d3d11 support

2019-03-10 13:44:02 +08:00 · 2019-03-10 13:44:02 +08:00 · 074af87127
parent 1f8b0bb058
commit 074af87127
60 changed files with 1741 additions and 1451 deletions
--- a/project/Box2DSample/main.cpp
+++ b/project/Box2DSample/main.cpp
@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ int main()
 	}
 	catch (std::exception& e)
 	{
-		::MessageBoxA(nullptr, e.what(), "An exception has occurred!", MB_ICONERROR | MB_TASKMODAL);
+		::MessageBoxA(nullptr, e.what(), "An exception has occurred!", MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
--- a/project/Easy2D/Easy2D.vcxproj
+++ b/project/Easy2D/Easy2D.vcxproj
@ -13,12 +13,10 @@
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\closure.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Color.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\config.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\d2dhelper.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\DebugNode.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Event.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\EventDispatcher.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\EventListener.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Factory.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Font.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Frames.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Application.h" />
@ -47,16 +45,20 @@
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Task.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\TaskManager.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Text.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\TextRenderer.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\TextStyle.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\time.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Transform.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Transition.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\window.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\D2DDeviceResources.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\D3D11DeviceResources.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\DeviceResources.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\helper.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\TextRenderer.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\easy2d.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\constants.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\ease.hpp" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\Matrix.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\Matrix.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\rand.h" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\Rect.hpp" />
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\scalar.hpp" />
@ -83,7 +85,6 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\DebugNode.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\EventDispatcher.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\EventListener.cpp" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Factory.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Frames.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Application.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Geometry.cpp" />
@ -102,11 +103,12 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Task.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\TaskManager.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Text.cpp" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\TextRenderer.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\time.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Transition.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\window.cpp" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\math\Matrix.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\dx\D2DDeviceResources.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\dx\D3D11DeviceResources.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\dx\TextRenderer.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\math\rand.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\ui\Button.cpp" />
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\ui\Menu.cpp" />
--- a/project/Easy2D/Easy2D.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/project/Easy2D/Easy2D.vcxproj.filters
@ -13,6 +13,9 @@
    <Filter Include="ui">
      <UniqueIdentifier>{07b6d541-4a1b-472a-aae0-daf9d082fe84}</UniqueIdentifier>
    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="dx">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{a9793a75-3212-4e31-a443-b23f18a1e136}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\easy2d.h" />
@ -64,9 +67,6 @@
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Text.h">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\TextRenderer.h">
-      <Filter>core</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\time.h">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
@ -154,9 +154,6 @@
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\constants.hpp">
      <Filter>math</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Factory.h">
-      <Filter>core</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\EventDispatcher.h">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
@ -169,9 +166,6 @@
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\helper.hpp">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\d2dhelper.hpp">
-      <Filter>core</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\keys.hpp">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
@ -208,9 +202,6 @@
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\ActionHelper.h">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\Matrix.h">
-      <Filter>math</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Array.h">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
@ -220,6 +211,24 @@
    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\core\Action.h">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\math\Matrix.hpp">
+      <Filter>math</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\D2DDeviceResources.h">
+      <Filter>dx</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\D3D11DeviceResources.h">
+      <Filter>dx</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\DeviceResources.h">
+      <Filter>dx</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\helper.hpp">
+      <Filter>dx</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\dx\TextRenderer.h">
+      <Filter>dx</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Animation.cpp">
@ -264,9 +273,6 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Text.cpp">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\TextRenderer.cpp">
-      <Filter>core</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\time.cpp">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
@ -327,9 +333,6 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Frames.cpp">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Factory.cpp">
-      <Filter>core</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\EventDispatcher.cpp">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
@ -351,11 +354,17 @@
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\ActionGroup.cpp">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\math\Matrix.cpp">
-      <Filter>math</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\core\Action.cpp">
      <Filter>core</Filter>
    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\dx\D2DDeviceResources.cpp">
+      <Filter>dx</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\dx\D3D11DeviceResources.cpp">
+      <Filter>dx</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\dx\TextRenderer.cpp">
+      <Filter>dx</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
  </ItemGroup>
 </Project>
--- a/project/HelloWorld/main.cpp
+++ b/project/HelloWorld/main.cpp
@ -13,9 +13,11 @@ public:
 	{
 		// 创建文字节点
 		easy2d::TextPtr text = new easy2d::Text(L"Hello Easy2D!");
-		// 修改节点位置
+		// 设置节点大小为文字布局大小
+		text->SetSize(text->GetLayoutSize());
+		// 修改节点位置, 使节点在屏幕上居中
 		text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2);
-		// 修改节点锚点, 使节点在屏幕上居中
+		// 修改节点锚点, 使文字中心对齐屏幕中心
 		text->SetAnchor(0.5, 0.5);
 		// 添加到场景中
 		this->AddChild(text);
@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ int main()
 	}
 	catch (std::exception& e)
 	{
-		::MessageBoxA(nullptr, e.what(), "An exception has occurred!", MB_ICONERROR | MB_TASKMODAL);
+		::MessageBoxA(nullptr, e.what(), "An exception has occurred!", MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
--- a/project/Samples/Demo1.h
+++ b/project/Samples/Demo1.h
@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ public:
 	{
 		// 创建文本
 		TextPtr text = new Text(L"Hello Easy2D!");
+		// 设置节点大小为文字布局大小
+		text->SetSize(text->GetLayoutSize());
 		// 让文本显示在屏幕中央
 		text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2);
 		text->SetAnchor(0.5, 0.5);
--- a/project/Samples/Demo2.h
+++ b/project/Samples/Demo2.h
@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ public:

