feat(渲染器): 添加基础2D渲染系统

实现核心渲染功能，包括着色器管理、批处理系统、相机控制和纹理加载

- 添加着色器管理器用于加载和管理GLSL着色器程序
- 实现批处理系统优化绘制调用
- 添加相机控制支持视图和投影矩阵
- 实现纹理加载和管理功能
- 添加基础2D渲染API包括绘制四边形和精灵
- 集成到应用系统中，支持自动初始化和清理
- 添加示例着色器用于彩色四边形和纹理精灵
- 更新构建系统包含新的渲染相关文件

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/core/application.h

@@ -127,12 +127,18 @@ public:
      * @return 应用配置常量引用
      */
     const AppConfig& getConfig() const;
-
+    
     /**
      * @brief 获取窗口
      * @return 窗口指针
      */
     Window* getWindow() const { return window_; }
+    
+    /**
+     * @brief 获取渲染器
+     * @return 渲染器指针
+     */
+    class Renderer* getRenderer() const { return renderer_; }
 
     /**
      * @brief 获取 delta time
@@ -182,6 +188,7 @@ private:
 
     std::vector<Module*> modules_;
     Window* window_ = nullptr;
+    class Renderer* renderer_ = nullptr;
     AppConfig config_;
 
     bool initialized_ = false;

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/graphics/batch.h

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/types.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/texture.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/shader.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_alias.h>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+struct BatchKey {
+  uint32_t shaderID;
+  uint32_t textureID;
+  uint32_t blendMode;
+  
+  bool operator<(const BatchKey& other) const {
+    if (shaderID != other.shaderID) return shaderID < other.shaderID;
+    if (textureID != other.textureID) return textureID < other.textureID;
+    return blendMode < other.blendMode;
+  }
+};
+
+class Batch {
+public:
+  static constexpr int MAX_QUADS = 2048;
+  static constexpr int MAX_VERTICES = MAX_QUADS * 4;
+  static constexpr int MAX_INDICES = MAX_QUADS * 6;
+  
+  Batch();
+  ~Batch();
+  
+  bool init();
+  void shutdown();
+  
+  void begin();
+  void end();
+  
+  void submitQuad(const Quad& quad, const Transform2D& transform,
+                Ptr<Texture> texture, Shader* shader,
+                BlendMode blendMode = BlendMode::Normal);
+  
+  void flush();
+  void flushIfNeeded(const BatchKey& newKey, Shader* shader, Ptr<Texture> texture);
+  
+ private:
+  void setupMesh();
+  void flushCurrentBatch();
+  
+  struct BatchData {
+    std::vector<Vertex> vertices;
+    std::vector<uint16> indices;
+    BatchKey key;
+    Shader* shader = nullptr;
+    Ptr<Texture> texture;
+  };
+  
+  uint32_t vao_ = 0;
+  uint32_t vbo_ = 0;
+  uint32_t ibo_ = 0;
+  
+  BatchData currentBatch_;
+  std::vector<BatchData> batches_;
+  
+  bool begun_ = false;
+};
+
+}

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/graphics/camera.h

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_math.h>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class Camera {
+public:
+  Camera();
+  
+  void setPosition(const Vec2& pos);
+  void setZoom(float zoom);
+  void setViewport(int width, int height);
+  void setFlipY(bool flip) { flipY_ = flip; } // 调试用：Y轴翻转开关
+  
+  const Vec2& getPosition() const { return position_; }
+  float getZoom() const { return zoom_; }
+  
+  void lookAt(const Vec2& target);
+  void move(const Vec2& delta);
+  void zoomAt(float factor, const Vec2& screenPos);
+  
+  glm::mat4 getViewMatrix() const;
+  glm::mat4 getProjectionMatrix() const;
+  
+ private:
+  Vec2 position_;
+  float zoom_ = 1.0f;
+  int viewportWidth_ = 1280;
+  int viewportHeight_ = 720;
+  bool flipY_ = false; // 调试用：Y轴翻转开关
+};
+
+}

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/graphics/renderer.h

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/types.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/texture.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/shader.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/shader_manager.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/batch.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/camera.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class Renderer {
+public:
+  static Renderer& get();
+  
+  bool init();
+  void shutdown();
+  
+  void beginFrame();
+  void endFrame();
+  void flush();
+  
+  void setViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height);
+  void setClearColor(float r, float g, float b, float a = 1.0f);
+  void setClearColor(const Color& color);
+  void clear(uint32_t flags);
+  
+  void setCamera(Camera* camera);
+  Camera* getCamera() { return camera_; }
+  
+  void drawQuad(const Vec2& pos, const Size& size, float cr = 1.0f, float cg = 1.0f,
+                float cb = 1.0f, float ca = 1.0f);
+  void drawQuad(const Vec2& pos, const Size& size, Ptr<Texture> texture);
+  void drawQuad(const Rect& rect, const Color& color);
+  
+  void drawSprite(const Vec2& pos, const Size& size, Ptr<Texture> texture);
+  void drawSprite(const Vec2& pos, const Rect& srcRect, const Vec2& texSize, 
+                  Ptr<Texture> texture, const Color& color = Color(1, 1, 1, 1));
+  
+  ShaderManager& getShaderManager() { return shaderManager_; }
+  Batch& getBatch() { return batch_; }
+  
+private:
+  Renderer();
+  ~Renderer();
+  
+  void setupBlendMode(BlendMode mode);
+  void updateUniforms();
+  
+  ShaderManager shaderManager_;
+  Batch batch_;
+  Camera* camera_ = nullptr;
+  
+  uint32_t clearColor_[4] = {0, 0, 0, 255};
+  int viewportX_ = 0;
+  int viewportY_ = 0;
+  int viewportWidth_ = 1280;
+  int viewportHeight_ = 720;
+  
+  bool initialized_ = false;
+  
+  Renderer(const Renderer&) = delete;
+  Renderer& operator=(const Renderer&) = delete;
+};
+
+}

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/graphics/shader.h

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_alias.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_math.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class Shader {
+public:
+  Shader() = default;
+  ~Shader();
+  
+  void use();
+  void unuse();
+  
+  bool isValid() const { return programID_ != 0; }
+  uint32_t getID() const { return programID_; }
+  const std::string& getName() const { return name_; }
+  
+  void setInt(const std::string& name, int value);
+  void setFloat(const std::string& name, float value);
+  void setVec2(const std::string& name, const Vec2& value);
+  void setVec3(const std::string& name, const glm::vec3& value);
+  void setVec4(const std::string& name, const glm::vec4& value);
+  void setMat3(const std::string& name, const glm::mat3& value);
+  void setMat4(const std::string& name, const glm::mat4& value);
+  void setTexture(const std::string& name, int slot);
+  
+private:
+  Shader(const std::string& name, uint32_t programID);
+  
+  friend class ShaderManager;
+  
+  bool compile(uint32_t type, const std::string& source);
+  bool link(uint32_t vertexID, uint32_t fragmentID);
+  int getUniformLocation(const std::string& name);
+  
+  uint32_t programID_ = 0;
+  std::string name_;
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, int> uniformLocations_;
+  
+  Shader(const Shader&) = delete;
+  Shader& operator=(const Shader&) = delete;
+};
+
+}

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/graphics/shader_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/shader.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_alias.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class Renderer;
+
+class ShaderManager {
+public:
+  static ShaderManager& get();
+  
+  bool init(const std::string& shadersDir);
+  void shutdown();
+  
+  Shader* getShader(const std::string& name);
+  bool hasShader(const std::string& name) const;
+  
+  ~ShaderManager();
+  
+  ShaderManager() = default;
+  
+private:
+  
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, Ptr<Shader>> shaders_;
+  std::string shadersDir_;
+  
+  bool loadShadersFromConfig(const std::string& configPath);
+  bool loadShader(const std::string& name, const std::string& vertPath, 
+                  const std::string& fragPath);
+  
+  ShaderManager(const ShaderManager&) = delete;
+  ShaderManager& operator=(const ShaderManager&) = delete;
+};
+
+}

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/graphics/texture.h

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/types.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_alias.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+class Texture {
+public:
+  static Ptr<Texture> loadFromFile(const std::string& path);
+  static Ptr<Texture> createFromMemory(uint8* data, int width, int height, int channels);
+  static Ptr<Texture> createEmpty(int width, int height);
+  
+  ~Texture();
+  
+  void bind(uint32_t slot = 0);
+  void unbind();
+  
+  void setWrapMode(uint32_t wrapS, uint32_t wrapT);
+  void setFilterMode(uint32_t minFilter, uint32_t magFilter);
+  
+  int getWidth() const { return width_; }
+  int getHeight() const { return height_; }
+  uint32_t getID() const { return textureID_; }
+  const std::string& getPath() const { return path_; }
+  
+private:
+  Texture(int width, int height, uint32_t id);
+  
+  friend class std::shared_ptr<Texture>;
+  template<typename T, typename... Args> friend Ptr<T> makePtr(Args &&...args);
+  
+  uint32_t textureID_ = 0;
+  int width_ = 0;
+  int height_ = 0;
+  int channels_ = 0;
+  std::string path_;
+  
+  Texture() = default;
+  Texture(const Texture&) = delete;
+  Texture& operator=(const Texture&) = delete;
+};
+
+}

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/graphics/types.h

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_alias.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_math.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_color.h>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+enum class BlendMode {
+  None,
+  Normal,
+  Additive,
+  Subtractive,
+  Multiply
+};
+
+enum class PrimitiveType {
+  Triangles,
+  TriangleStrip,
+  TriangleFan,
+  Quads
+};
+
+struct Vertex {
+  Vec2 position;
+  Vec2 texCoord;
+  float r, g, b, a;
+  
+  Vertex() = default;
+  Vertex(const Vec2& pos, const Vec2& uv, float cr, float cg, float cb, float ca)
+      : position(pos), texCoord(uv), r(cr), g(cg), b(cb), a(ca) {}
+};
+
+struct Quad {
+  Vertex vertices[4];
+  
+  Quad() = default;
+  
+  static Quad create(const Rect& rect, float cr = 1.0f, float cg = 1.0f, 
+                     float cb = 1.0f, float ca = 1.0f) {
+    Quad q;
+    Vec2 bl(rect.left(), rect.bottom());
+    Vec2 br(rect.right(), rect.bottom());
+    Vec2 tl(rect.left(), rect.top());
+    Vec2 tr(rect.right(), rect.top());
+    
+    q.vertices[0] = Vertex(bl, Vec2(0, 0), cr, cg, cb, ca);
+    q.vertices[1] = Vertex(br, Vec2(1, 0), cr, cg, cb, ca);
+    q.vertices[2] = Vertex(tl, Vec2(0, 1), cr, cg, cb, ca);
+    q.vertices[3] = Vertex(tr, Vec2(1, 1), cr, cg, cb, ca);
+    
+    return q;
+  }
+  
+  static Quad createTextured(const Rect& destRect, const Rect& srcRect,
+                         const Vec2& texSize, float cr = 1.0f, 
+                         float cg = 1.0f, float cb = 1.0f, float ca = 1.0f) {
+    Quad q;
+    
+    Vec2 bl(destRect.left(), destRect.bottom());
+    Vec2 br(destRect.right(), destRect.bottom());
+    Vec2 tl(destRect.left(), destRect.top());
+    Vec2 tr(destRect.right(), destRect.top());
+    
+    Vec2 uvBL(srcRect.left() / texSize.x, srcRect.bottom() / texSize.y);
+    Vec2 uvBR(srcRect.right() / texSize.x, srcRect.bottom() / texSize.y);
+    Vec2 uvTL(srcRect.left() / texSize.x, srcRect.top() / texSize.y);
+    Vec2 uvTR(srcRect.right() / texSize.x, srcRect.top() / texSize.y);
+    
+    q.vertices[0] = Vertex(bl, uvBL, cr, cg, cb, ca);
+    q.vertices[1] = Vertex(br, uvBR, cr, cg, cb, ca);
+    q.vertices[2] = Vertex(tl, uvTL, cr, cg, cb, ca);
+    q.vertices[3] = Vertex(tr, uvTR, cr, cg, cb, ca);
+    
+    return q;
+  }
+};
+
+}