 		// 创建说明文字
 		TextPtr text = new Text(L"按上下左右键移动\n按鼠标左键旋转\n点击鼠标右键隐藏");
+		// 设置节点大小为文字布局大小
+		text->SetSize(text->GetLayoutSize());
 		// 设置文字位置
 		text->SetAnchor(0.5f, 0.5f);
 		text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT - 50);
--- a/project/Samples/Demo3.h
+++ b/project/Samples/Demo3.h
@ -33,18 +33,15 @@ public:

 		// 创建说明文字
 		TextPtr intro_text = new Text(L"按上下键调整音量\n按空格键暂停或继续");
-		intro_text->SetAnchor(0.5f, 0.5f);
-		intro_text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2 - 50);
+		intro_text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2 - 80, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2 - 50);

 		// 创建音量文字
 		volume_text = new Text(L"当前音量：");
-		volume_text->SetAnchor(0.5f, 0.5f);
-		volume_text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2 + 30);
+		volume_text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2 - 80, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2 + 30);

 		// 创建状态文字
 		state_text = new Text(L"当前状态：");
-		state_text->SetAnchor(0.5f, 0.5f);
-		state_text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2 + 60);
+		state_text->SetPosition(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2 - 80, WINDOW_HEIGHT / 2 + 60);

 		// 添加到场景
 		this->AddChild(intro_text);
--- a/project/Samples/main.cpp
+++ b/project/Samples/main.cpp
@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ int main()
 	}
 	catch (std::exception& e)
 	{
-		::MessageBoxA(nullptr, e.what(), "An exception has occurred!", MB_ICONERROR | MB_TASKMODAL);
+		::MessageBoxA(nullptr, e.what(), "An exception has occurred!", MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);
 	}
 	return 0;
 }
--- a/src/core/Application.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Application.cpp
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include "Application.h"
 #include "logs.h"
 #include "modules.h"
-#include "Factory.h"
+#include "render.h"
 #include "Event.hpp"
 #include "Scene.h"
 #include "DebugNode.h"
@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 	Application::Application(String const& app_name)
 		: end_(true)
 		, inited_(false)
-		, debug_(false)
 		, curr_scene_(nullptr)
 		, next_scene_(nullptr)
 		, transition_(nullptr)
@ -56,44 +55,6 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void Application::Init(const Options& options)
 	{
-		debug_ = options.debug;
-
-		// show console if debug mode enabled
-		if (debug_ && !::GetConsoleWindow())
-		{
-			if (!::AllocConsole())
-			{
-				E2D_WARNING_LOG(L"AllocConsole failed");
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				HWND console = ::GetConsoleWindow();
-				FILE * dummy;
-				freopen_s(&dummy, "CONOUT$", "w+t", stdout);
-				freopen_s(&dummy, "CONIN$", "r+t", stdin);
-				freopen_s(&dummy, "CONOUT$", "w+t", stderr);
-				(void)dummy;
-
-				std::cout.clear();
-				std::wcout.clear();
-				std::cin.clear();
-				std::wcin.clear();
-				std::cerr.clear();
-				std::wcerr.clear();
-
-				// disable the close button of console
-				if (console)
-				{
-					HMENU hmenu = ::GetSystemMenu(console, FALSE);
-					::RemoveMenu(hmenu, SC_CLOSE, MF_BYCOMMAND);
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Factory::Instance().Init(debug_)
-		);
-
 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			Window::Instance().Init(
 				options.title,
@ -101,30 +62,26 @@ namespace easy2d
 				options.height,
 				options.icon,
 				options.fullscreen,
-				Application::WndProc,
-				debug_
+				Application::WndProc
 			)
 		);

 		HWND hwnd = Window::Instance().GetHandle();

 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			RenderSystem::Instance().Init(
-				hwnd,
-				options.vsync,
-				debug_
-			)
+			Renderer::Instance().Init(hwnd)
 		);

+		Renderer::Instance().SetClearColor(options.clear_color);
+
 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			Input::Instance().Init(
-				hwnd,
-				debug_
+				hwnd
 			)
 		);
 		
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Audio::Instance().Init(debug_)
+			Audio::Instance().Init()
 		);

 		OnStart();
@ -173,9 +130,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 			curr_scene_.Reset();

 			Audio::Instance().Destroy();
-			RenderSystem::Instance().Destroy();
+			Renderer::Instance().Destroy();
 			Window::Instance().Destroy();
-			Factory::Instance().Destroy();
 		}
 	}

@ -251,16 +207,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (next_scene_)
 			next_scene_->Update(dt);

-		if (debug_)
+		if (DebugNode::IsShown())
 			DebugNode::Instance().Update(dt);
 	}

 	void Application::Render(HWND hwnd)
 	{
-		auto& rt = RenderSystem::Instance();
-		
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			rt.BeginDraw(hwnd)
+			Renderer::Instance().BeginDraw()
 		);

 		if (transition_)
@ -272,16 +226,50 @@ namespace easy2d
 			curr_scene_->Render();
 		}

-		if (debug_)
+		if (DebugNode::IsShown())
 			DebugNode::Instance().Render();

 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			rt.EndDraw()
+			Renderer::Instance().EndDraw()
 		);

 		::InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, FALSE);
 	}

+	void Application::AllocConsole()
+	{
+		if (!::GetConsoleWindow())
+		{
+			if (!::AllocConsole())
+			{
+				E2D_WARNING_LOG(L"AllocConsole failed");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				HWND console = ::GetConsoleWindow();
+				FILE * dummy;
+				freopen_s(&dummy, "CONOUT$", "w+t", stdout);
+				freopen_s(&dummy, "CONIN$", "r+t", stdin);
+				freopen_s(&dummy, "CONOUT$", "w+t", stderr);
+				(void)dummy;
+
+				std::cout.clear();
+				std::wcout.clear();
+				std::cin.clear();
+				std::wcin.clear();
+				std::cerr.clear();
+				std::wcerr.clear();
+
+				// disable the close button of console
+				if (console)
+				{
+					HMENU hmenu = ::GetSystemMenu(console, FALSE);
+					::RemoveMenu(hmenu, SC_CLOSE, MF_BYCOMMAND);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	LRESULT CALLBACK Application::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lparam)
 	{
 		Application * app = reinterpret_cast<Application*>(
@ -363,10 +351,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			UINT width = LOWORD(lparam);
 			UINT height = HIWORD(lparam);

-			// 如果程序接收到一个 WM_SIZE 消息，这个方法将调整渲染
-			// 目标的大小。它可能会调用失败，但是这里可以忽略有可能的
-			// 错误，因为这个错误将在下一次调用 EndDraw 时产生
-			RenderSystem::Instance().Resize(width, height);
+			Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->SetLogicalSize(Size{ (float)width, (float)height });

 			if (SIZE_MAXHIDE == wparam || SIZE_MINIMIZED == wparam)
 			{
--- a/src/core/Application.h
+++ b/src/core/Application.h
@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include "include-forwards.h"
 #include "time.h"
 #include "window.h"
-#include "render.h"
 #include "input.h"
 #include "audio.h"

@ -30,22 +29,22 @@ namespace easy2d
 {
 	struct Options
 	{
-		String	title;		// 标题
-		int		width;		// 宽度
-		int		height;		// 高度
-		LPCWSTR	icon;		// 图标
-		bool	vsync;		// 垂直同步
-		bool	fullscreen;	// 全屏模式
-		bool	debug;		// 调试模式
+		String	title;				// 标题
+		int		width;				// 宽度
+		int		height;				// 高度
+		LPCWSTR	icon;				// 图标
+		Color	clear_color;		// 清屏颜色
+		bool	vsync;				// 垂直同步
+		bool	fullscreen;			// 全屏模式

 		Options()
 			: title(L"Easy2D Game")
 			, width(640)
 			, height(480)
 			, icon(nullptr)
+			, clear_color(Color::Black)
 			, vsync(true)
 			, fullscreen(false)
-			, debug(false)
 		{}
 	};

@ -105,6 +104,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 			float scale_factor
 		);

+		// 分配控制台
+		static void AllocConsole();
+
 	private:
 		void Render(HWND);

@ -115,7 +117,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 	private:
 		bool			end_;
 		bool			inited_;
-		bool			debug_;
 		float			time_scale_;
 		String			app_name_;
 		ScenePtr		curr_scene_;
--- a/src/core/Canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Canvas.cpp
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include "logs.h"
 #include "Image.h"
 #include "Geometry.h"
-#include "Factory.h"
+#include "render.h"

 namespace easy2d
 {
@ -31,37 +31,30 @@ namespace easy2d
 		: cache_expired_(false)
 		, stroke_width_(1.0f)
 	{
+		auto ctx = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DDeviceContext();
+
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			RenderSystem::Instance().CreateBitmapRenderTarget(render_target_)
+			ctx->CreateCompatibleRenderTarget(&render_target_)
 		);

-		auto properties = D2D1::BrushProperties();
 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			render_target_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
 				D2D1::ColorF(0, 0, 0, 0),
-				properties,
+				D2D1::BrushProperties(),
 				&fill_brush_)
 		);

 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			render_target_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
 				D2D1::ColorF(Color::White),
-				properties,
+				D2D1::BrushProperties(),
 				&stroke_brush_)
 		);

 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			render_target_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
-				D2D1::ColorF(Color::White),
-				properties,
-				&text_brush_)
-		);
-
-		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Factory::Instance().CreateTextRenderer(
-				text_renderer_,
-				render_target_,
-				text_brush_
+			ITextRenderer::Create(
+				&text_renderer_,
+				render_target_.Get()
 			)
 		);

@ -105,18 +98,18 @@ namespace easy2d
 		
 		if (bitmap_cached_)
 		{
-			RenderSystem::Instance().DrawBitmap(bitmap_cached_);
+			Renderer::Instance().DrawBitmap(bitmap_cached_);
 		}
 	}

 	void Canvas::SetStrokeColor(Color const& color)
 	{
-		stroke_brush_->SetColor(ToD2dColorF(color));
+		stroke_brush_->SetColor(DX::ConvertToColorF(color));
 	}

 	void Canvas::SetFillColor(Color const& color)
 	{
-		fill_brush_->SetColor(ToD2dColorF(color));
+		fill_brush_->SetColor(DX::ConvertToColorF(color));
 	}

 	void Canvas::SetStrokeWidth(float width)
@ -126,7 +119,7 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void Canvas::SetOutlineJoinStyle(StrokeStyle outline_join)
 	{
-		outline_join_style_ = Factory::Instance().GetStrokeStyle(outline_join);
+		outline_join_style_ = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetStrokeStyle(outline_join);
 	}

 	void Canvas::SetTextStyle(Font const& font, TextStyle const & text_style)
@ -135,12 +128,15 @@ namespace easy2d
 		text_style_ = text_style;

 		text_renderer_->SetTextStyle(
-			ToD2dColorF(text_style_.color),
+			DX::ConvertToColorF(text_style_.color),
 			text_style_.outline,
-			ToD2dColorF(text_style_.outline_color),
+			DX::ConvertToColorF(text_style_.outline_color),
 			text_style_.outline_width,
-			Factory::Instance().GetStrokeStyle(text_style_.outline_stroke).Get()
+			Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetStrokeStyle(text_style_.outline_stroke)
 		);
+
+		// clear text format
+		text_format_ = nullptr;
 	}