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/types/type_color.h

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <frostbite2D/core/types.h>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <glm/vec4.hpp>
 
 namespace frostbite2D {

Frostbite2D/include/frostbite2D/types/type_math.h

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ struct Rect {
   constexpr Rect() = default;
   constexpr Rect(float x, float y, float w, float h)
       : origin(x, y), size(w, h) {}
-  constexpr Rect(const Point &o, const Size &s) : origin(o), size(s) {}
+  constexpr Rect(const Point& o, const Size& s) : origin(o), size(s) {}
 
   float left() const { return origin.x; }
   float top() const { return origin.y; }

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/core/application.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 #include <SDL2/SDL.h>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <frostbite2D/core/application.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/renderer.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/platform/switch.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/types/type_math.h>
 namespace frostbite2D {
 
 Application &Application::get() {
@@ -69,6 +71,12 @@ void Application::shutdown() {
 
   destroyAllModules();
 
+  // 关闭渲染器
+  if (renderer_) {
+    renderer_->shutdown();
+    renderer_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
   if (window_) {
     window_->destroy();
     window_ = nullptr;
@@ -89,6 +97,14 @@ Application::~Application() {
 
 bool Application::initCoreModules() {
   registerCoreServices();
+
+  // 初始化渲染器
+  renderer_ = &Renderer::get();
+  if (!renderer_->init()) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to initialize renderer");
+    return false;
+  }
+
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -234,6 +250,28 @@ void Application::render() {
     }
   }
 
+  // 简单的测试代码 - 绘制彩色方块
+  if (renderer_) {
+    static float angle = 0.0f;
+    angle += 0.02f;
+
+    renderer_->beginFrame();
+
+    // 绘制橙色方块
+    renderer_->drawQuad(Vec2(0, 0), Size(200, 150), 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.2f);
+
+    // 绘制蓝色移动方块
+    float x = 1920.0 / 2 + cosf(angle) * 100.0f;
+    float y = 1080.0 / 2 + sinf(angle) * 100.0f;
+    renderer_->drawQuad(Vec2(x, y), Size(100, 100), 0.3f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
+
+    renderer_->drawQuad(Vec2(1920 - 100, 1080 - 150), Size(100, 150), 1.0f,
+                        0.5f, 0.2f);
+
+    renderer_->endFrame();
+    renderer_->flush();
+  }
+
   if (window_) {
     window_->swap();
   }

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/core/window.cpp

@@ -81,7 +81,20 @@ bool Window::create(const WindowConfig &cfg) {
 
   SDL_GL_SetSwapInterval(cfg.vsync ? 1 : 0);
 
-  SDL_GetWindowSize(sdlWindow_, &width_, &height_);
+  // 获取实际的可绘制大小（考虑高 DPI 和 Switch 等平台）
+  int drawableWidth, drawableHeight;
+  SDL_GL_GetDrawableSize(sdlWindow_, &drawableWidth, &drawableHeight);
+  width_ = drawableWidth;
+  height_ = drawableHeight;
+  
+  // 计算缩放比例
+  int windowWidth, windowHeight;
+  SDL_GetWindowSize(sdlWindow_, &windowWidth, &windowHeight);
+  if (windowWidth > 0 && windowHeight > 0) {
+    scaleX_ = static_cast<float>(drawableWidth) / static_cast<float>(windowWidth);
+    scaleY_ = static_cast<float>(drawableHeight) / static_cast<float>(windowHeight);
+  }
+  
   fullscreen_ = (flags & SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN_DESKTOP) != 0;
   vsync_ = cfg.vsync;
 
@@ -119,7 +132,11 @@ void Window::destroy() {
 
 void Window::poll() {}
 
-void Window::swap() {}
+void Window::swap() {
+  if (sdlWindow_ && glContext_) {
+    SDL_GL_SwapWindow(sdlWindow_);
+  }
+}
 