 	Color Canvas::GetStrokeColor() const
@ -162,7 +158,7 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void Canvas::SetBrushTransform(Matrix const & transform)
 	{
-		render_target_->SetTransform(transform);
+		render_target_->SetTransform(DX::ConvertToMatrix3x2F(transform));
 	}

 	void Canvas::DrawLine(const Point & begin, const Point & end)
@ -258,7 +254,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 				D2D1::RectF(0, 0, image->GetWidth(), image->GetHeight()),
 				opacity,
 				D2D1_BITMAP_INTERPOLATION_MODE_LINEAR,
-				ToD2dRectF(image->GetCropRect())
+				DX::ConvertToRectF(image->GetCropRect())
 			);
 			cache_expired_ = true;
 		}
@ -269,23 +265,25 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (text.empty())
 			return;

-		D2DTextFormatPtr text_format;
-		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Factory::Instance().CreateTextFormat(
-				text_format,
-				text_font_,
-				text_style_
-			)
-		);
+		if (!text_format_)
+		{
+			ThrowIfFailed(
+				Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->CreateTextFormat(
+					text_format_,
+					text_font_,
+					text_style_
+				)
+			);
+		}

-		D2DTextLayoutPtr text_layout;
+		ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> text_layout;
 		Size layout_size;
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Factory::Instance().CreateTextLayout(
+			Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->CreateTextLayout(
 				text_layout,
 				layout_size,
 				text,
-				text_format,
+				text_format_,
 				text_style_
 			)
 		);
@ -390,14 +388,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		current_geometry_ = nullptr;

 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Factory::Instance().CreatePathGeometry(current_geometry_)
+			Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DFactory()->CreatePathGeometry(&current_geometry_)
 		);
 		
 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			current_geometry_->Open(&current_sink_)
 		);

-		current_sink_->BeginFigure(ToD2dPoint2F(begin_pos), D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED);
+		current_sink_->BeginFigure(DX::ConvertToPoint2F(begin_pos), D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED);
 	}

 	void Canvas::EndPath(bool closed)
@ -415,7 +413,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	void Canvas::AddLine(Point const & point)
 	{
 		if (current_sink_)
-			current_sink_->AddLine(ToD2dPoint2F(point));
+			current_sink_->AddLine(DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point));
 	}

 	void Canvas::AddLines(Array<Point> const& points)
@ -435,9 +433,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 			current_sink_->AddBezier(
 				D2D1::BezierSegment(
-					ToD2dPoint2F(point1),
-					ToD2dPoint2F(point2),
-					ToD2dPoint2F(point3)
+					DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point1),
+					DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point2),
+					DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point3)
 				)
 			);
 		}
@ -449,8 +447,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 			current_sink_->AddArc(
 				D2D1::ArcSegment(
-					ToD2dPoint2F(point),
-					ToD2dSizeF(radius),
+					DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point),
+					DX::ConvertToSizeF(radius),
 					rotation,
 					clockwise ? D2D1_SWEEP_DIRECTION_CLOCKWISE : D2D1_SWEEP_DIRECTION_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
 					is_small ? D2D1_ARC_SIZE_SMALL : D2D1_ARC_SIZE_LARGE
@ -492,7 +490,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return image;
 	}

-	D2DBitmapPtr const& easy2d::Canvas::GetBitmap() const
+	ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const& easy2d::Canvas::GetBitmap() const
 	{
 		if (cache_expired_)
 		{
--- a/src/core/Canvas.h
+++ b/src/core/Canvas.h
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include "Node.h"
 #include "Font.hpp"
 #include "TextStyle.hpp"
-#include "TextRenderer.h"
+#include "../DX/TextRenderer.h"

 #undef DrawText

@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 {
 	// »²¼
 	class E2D_API Canvas
-		: public Node
+		: public VisualNode
 	{
 	public:
 		Canvas();
@ -221,22 +221,23 @@ namespace easy2d
 		void OnRender() override;

 	protected:
-		D2DBitmapPtr const& GetBitmap() const;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const& GetBitmap() const;

 	protected:
 		float						stroke_width_;
 		Font						text_font_;
 		TextStyle					text_style_;
-		D2DPathGeometryPtr			current_geometry_;
-		D2DGeometrySinkPtr			current_sink_;
-		D2DStrokeStylePtr			outline_join_style_;
-		D2DSolidColorBrushPtr		fill_brush_;
-		D2DSolidColorBrushPtr		stroke_brush_;
-		D2DSolidColorBrushPtr		text_brush_;
-		D2DTextRendererPtr			text_renderer_;
-		D2DBitmapRenderTargetPtr	render_target_;

-		mutable bool				cache_expired_;
-		mutable D2DBitmapPtr		bitmap_cached_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1PathGeometry>		current_geometry_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1GeometrySink>		current_sink_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>		outline_join_style_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1SolidColorBrush>	fill_brush_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1SolidColorBrush>	stroke_brush_;
+		ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat>		text_format_;
+		ComPtr<ITextRenderer>			text_renderer_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1BitmapRenderTarget>	render_target_;
+
+		mutable bool					cache_expired_;
+		mutable ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap>		bitmap_cached_;
 	};
 }
--- a/src/core/DebugNode.cpp
+++ b/src/core/DebugNode.cpp
@ -28,6 +28,11 @@

 namespace easy2d
 {
+	namespace
+	{
+		bool show = false;
+	}
+
 	DebugNode::DebugNode()
 	{
 		debug_text_ = new Text();
@ -67,16 +72,14 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void DebugNode::OnRender()
 	{
-		auto& rt = RenderSystem::Instance();
+		Renderer::Instance().GetSolidColorBrush()->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f));

-		rt.GetSolidBrush()->SetColor(D2D1::ColorF(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f));
-
-		rt.GetRenderTarget()->FillRoundedRectangle(
+		Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DDeviceContext()->FillRoundedRectangle(
 			D2D1::RoundedRect(
 				D2D1_RECT_F{ 10, 10, 200, 120 },
 				6.f,
 				6.f),
-			rt.GetSolidBrush().Get()
+			Renderer::Instance().GetSolidColorBrush()
 		);
 	}

@ -105,9 +108,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 		ss << "Objects: " << Object::__GetTracingObjects().size() << std::endl;
 #endif

-		ss << "Render: " << RenderSystem::Instance().GetStatus().duration.Milliseconds() << "ms" << std::endl;
+		ss << "Render: " << Renderer::Instance().GetStatus().duration.Milliseconds() << "ms" << std::endl;

-		ss << "Primitives / sec: " << RenderSystem::Instance().GetStatus().primitives * frame_time_.size() << std::endl;
+		ss << "Primitives / sec: " << Renderer::Instance().GetStatus().primitives * frame_time_.size() << std::endl;

 		PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS_EX pmc;
 		GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), (PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS*)&pmc, sizeof(pmc));
@ -119,4 +122,19 @@ namespace easy2d
 		debug_text_->SetText(ss.str());
 	}

+	void DebugNode::Show()
+	{
+		show = true;
+	}
+
+	void DebugNode::Hide()
+	{
+		show = false;
+	}
+
+	bool DebugNode::IsShown()
+	{
+		return show;
+	}
+
 }
--- a/src/core/DebugNode.h
+++ b/src/core/DebugNode.h
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 namespace easy2d
 {
 	class E2D_API DebugNode
-		: public Node
+		: public VisualNode
 		, public Singleton<DebugNode>
 	{
 		E2D_DECLARE_SINGLETON(DebugNode);
@ -36,6 +36,12 @@ namespace easy2d

 		virtual ~DebugNode();

+		// 显示调试信息
+		void Show();
+
+		// 隐藏调试信息
+		void Hide();
+
 		void AddDebugText(String const& text);

 		void ClearDebugText();
@ -44,6 +50,8 @@ namespace easy2d

 		void OnUpdate(Duration dt) override;

+		static bool IsShown();
+
 	protected:
 		TextPtr				debug_text_;
 		Array<TimePoint>	frame_time_;
--- a/src/core/Factory.h
+++ b/src/core/Factory.h
@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
-// 
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-// 
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-// 
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-#pragma once
-#include "include-forwards.h"
-#include "Singleton.hpp"
-#include "Font.hpp"
-#include "Resource.h"
-#include "TextRenderer.h"
-#include "TextStyle.hpp"
-
-namespace easy2d
-{
-	class E2D_API Factory
-		: public Singleton<Factory>
-	{
-		E2D_DECLARE_SINGLETON(Factory);
-
-	public:
-		HRESULT Init(bool debug);
-
-		void Destroy();
-
-		HRESULT CreateHwndRenderTarget(
-			_Out_ D2DHwndRenderTargetPtr& hwnd_render_target,
-			D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES const& properties,
-			D2D1_HWND_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES const& hwnd_rt_properties
-		) const;
-
-		HRESULT CreateTextRenderer(
-			_Out_ D2DTextRendererPtr& text_renderer,
-			D2DRenderTargetPtr const& render_target,
-			D2DSolidColorBrushPtr const& brush
-		);
-
-		HRESULT CreateBitmapFromFile(
-			_Out_ D2DBitmapPtr& bitmap,
-			D2DRenderTargetPtr const& rt,
-			String const& file_path
-		);
-
-		HRESULT CreateBitmapFromResource(
-			_Out_ D2DBitmapPtr& bitmap,
-			D2DRenderTargetPtr const& rt,
-			Resource const& res
-		);
-
-		HRESULT CreateRectangleGeometry(
-			_Out_ D2DRectangleGeometryPtr& geo,
-			Rect const& rect
-		) const;
-
-		HRESULT CreateRoundedRectangleGeometry(
-			_Out_ D2DRoundedRectangleGeometryPtr& geo,
-			Rect const& rect,
-			float radius_x,
-			float radius_y
-		) const;
-
-		HRESULT CreateEllipseGeometry(
-			_Out_ D2DEllipseGeometryPtr& geo,
-			Point const& center,
-			float radius_x,
-			float radius_y
-		) const;
-
-		HRESULT CreateTransformedGeometry(
-			_Out_ D2DTransformedGeometryPtr& transformed,
-			Matrix const& matrix,
-			D2DGeometryPtr const& geo
-		) const;
-
-		HRESULT CreatePathGeometry(
-			_Out_ D2DPathGeometryPtr& geometry
-		) const;
-
-		HRESULT CreateTextFormat(
-			_Out_ D2DTextFormatPtr& text_format,
-			Font const& font,
-			TextStyle const& text_style
-		) const;
-
-		HRESULT CreateTextLayout(
-			_Out_ D2DTextLayoutPtr& text_layout,
-			_Out_ Size& layout_size,
-			String const& text,
-			D2DTextFormatPtr const& text_format,
-			TextStyle const& text_style
-		) const;
-
-		D2DStrokeStylePtr const& GetStrokeStyle(
-			StrokeStyle stroke
-		) const;
-
-	protected:
-		Factory();
-
-		~Factory();
-
-	protected:
-		D2DFactoryPtr			factory_;
-		D2DImagingFactoryPtr	imaging_factory_;
-		D2DWriteFactoryPtr		write_factory_;
-		D2DStrokeStylePtr		miter_stroke_style_;
-		D2DStrokeStylePtr		bevel_stroke_style_;
-		D2DStrokeStylePtr		round_stroke_style_;
-	};
-}
--- a/src/core/Geometry.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Geometry.cpp
@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.