 void Window::close() { shouldClose_ = true; }
 

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/batch.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#include "SDL_log.h"
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/batch.h>
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+Batch::Batch() {
+  currentBatch_.vertices.reserve(MAX_VERTICES);
+  currentBatch_.indices.reserve(MAX_INDICES);
+}
+
+Batch::~Batch() {
+  shutdown();
+}
+
+bool Batch::init() {
+  glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao_);
+  glGenBuffers(1, &vbo_);
+  glGenBuffers(1, &ibo_);
+  
+  setupMesh();
+  
+  SDL_Log("Batch system initialized");
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Batch::shutdown() {
+  if (vao_ != 0) {
+    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vao_);
+    vao_ = 0;
+  }
+  if (vbo_ != 0) {
+    glDeleteBuffers(1, &vbo_);
+    vbo_ = 0;
+  }
+  if (ibo_ != 0) {
+    glDeleteBuffers(1, &ibo_);
+    ibo_ = 0;
+  }
+  
+  currentBatch_.vertices.clear();
+  currentBatch_.indices.clear();
+  batches_.clear();
+}
+
+void Batch::setupMesh() {
+  glBindVertexArray(vao_);
+  
+  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_);
+  glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, MAX_VERTICES * sizeof(Vertex), nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+  
+  glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo_);
+  glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, MAX_INDICES * sizeof(uint16), nullptr, GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW);
+  
+  int stride = sizeof(Vertex);
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
+  glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, stride, (void*)0);
+  
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
+  glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, stride, (void*)offsetof(Vertex, texCoord));
+  
+  glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);
+  glVertexAttribPointer(2, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, stride, (void*)offsetof(Vertex, r));
+  
+  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);
+  glBindVertexArray(0);
+}
+
+void Batch::begin() {
+  begun_ = true;
+  currentBatch_.vertices.clear();
+  currentBatch_.indices.clear();
+  currentBatch_.key = {0, 0, 0};
+  currentBatch_.shader = nullptr;
+  currentBatch_.texture.reset();
+}
+
+void Batch::end() {
+  if (begun_) {
+    flush();
+    begun_ = false;
+  }
+}
+
+void Batch::submitQuad(const Quad& quad, const Transform2D& transform,
+                     Ptr<Texture> texture, Shader* shader,
+                     BlendMode blendMode) {
+  if (!begun_) {
+    SDL_LogWarn(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Batch not started, call begin() first");
+    return;
+  }
+  
+  uint32_t textureID = texture ? texture->getID() : 0;
+  uint32_t shaderID = shader ? shader->getID() : 0;
+  BatchKey newKey = {shaderID, textureID, (uint32_t)blendMode};
+  
+  flushIfNeeded(newKey, shader, texture);
+  
+  glm::mat4 mat = transform.matrix;
+  uint16_t indexOffset = static_cast<uint16_t>(currentBatch_.vertices.size());
+  
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+    Vertex v = quad.vertices[i];
+    glm::vec4 pos(v.position.x, v.position.y, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+    glm::vec4 transformed = mat * pos;
+    v.position.x = transformed.x;
+    v.position.y = transformed.y;
+    
+    currentBatch_.vertices.push_back(v);
+  }
+  
+  currentBatch_.indices.push_back(indexOffset);
+  currentBatch_.indices.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(indexOffset + 1));
+  currentBatch_.indices.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(indexOffset + 2));
+  currentBatch_.indices.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(indexOffset + 1));
+  currentBatch_.indices.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(indexOffset + 3));
+  currentBatch_.indices.push_back(static_cast<uint16_t>(indexOffset + 2));
+}
+
+void Batch::flush() {
+  if (!currentBatch_.vertices.empty()) {
+    flushCurrentBatch();
+  }
+}
+
+void Batch::flushIfNeeded(const BatchKey& newKey, Shader* shader, Ptr<Texture> texture) {
+  if (currentBatch_.indices.empty()) {
+    currentBatch_.key = newKey;
+    currentBatch_.shader = shader;
+    currentBatch_.texture = texture;
+    return;
+  }
+  
+  if (currentBatch_.key.shaderID != newKey.shaderID ||
+      currentBatch_.key.textureID != newKey.textureID ||
+      currentBatch_.key.blendMode != newKey.blendMode) {
+    flushCurrentBatch();
+    currentBatch_.key = newKey;
+    currentBatch_.shader = shader;
+    currentBatch_.texture = texture;
+  }
+}
+
+void Batch::flushCurrentBatch() {
+  if (currentBatch_.vertices.empty()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  
+  glBindVertexArray(vao_);
+  
+  // 绑定着色器和纹理
+  if (currentBatch_.shader) {
+    currentBatch_.shader->use();
+  }
+  if (currentBatch_.texture) {
+    currentBatch_.texture->bind();
+  }
+  
+  glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_);
+  glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, 
+                  currentBatch_.vertices.size() * sizeof(Vertex), 
+                  currentBatch_.vertices.data());
+  
+  glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, ibo_);
+  glBufferSubData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, 
+                  currentBatch_.indices.size() * sizeof(uint16), 
+                  currentBatch_.indices.data());
+  
+  glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 
+                 static_cast<GLsizei>(currentBatch_.indices.size()), 
+                 GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT, 0);
+  
+  currentBatch_.vertices.clear();
+  currentBatch_.indices.clear();
+  currentBatch_.shader = nullptr;
+  currentBatch_.texture.reset();
+}
+
+}

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/camera.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/camera.h>
+#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+Camera::Camera() : position_(0, 0), zoom_(1.0f) {}
+
+void Camera::setPosition(const Vec2 &pos) { position_ = pos; }
+
+void Camera::setZoom(float zoom) { zoom_ = zoom; }
+
+void Camera::setViewport(int width, int height) {
+  viewportWidth_ = width;
+  viewportHeight_ = height;
+}
+
+void Camera::lookAt(const Vec2 &target) { position_ = target; }
+
+void Camera::move(const Vec2 &delta) { position_ = position_ + delta; }
+
+void Camera::zoomAt(float factor, const Vec2 &screenPos) {
+  Vec2 worldBefore = screenPos - position_;
+  zoom_ *= factor;
+  Vec2 worldAfter = screenPos - position_;
+  position_ = position_ + (worldBefore - worldAfter);
+}
+
+glm::mat4 Camera::getViewMatrix() const {
+  glm::mat4 view = glm::mat4(1.0f);
+  view[3][0] = -position_.x;
+  view[3][1] = -position_.y;
+  view[0][0] = zoom_;
+  view[1][1] = zoom_;
+  return view;
+}
+
+glm::mat4 Camera::getProjectionMatrix() const {
+  float left = 0.0f;
+  float right = static_cast<float>(viewportWidth_);
+  float bottom = static_cast<float>(viewportHeight_);
+  float top = 0.0f;
+
+  return glm::ortho(left, right, bottom, top, -1.0f, 1.0f);
+}
+
+} // namespace frostbite2D