 #include "Geometry.h"
-#include "Factory.h"
 #include "render.h"
 #include "logs.h"

@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		BOOL ret = 0;
 		// no matter it failed or not
 		geo_->FillContainsPoint(
-			ToD2dPoint2F(point),
+			DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point),
 			D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Identity(),
 			&ret
 		);
@ -126,10 +125,10 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void LineGeometry::SetLine(Point const & begin, Point const & end)
 	{
-		D2DPathGeometryPtr path_geo;
-		D2DGeometrySinkPtr path_sink;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1PathGeometry> path_geo;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1GeometrySink> path_sink;

-		HRESULT hr = Factory::Instance().CreatePathGeometry(path_geo);
+		HRESULT hr = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DFactory()->CreatePathGeometry(&path_geo);

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
@ -138,8 +137,8 @@ namespace easy2d

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			path_sink->BeginFigure(ToD2dPoint2F(begin), D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED);
-			path_sink->AddLine(ToD2dPoint2F(end));
+			path_sink->BeginFigure(DX::ConvertToPoint2F(begin), D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED);
+			path_sink->AddLine(DX::ConvertToPoint2F(end));
 			path_sink->EndFigure(D2D1_FIGURE_END_OPEN);
 			hr = path_sink->Close();
 		}
@ -185,8 +184,10 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void RectangleGeometry::SetRect(Rect const & rect)
 	{
-		D2DRectangleGeometryPtr geo;
-		if (SUCCEEDED(Factory::Instance().CreateRectangleGeometry(geo, rect)))
+		ComPtr<ID2D1RectangleGeometry> geo;
+		auto factory = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DFactory();
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(factory->CreateRectangleGeometry(DX::ConvertToRectF(rect), &geo)))
 		{
 			geo_ = geo;
 			rect_ = rect;
@ -224,8 +225,15 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void CircleGeometry::SetCircle(Point const & center, float radius)
 	{
-		D2DEllipseGeometryPtr geo;
-		if (SUCCEEDED(Factory::Instance().CreateEllipseGeometry(geo, center, radius, radius)))
+		ComPtr<ID2D1EllipseGeometry> geo;
+		auto factory = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DFactory();
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(factory->CreateEllipseGeometry(
+			D2D1::Ellipse(
+				DX::ConvertToPoint2F(center),
+				radius,
+				radius),
+			&geo)))
 		{
 			geo_ = geo;
 			center_ = center;
@ -265,8 +273,15 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void EllipseGeometry::SetEllipse(Point const & center, float radius_x, float radius_y)
 	{
-		D2DEllipseGeometryPtr geo;
-		if (SUCCEEDED(Factory::Instance().CreateEllipseGeometry(geo, center, radius_x, radius_y)))
+		ComPtr<ID2D1EllipseGeometry> geo;
+		auto factory = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DFactory();
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(factory->CreateEllipseGeometry(
+			D2D1::Ellipse(
+				DX::ConvertToPoint2F(center),
+				radius_x,
+				radius_y),
+			&geo)))
 		{
 			geo_ = geo;
 			radius_x_ = radius_x;
@ -291,15 +306,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		current_geometry_ = nullptr;

+		auto factory = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DFactory();
+
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Factory::Instance().CreatePathGeometry(current_geometry_)
+			factory->CreatePathGeometry(&current_geometry_)
 		);

 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			current_geometry_->Open(&current_sink_)
 		);

-		current_sink_->BeginFigure(ToD2dPoint2F(begin_pos), D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED);
+		current_sink_->BeginFigure(DX::ConvertToPoint2F(begin_pos), D2D1_FIGURE_BEGIN_FILLED);
 	}

 	void PathGeometry::EndPath(bool closed)
@ -321,7 +338,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	void PathGeometry::AddLine(Point const & point)
 	{
 		if (current_sink_)
-			current_sink_->AddLine(ToD2dPoint2F(point));
+			current_sink_->AddLine(DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point));
 	}

 	void PathGeometry::AddLines(Array<Point> const& points)
@ -341,9 +358,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 			current_sink_->AddBezier(
 				D2D1::BezierSegment(
-					ToD2dPoint2F(point1),
-					ToD2dPoint2F(point2),
-					ToD2dPoint2F(point3)
+					DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point1),
+					DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point2),
+					DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point3)
 				)
 			);
 		}
@ -355,8 +372,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 			current_sink_->AddArc(
 				D2D1::ArcSegment(
-					ToD2dPoint2F(point),
-					ToD2dSizeF(radius),
+					DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point),
+					DX::ConvertToSizeF(radius),
 					rotation,
 					clockwise ? D2D1_SWEEP_DIRECTION_CLOCKWISE : D2D1_SWEEP_DIRECTION_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE,
 					is_small ? D2D1_ARC_SIZE_SMALL : D2D1_ARC_SIZE_LARGE
@ -404,8 +421,16 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void RoundedRectGeometry::SetRoundedRect(Rect const & rect, float radius_x, float radius_y)
 	{
-		D2DRoundedRectangleGeometryPtr geo;
-		if (SUCCEEDED(Factory::Instance().CreateRoundedRectangleGeometry(geo, rect, radius_x, radius_y)))
+		ComPtr<ID2D1RoundedRectangleGeometry> geo;
+		auto factory = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->GetD2DFactory();
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(factory->CreateRoundedRectangleGeometry(
+			D2D1::RoundedRect(
+				DX::ConvertToRectF(rect),
+				radius_x,
+				radius_y
+			),
+			&geo)))
 		{
 			geo_ = geo;
 			rect_ = rect;
--- a/src/core/Geometry.h
+++ b/src/core/Geometry.h
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		float ComputeArea();

 	protected:
-		D2DGeometryPtr geo_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Geometry> geo_;
 	};


@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		void ClearPath();

 	protected:
-		D2DPathGeometryPtr	current_geometry_;
-		D2DGeometrySinkPtr	current_sink_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1PathGeometry>	current_geometry_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1GeometrySink>	current_sink_;
 	};


--- a/src/core/GeometryNode.cpp
+++ b/src/core/GeometryNode.cpp
@ -70,14 +70,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		if (geometry_ && geometry_->geo_)
 		{
-			auto& rt = RenderSystem::Instance();
-
-			rt.FillGeometry(
-				geometry_->geo_,
+			Renderer::Instance().FillGeometry(
+				geometry_->geo_.Get(),
 				fill_color_
 			);

-			rt.DrawGeometry(
+			Renderer::Instance().DrawGeometry(
 				geometry_->geo_,
 				stroke_color_,
 				stroke_width_,
--- a/src/core/GeometryNode.h
+++ b/src/core/GeometryNode.h
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 {
 	// 섯부暠近
 	class E2D_API GeometryNode
-		: public Node
+		: public VisualNode
 	{
 	public:
 		GeometryNode();
--- a/src/core/Image.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Image.cpp
@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.