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/renderer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#include "SDL_log.h"
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/renderer.h>
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+#include <glm/gtc/type_ptr.hpp>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+Renderer& Renderer::get() {
+  static Renderer instance;
+  return instance;
+}
+
+Renderer::Renderer() = default;
+
+Renderer::~Renderer() {
+  shutdown();
+}
+
+bool Renderer::init() {
+  if (initialized_) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  
+  if (!batch_.init()) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to initialize batch system");
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+  glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+  
+  SDL_Log("Renderer initialized");
+  initialized_ = true;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Renderer::shutdown() {
+  batch_.shutdown();
+  shaderManager_.shutdown();
+  initialized_ = false;
+}
+
+void Renderer::beginFrame() {
+  glViewport(viewportX_, viewportY_, viewportWidth_, viewportHeight_);
+  glClearColor(clearColor_[0] / 255.0f, clearColor_[1] / 255.0f, 
+                clearColor_[2] / 255.0f, clearColor_[3] / 255.0f);
+  glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
+  
+  updateUniforms();
+  batch_.begin();
+}
+
+void Renderer::endFrame() {
+  batch_.end();
+}
+
+void Renderer::flush() {
+  batch_.flush();
+}
+
+void Renderer::setViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
+  viewportX_ = x;
+  viewportY_ = y;
+  viewportWidth_ = width;
+  viewportHeight_ = height;
+  
+  if (camera_) {
+    camera_->setViewport(width, height);
+  }
+}
+
+void Renderer::setClearColor(float r, float g, float b, float a) {
+  clearColor_[0] = static_cast<uint8>(r * 255);
+  clearColor_[1] = static_cast<uint8>(g * 255);
+  clearColor_[2] = static_cast<uint8>(b * 255);
+  clearColor_[3] = static_cast<uint8>(a * 255);
+}
+
+void Renderer::setClearColor(const Color& color) {
+  clearColor_[0] = color.r;
+  clearColor_[1] = color.g;
+  clearColor_[2] = color.b;
+  clearColor_[3] = color.a;
+}
+
+void Renderer::clear(uint32_t flags) {
+  glClear(flags);
+}
+
+void Renderer::setCamera(Camera* camera) {
+  camera_ = camera;
+  if (camera) {
+    camera_->setViewport(viewportWidth_, viewportHeight_);
+  }
+}
+
+void Renderer::setupBlendMode(BlendMode mode) {
+  switch (mode) {
+    case BlendMode::None:
+      glDisable(GL_BLEND);
+      break;
+    case BlendMode::Normal:
+      glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+      glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+      break;
+    case BlendMode::Additive:
+      glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+      glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE);
+      break;
+    case BlendMode::Subtractive:
+      glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+      glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+      glBlendEquation(GL_FUNC_REVERSE_SUBTRACT);
+      break;
+    case BlendMode::Multiply:
+      glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+      glBlendFunc(GL_DST_COLOR, GL_ZERO);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+void Renderer::updateUniforms() {
+  if (camera_) {
+    auto* spriteShader = shaderManager_.getShader("sprite");
+    if (spriteShader) {
+      spriteShader->use();
+      spriteShader->setMat4("u_view", camera_->getViewMatrix());
+      spriteShader->setMat4("u_projection", camera_->getProjectionMatrix());
+    }
+    
+    auto* coloredShader = shaderManager_.getShader("colored_quad");
+    if (coloredShader) {
+      coloredShader->use();
+      coloredShader->setMat4("u_view", camera_->getViewMatrix());
+      coloredShader->setMat4("u_projection", camera_->getProjectionMatrix());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Renderer::drawQuad(const Vec2& pos, const Size& size, float cr, float cg, 
+                         float cb, float ca) {
+  Rect rect(pos.x, pos.y, size.width, size.height);
+  Quad quad = Quad::create(rect, cr, cg, cb, ca);
+  Transform2D transform = Transform2D::identity();
+  
+  auto* shader = shaderManager_.getShader("colored_quad");
+  if (shader) {
+    shader->use();
+  }
+  
+  batch_.submitQuad(quad, transform, nullptr, shader, BlendMode::Normal);
+}
+
+void Renderer::drawQuad(const Vec2& pos, const Size& size, Ptr<Texture> texture) {
+  Rect rect(pos.x, pos.y, size.width, size.height);
+  Quad quad = Quad::createTextured(rect, Rect(0, 0, size.width, size.height),
+                                     Vec2(size.width, size.height));
+  Transform2D transform = Transform2D::identity();
+  
+  auto* shader = shaderManager_.getShader("sprite");
+  if (shader) {
+    shader->use();
+  }
+  
+  batch_.submitQuad(quad, transform, texture, shader, BlendMode::Normal);
+}
+
+void Renderer::drawQuad(const Rect& rect, const Color& color) {
+  drawQuad(Vec2(rect.left(), rect.top()), 
+            Size(rect.width(), rect.height()),
+            static_cast<float>(color.r) / 255.0f,
+            static_cast<float>(color.g) / 255.0f,
+            static_cast<float>(color.b) / 255.0f,
+            static_cast<float>(color.a) / 255.0f);
+}
+
+void Renderer::drawSprite(const Vec2& pos, const Size& size, Ptr<Texture> texture) {
+  drawQuad(pos, size, texture);
+}
+
+void Renderer::drawSprite(const Vec2& pos, const Rect& srcRect, const Vec2& texSize,
+                         Ptr<Texture> texture, const Color& color) {
+  Rect destRect(pos.x, pos.y, srcRect.width(), srcRect.height());
+  Quad quad = Quad::createTextured(destRect, srcRect, texSize,
+                                     static_cast<float>(color.r) / 255.0f,
+                                     static_cast<float>(color.g) / 255.0f,
+                                     static_cast<float>(color.b) / 255.0f,
+                                     static_cast<float>(color.a) / 255.0f);
+  Transform2D transform = Transform2D::identity();
+  
+  auto* shader = shaderManager_.getShader("sprite");
+  if (shader) {
+    shader->use();
+  }
+  
+  batch_.submitQuad(quad, transform, texture, shader, BlendMode::Normal);
+}
+
+}

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/shader.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#include "SDL_log.h"
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/shader.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/utils/asset.h>
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+Shader::Shader(const std::string& name, uint32_t programID)
+    : name_(name), programID_(programID) {}
+
+Shader::~Shader() {
+  if (programID_ != 0) {
+    glDeleteProgram(programID_);
+    programID_ = 0;
+  }
+  uniformLocations_.clear();
+}
+
+void Shader::use() {
+  glUseProgram(programID_);
+}
+
+void Shader::unuse() {
+  glUseProgram(0);
+}
+
+bool Shader::compile(uint32_t type, const std::string& source) {
+  uint32_t shaderID = glCreateShader(type);
+  const char* src = source.c_str();
+  glShaderSource(shaderID, 1, &src, nullptr);
+  glCompileShader(shaderID);
+  
+  int success;
+  glGetShaderiv(shaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
+  if (!success) {
+    int length;
+    glGetShaderiv(shaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
+    std::vector<char> log(length);
+    glGetShaderInfoLog(shaderID, length, &length, log.data());
+    
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Shader compilation failed: %s", log.data());
+    glDeleteShader(shaderID);
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Shader::link(uint32_t vertexID, uint32_t fragmentID) {
+  programID_ = glCreateProgram();
+  glAttachShader(programID_, vertexID);
+  glAttachShader(programID_, fragmentID);
+  glLinkProgram(programID_);
+  
+  int success;
+  glGetProgramiv(programID_, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
+  if (!success) {
+    int length;
+    glGetProgramiv(programID_, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
+    std::vector<char> log(length);
+    glGetProgramInfoLog(programID_, length, &length, log.data());
+    
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Shader linking failed: %s", log.data());
+    glDeleteProgram(programID_);
+    programID_ = 0;
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  glDeleteShader(vertexID);
+  glDeleteShader(fragmentID);
+  
+  return true;
+}
+
+int Shader::getUniformLocation(const std::string& name) {
+  auto it = uniformLocations_.find(name);
+  if (it != uniformLocations_.end()) {
+    return it->second;
+  }
+  
+  int location = glGetUniformLocation(programID_, name.c_str());
+  uniformLocations_[name] = location;
+  return location;
+}
+
+void Shader::setInt(const std::string& name, int value) {
+  int location = getUniformLocation(name);
+  if (location >= 0) {
+    glUniform1i(location, value);
+  }
+}
+
+void Shader::setFloat(const std::string& name, float value) {
+  int location = getUniformLocation(name);
+  if (location >= 0) {
+    glUniform1f(location, value);
+  }
+}
+
+void Shader::setVec2(const std::string& name, const Vec2& value) {
+  int location = getUniformLocation(name);
+  if (location >= 0) {
+    glUniform2f(location, value.x, value.y);
+  }
+}
+
+void Shader::setVec3(const std::string& name, const glm::vec3& value) {
+  int location = getUniformLocation(name);
+  if (location >= 0) {
+    glUniform3f(location, value.x, value.y, value.z);
+  }
+}
+
+void Shader::setVec4(const std::string& name, const glm::vec4& value) {
+  int location = getUniformLocation(name);
+  if (location >= 0) {
+    glUniform4f(location, value.x, value.y, value.z, value.w);
+  }
+}
+
+void Shader::setMat3(const std::string& name, const glm::mat3& value) {
+  int location = getUniformLocation(name);
+  if (location >= 0) {
+    glUniformMatrix3fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, &value[0][0]);
+  }
+}
+
+void Shader::setMat4(const std::string& name, const glm::mat4& value) {
+  int location = getUniformLocation(name);
+  if (location >= 0) {
+    glUniformMatrix4fv(location, 1, GL_FALSE, &value[0][0]);
+  }
+}
+
+void Shader::setTexture(const std::string& name, int slot) {
+  int location = getUniformLocation(name);
+  if (location >= 0) {
+    glUniform1i(location, slot);
+  }
+}
+
+}