 #include "Image.h"
-#include "render.h"
 #include "logs.h"
+#include "render.h"
 #include "../utils/File.h"
 #include "../utils/string.h"

@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		this->Crop(crop_rect);
 	}

-	Image::Image(D2DBitmapPtr const & bitmap)
+	Image::Image(ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const & bitmap)
 		: Image()
 	{
 		SetBitmap(bitmap);
@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	bool Image::Load(Resource const& res)
 	{
 		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
-		D2DBitmapPtr bitmap;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> bitmap;

 		if (res.IsFileType())
 		{
@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 				E2D_WARNING_LOG(L"Image file '%s' not found!", res.GetFileName().c_str());
 				return false;
 			}
-			hr = RenderSystem::Instance().CreateBitmapFromFile(bitmap, res.GetFileName());
+			hr = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->CreateBitmapFromFile(bitmap, res.GetFileName());
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			hr = RenderSystem::Instance().CreateBitmapFromResource(bitmap, res);
+			hr = Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->CreateBitmapFromResource(bitmap, res);
 		}

 		if (FAILED(hr))
@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return crop_rect_;
 	}

-	D2DBitmapPtr const& Image::GetBitmap() const
+	ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const& Image::GetBitmap() const
 	{
 		return bitmap_;
 	}

-	void Image::SetBitmap(D2DBitmapPtr const & bitmap)
+	void Image::SetBitmap(ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const & bitmap)
 	{
 		if (bitmap)
 		{
--- a/src/core/Image.h
+++ b/src/core/Image.h
@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);

 		explicit Image(
-			D2DBitmapPtr const& bitmap
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const& bitmap
 		);

 		virtual ~Image();
@ -89,15 +89,15 @@ namespace easy2d
 		// »ñÈ¡²Ã¼ô¾ØÐÎ
 		Rect const& GetCropRect() const;

-		D2DBitmapPtr const& GetBitmap() const;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const& GetBitmap() const;

 	protected:
 		void SetBitmap(
-			D2DBitmapPtr const& bitmap
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const& bitmap
 		);

 	protected:
 		Rect			crop_rect_;
-		D2DBitmapPtr	bitmap_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap>	bitmap_;
 	};
 }
--- a/src/core/Input.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Input.cpp
@ -37,10 +37,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}

-	HRESULT Input::Init(HWND hwnd, bool debug)
+	HRESULT Input::Init(HWND hwnd)
 	{
-		E2D_NOT_USED(debug);
-
 		hwnd_ = hwnd;

 		return S_OK;
--- a/src/core/Input.h
+++ b/src/core/Input.h
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		// 資誼報炎恫炎
 		Point GetMousePos();

-		HRESULT Init(HWND hwnd, bool debug);
+		HRESULT Init(HWND hwnd);

 		void Update();

--- a/src/core/Node.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Node.cpp
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@

 #include "Node.h"
 #include "Action.h"
-#include "Factory.h"
 #include "Scene.h"
 #include "Task.h"
 #include "render.h"
@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ namespace easy2d

 	Node::Node()
 		: visible_(true)
-		, pause_(false)
+		, update_pausing_(false)
 		, hover_(false)
 		, pressed_(false)
 		, responsible_(false)
@ -59,7 +58,7 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void Node::Update(Duration dt)
 	{
-		if (pause_)
+		if (update_pausing_)
 			return;

 		UpdateActions(this, dt);
@ -88,13 +87,9 @@ namespace easy2d

 		UpdateTransform();

-		auto& rt = RenderSystem::Instance();
-
 		if (children_.IsEmpty())
 		{
-			rt.SetTransform(transform_matrix_);
-			rt.SetOpacity(display_opacity_);
-
+			PrepareRender();
 			OnRender();
 		}
 		else
@ -110,9 +105,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 				child = child->NextItem().Get();
 			}

-			rt.SetTransform(transform_matrix_);
-			rt.SetOpacity(display_opacity_);
-
+			PrepareRender();
 			OnRender();

 			while (child)
@ -184,16 +177,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 		EventDispatcher::Dispatch(evt);
 	}

-	void Node::PauseUpdating()
-	{
-		pause_ = true;
-	}
-
-	void Node::ResumeUpdating()
-	{
-		pause_ = false;
-	}
-
 	Matrix const & Node::GetTransformMatrix()  const
 	{
 		UpdateTransform();
@ -607,4 +590,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 		Point local = GetTransformInverseMatrix().Transform(point);
 		return GetBounds().ContainsPoint(local);
 	}
+
+
+	void VisualNode::PrepareRender()
+	{
+		Renderer::Instance().SetTransform(transform_matrix_);
+		Renderer::Instance().SetOpacity(display_opacity_);
+	}
+
 }
--- a/src/core/Node.h
+++ b/src/core/Node.h
@ -344,13 +344,13 @@ namespace easy2d
 		void RemoveFromParent();

 		// 暂停节点更新
-		void PauseUpdating();
+		inline void PauseUpdating()									{ update_pausing_ = true; }

 		// 继续节点更新
-		void ResumeUpdating();
+		inline void ResumeUpdating()								{ update_pausing_ = false; }

 		// 节点更新是否暂停
-		inline bool IsUpdatePausing() const							{ return pause_; }
+		inline bool IsUpdatePausing() const							{ return update_pausing_; }