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/shader_manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+#include "SDL_log.h"
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/shader_manager.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/shader.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/utils/asset.h>
+#include <json/json.hpp>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+using json = nlohmann::json;
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+ShaderManager& ShaderManager::get() {
+  static ShaderManager instance;
+  return instance;
+}
+
+ShaderManager::~ShaderManager() {
+  shutdown();
+}
+
+bool ShaderManager::init(const std::string& shadersDir) {
+  shadersDir_ = shadersDir;
+  shaders_.clear();
+  
+  std::string configPath = shadersDir_ + "/shaders.json";
+  return loadShadersFromConfig(configPath);
+}
+
+void ShaderManager::shutdown() {
+  shaders_.clear();
+}
+
+Shader* ShaderManager::getShader(const std::string& name) {
+  auto it = shaders_.find(name);
+  if (it != shaders_.end()) {
+    return it->second.get();
+  }
+  SDL_LogWarn(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Shader not found: %s", name.c_str());
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+bool ShaderManager::hasShader(const std::string& name) const {
+  return shaders_.find(name) != shaders_.end();
+}
+
+bool ShaderManager::loadShader(const std::string& name, const std::string& vertPath, 
+                                const std::string& fragPath) {
+  Asset& asset = Asset::get();
+  std::string vertSource, fragSource;
+  
+  if (!asset.readTextFile(vertPath, vertSource)) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to load vertex shader: %s", vertPath.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  if (!asset.readTextFile(fragPath, fragSource)) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to load fragment shader: %s", fragPath.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  uint32_t vertexID = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
+  uint32_t fragmentID = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);
+  
+  const char* vertSrc = vertSource.c_str();
+  glShaderSource(vertexID, 1, &vertSrc, nullptr);
+  glCompileShader(vertexID);
+  
+  const char* fragSrc = fragSource.c_str();
+  glShaderSource(fragmentID, 1, &fragSrc, nullptr);
+  glCompileShader(fragmentID);
+  
+  int success;
+  glGetShaderiv(vertexID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
+  if (!success) {
+    int length;
+    glGetShaderiv(vertexID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
+    std::vector<char> log(length);
+    glGetShaderInfoLog(vertexID, length, &length, log.data());
+    
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Vertex shader compilation failed: %s", log.data());
+    glDeleteShader(vertexID);
+    glDeleteShader(fragmentID);
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  glGetShaderiv(fragmentID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &success);
+  if (!success) {
+    int length;
+    glGetShaderiv(fragmentID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
+    std::vector<char> log(length);
+    glGetShaderInfoLog(fragmentID, length, &length, log.data());
+    
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Fragment shader compilation failed: %s", log.data());
+    glDeleteShader(vertexID);
+    glDeleteShader(fragmentID);
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  uint32_t programID = glCreateProgram();
+  glAttachShader(programID, vertexID);
+  glAttachShader(programID, fragmentID);
+  
+  // 绑定顶点属性位置，确保和 Batch 类的设置一致
+  glBindAttribLocation(programID, 0, "a_position");
+  glBindAttribLocation(programID, 1, "a_texCoord");
+  glBindAttribLocation(programID, 2, "a_color");
+  
+  glLinkProgram(programID);
+  
+  glGetProgramiv(programID, GL_LINK_STATUS, &success);
+  if (!success) {
+    int length;
+    glGetProgramiv(programID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &length);
+    std::vector<char> log(length);
+    glGetProgramInfoLog(programID, length, &length, log.data());
+    
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Shader linking failed: %s", log.data());
+    glDeleteProgram(programID);
+    glDeleteShader(vertexID);
+    glDeleteShader(fragmentID);
+    return false;
+  }
+  
+  glDeleteShader(vertexID);
+  glDeleteShader(fragmentID);
+  
+  auto shader = Ptr<Shader>(new Shader(name, programID));
+  shaders_[name] = shader;
+  
+  SDL_Log("Loaded shader: %s", name.c_str());
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool ShaderManager::loadShadersFromConfig(const std::string& configPath) {
+  Asset& asset = Asset::get();
+  std::string content;
+  
+  if (!asset.readTextFile(configPath, content)) {
+    SDL_LogWarn(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "No shaders.json found, will compile shaders on demand");
+    return true;
+  }
+  
+  try {
+    json config = json::parse(content);
+    
+    if (!config.contains("shaders")) {
+      SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Invalid shaders.json: missing 'shaders' key");
+      return false;
+    }
+    
+    auto shaders = config["shaders"];
+    for (auto& [key, value] : shaders.items()) {
+      if (!value.contains("vertex") || !value.contains("fragment")) {
+        SDL_LogWarn(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Invalid shader entry: %s", key.c_str());
+        continue;
+      }
+      
+      std::string vertFile = value["vertex"];
+      std::string fragFile = value["fragment"];
+      
+      std::string vertPath = shadersDir_ + "/" + vertFile;
+      std::string fragPath = shadersDir_ + "/" + fragFile;
+      
+      if (!loadShader(key, vertPath, fragPath)) {
+        SDL_LogWarn(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to load shader: %s", key.c_str());
+      }
+    }
+    
+    SDL_Log("Loaded %zu shaders from config", shaders_.size());
+    return true;
+    
+  } catch (const json::parse_error& e) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to parse shaders.json: %s", e.what());
+    return false;
+  } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Error loading shaders: %s", e.what());
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+}

Frostbite2D/src/frostbite2D/graphics/texture.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "SDL_log.h"
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/texture.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/utils/asset.h>
+#include <stb/stb_image.h>
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+
+namespace frostbite2D {
+
+Texture::Texture(int width, int height, uint32_t id)
+    : width_(width), height_(height), textureID_(id) {}
+
+Texture::~Texture() {
+  if (textureID_ != 0) {
+    glDeleteTextures(1, &textureID_);
+    textureID_ = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+Ptr<Texture> Texture::loadFromFile(const std::string& path) {
+  Asset& asset = Asset::get();
+  std::string resolvedPath = asset.resolveAssetPath(path);
+  
+  int width, height, channels;
+  uint8* data = stbi_load(resolvedPath.c_str(), &width, &height, &channels, 0);
+  
+  if (!data) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to load texture: %s", resolvedPath.c_str());
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  
+  uint32_t format = channels == 4 ? GL_RGBA : GL_RGB;
+  
+  uint32_t textureID;
+  glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
+  
+  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
+  
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+  
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+  stbi_image_free(data);
+  
+  auto texture = Ptr<Texture>(new Texture(width, height, textureID));
+  texture->path_ = resolvedPath;
+  texture->channels_ = channels;
+  
+  SDL_Log("Loaded texture: %s (%dx%d, %d channels)", resolvedPath.c_str(), width, height, channels);
+  
+  return texture;
+}
+
+Ptr<Texture> Texture::createFromMemory(uint8* data, int width, int height, int channels) {
+  if (!data) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to create texture from memory: null data");
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  
+  uint32_t format = channels == 4 ? GL_RGBA : GL_RGB;
+  
+  uint32_t textureID;
+  glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
+  
+  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, format, width, height, 0, format, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
+  
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+  
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+  
+  auto texture = Ptr<Texture>(new Texture(width, height, textureID));
+  texture->channels_ = channels;
+  
+  return texture;
+}
+
+Ptr<Texture> Texture::createEmpty(int width, int height) {
+  uint32_t textureID;
+  glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
+  
+  glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr);
+  
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+  
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+  
+  return Ptr<Texture>(new Texture(width, height, textureID));
+}
+
+void Texture::bind(uint32_t slot) {
+  glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + slot);
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID_);
+}
+
+void Texture::unbind() {
+  glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
+}
+
+void Texture::setWrapMode(uint32_t wrapS, uint32_t wrapT) {
+  bind();
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, wrapS);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, wrapT);
+  unbind();
+}
+
+void Texture::setFilterMode(uint32_t minFilter, uint32_t magFilter) {
+  bind();
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, minFilter);
+  glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, magFilter);
+  unbind();
+}
+
+}

Frostbite2D/src/main.cpp

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 #include <SDL2/SDL.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/core/application.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/core/window.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/camera.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/renderer.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/texture.h>
 #include <frostbite2D/utils/asset.h>
-
 #include <glad/glad.h>
 
 using namespace frostbite2D;
@@ -12,9 +14,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   AppConfig config = AppConfig::createDefault();
   config.appName = "Frostbite2D Test App";
   config.appVersion = "1.0.0";
-  config.windowConfig.width = 800;
+  config.windowConfig.width = 1920;
-  config.windowConfig.height = 600;
+  config.windowConfig.height = 1080;
-  config.windowConfig.title = "Frostbite2D - Application Test";
+  config.windowConfig.title = "Frostbite2D - Renderer Test";
 
   Application &app = Application::get();
 
@@ -23,8 +25,38 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     return -1;
   }
 
+  auto &renderer = Renderer::get();
+  renderer.setClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.15f);
+
+  // 获取屏幕实际大小
+  auto *window = app.getWindow();
+  int screenWidth = window ? window->width() : config.windowConfig.width;
+  int screenHeight = window ? window->height() : config.windowConfig.height;
+
+  // 设置 Renderer 的视口到屏幕大小
+  renderer.setViewport(0, 0, screenWidth, screenHeight);
+
+  // 相机使用游戏逻辑分辨率 (1280x720)
+  static Camera camera;
+  camera.setViewport(config.windowConfig.width, config.windowConfig.height);
+  renderer.setCamera(&camera);
+
+  auto &asset = Asset::get();
+#ifdef __SWITCH__
+  asset.setWorkingDirectory("/switch/testgame");
+#else
+  asset.setWorkingDirectory(".");
+#endif
+
+  // 初始化着色器管理器
+  auto &shaderManager = renderer.getShaderManager();
+  shaderManager.init("shaders");
+
   SDL_Log("Application initialized successfully");
-  SDL_Log("Running main loop...");
+  SDL_Log("Screen size: %dx%d", screenWidth, screenHeight);
+  SDL_Log("Render size: %dx%d", config.windowConfig.width,
+          config.windowConfig.height);
+  SDL_Log("Starting main loop...");
 
   app.run();
 
@@ -32,4 +64,4 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 
   SDL_Log("Application exited normally");
   return 0;
-}
+}

platform/windows.lua

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ target("Frostbite2D")
     add_files(path.join(os.projectdir(), "Frostbite2D/src/**.cpp"))
     add_files(path.join(os.projectdir(), "Frostbite2D/src/**.c"))
     add_includedirs(path.join(os.projectdir(), "Frostbite2D/include"))
+    add_includedirs(path.join(os.projectdir(), "Frostbite2D/include/json"))
 
     -- 添加资源文件（如果存在）
     local rc_file = path.join(os.projectdir(), "resources/app.rc")

shaders/colored_quad.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifdef GL_ES
+  precision mediump float;
+#endif
+
+varying vec4 v_color;
+
+void main() {
+  gl_FragColor = v_color;
+}

shaders/colored_quad.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#ifdef GL_ES
+  precision mediump float;
+#endif
+
+attribute vec2 a_position;
+attribute vec2 a_texCoord;
+attribute vec4 a_color;
+
+uniform mat4 u_view;
+uniform mat4 u_projection;
+
+varying vec2 v_texCoord;
+varying vec4 v_color;
+
+void main() {
+  gl_Position = u_projection * u_view * vec4(a_position, 0.0, 1.0);
+  v_texCoord = a_texCoord;
+  v_color = a_color;
+}

shaders/sprite.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#ifdef GL_ES
+  precision mediump float;
+#endif
+
+varying vec2 v_texCoord;
+varying vec4 v_color;
+
+uniform sampler2D u_texture;
+
+void main() {
+  vec4 texColor = texture2D(u_texture, v_texCoord);
+  gl_FragColor = texColor * v_color;
+}

shaders/sprite.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#ifdef GL_ES
+  precision mediump float;
+#endif
+
+attribute vec2 a_position;
+attribute vec2 a_texCoord;
+attribute vec4 a_color;
+
+uniform mat4 u_view;
+uniform mat4 u_projection;
+uniform sampler2D u_texture;
+
+varying vec2 v_texCoord;
+varying vec4 v_color;
+
+void main() {
+  gl_Position = u_projection * u_view * vec4(a_position, 0.0, 1.0);
+  v_texCoord = a_texCoord;
+  v_color = a_color;
+}

src/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "SDL_log.h"
+#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/core/application.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/core/window.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/graphics/renderer.h>
+#include <frostbite2D/utils/asset.h>
+#include <glad/glad.h>
+
+using namespace frostbite2D;
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  AppConfig AppConfig::createDefault();
+  config.appName = "Frostbite2D Test App";
+  config.appVersion = "1.0.0";
+  config.windowConfig.width = 800;
+  config.windowConfig.height = 600;
+  config.windowConfig.title = "Frostbite2D - Renderer Test";
+
+  Application& app = Application::get();
+
+  if (!app.init(config)) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to initialize application!");
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  auto& renderer = Renderer::get();
+  if (!renderer.init()) {
+    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to initialize renderer!");
+    app.shutdown();
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  renderer.setClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
+
+  auto& asset = Asset::get();
+  asset.setWorkingDirectory("assets");
+
+  SDL_Log("Application initialized successfully");
+  SDL_Log("Starting main loop...");
+
+  app.run();
+
+  app.shutdown();
+
+  SDL_Log("Application exited normally");
+  return 0;
+}