 		// 设置更新时的回调函数
 		inline void SetCallbackOnUpdate(UpdateCallback const& cb)	{ cb_update_ = cb; }
@ -365,6 +365,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);

 	protected:
+		virtual void PrepareRender() {}
+
 		void Update(Duration dt);

 		void Render();
@ -380,7 +382,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		bool		hover_;
 		bool		pressed_;
 		bool		responsible_;
-		bool		pause_;
+		bool		update_pausing_;
 		int			z_order_;
 		float		opacity_;
 		float		display_opacity_;
@ -398,4 +400,13 @@ namespace easy2d
 		mutable Matrix	transform_matrix_;
 		mutable Matrix	transform_matrix_inverse_;
 	};
+
+
+	class E2D_API VisualNode
+		: public Node
+	{
+	public:
+		virtual void PrepareRender() override;
+	};
+
 }
--- a/src/core/Scene.h
+++ b/src/core/Scene.h
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 {
 	// ³¡¾°
 	class E2D_API Scene
-		: public Node
+		: public VisualNode
 	{
 	public:
 		Scene();
--- a/src/core/Sprite.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Sprite.cpp
@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		if (image_)
 		{
-			RenderSystem::Instance().DrawImage(image_, GetBounds());
+			Renderer::Instance().DrawImage(image_, GetBounds());
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/src/core/Sprite.h
+++ b/src/core/Sprite.h
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 {
 	// ¾«Áé
 	class E2D_API Sprite
-		: public Node
+		: public VisualNode
 	{
 	public:
 		Sprite();
--- a/src/core/Text.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Text.cpp
@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.

 #include "Text.h"
-#include "Factory.h"
 #include "render.h"
-#include "include-forwards.h"
 #include "logs.h"

 namespace easy2d
@ -45,6 +43,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	Text::Text()
 		: font_(text_default_font)
 		, style_(text_default_style)
+		, layout_dirty_(false)
 	{
 	}

@ -67,8 +66,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		: font_(font)
 		, style_(style)
 		, text_(text)
+		, layout_dirty_(true)
 	{
-		UpdateLayout();
 	}

 	Text::~Text()
@ -127,6 +126,7 @@ namespace easy2d

 	int Text::GetLineCount()
 	{
+		UpdateLayout();
 		if (text_layout_)
 		{
 			DWRITE_TEXT_METRICS metrics;
@ -138,6 +138,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return 0;
 	}

+	Size const& Text::GetLayoutSize() const
+	{
+		UpdateLayout();
+		return layout_size_;
+	}
+
 	bool Text::IsItalic() const
 	{
 		return font_.italic;
@ -161,19 +167,19 @@ namespace easy2d
 	void Text::SetText(String const& text)
 	{
 		text_ = text;
-		UpdateLayout();
+		layout_dirty_ = true;
 	}

 	void Text::SetStyle(const TextStyle& style)
 	{
 		style_ = style;
-		UpdateLayout();
+		layout_dirty_ = true;
 	}

 	void Text::SetFont(const Font & font)
 	{
 		font_ = font;
-		UpdateLayout();
+		layout_dirty_ = true;
 	}

 	void Text::SetFontFamily(String const& family)
@ -181,7 +187,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (font_.family != family)
 		{
 			font_.family = family;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -190,7 +196,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (font_.size != size)
 		{
 			font_.size = size;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -199,7 +205,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (font_.weight != weight)
 		{
 			font_.weight = weight;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -213,7 +219,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (font_.italic != val)
 		{
 			font_.italic = val;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (style_.wrap != wrap)
 		{
 			style_.wrap = wrap;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -231,7 +237,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (style_.wrap_width != wrap_width)
 		{
 			style_.wrap_width = std::max(wrap_width, 0.f);
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -240,7 +246,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (style_.line_spacing != line_spacing)
 		{
 			style_.line_spacing = line_spacing;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -249,7 +255,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (style_.alignment != align)
 		{
 			style_.alignment = align;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -258,7 +264,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (style_.underline != underline)
 		{
 			style_.underline = underline;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -267,7 +273,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (style_.strikethrough != strikethrough)
 		{
 			style_.strikethrough = strikethrough;
-			UpdateLayout();
+			layout_dirty_ = true;
 		}
 	}

@ -293,22 +299,27 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void Text::OnRender()
 	{
+		UpdateLayout();
+
 		if (text_layout_)
 		{
-			auto& rt = RenderSystem::Instance();
-			rt.SetTextStyle(
+			Renderer::Instance().SetTextStyle(
 				style_.color,
 				style_.outline,
 				style_.outline_color,
 				style_.outline_width,
 				style_.outline_stroke
 			);
-			rt.DrawTextLayout(text_layout_);
+			Renderer::Instance().DrawTextLayout(text_layout_);
 		}
 	}

-	void Text::UpdateLayout()
+	void Text::UpdateLayout() const
 	{
+		if (!layout_dirty_)
+			return;
+
+		layout_dirty_ = false;
 		text_format_ = nullptr;
 		text_layout_ = nullptr;

@ -316,24 +327,21 @@ namespace easy2d
 			return;

 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Factory::Instance().CreateTextFormat(
+			Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->CreateTextFormat(
 				text_format_,
 				font_,
 				style_
 			)
 		);

-		Size layout_size;
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Factory::Instance().CreateTextLayout(
+			Renderer::Instance().GetDeviceResources()->CreateTextLayout(
 				text_layout_,
-				layout_size,
+				layout_size_,
 				text_,
 				text_format_,
 				style_
 			)
 		);
-
-		this->SetSize(layout_size);
 	}
 }
--- a/src/core/Text.h
+++ b/src/core/Text.h
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 {
 	// 文本
 	class E2D_API Text
-		: public Node
+		: public VisualNode
 	{
 	public:
 		Text();
@ -87,6 +87,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 		// 获取文本显示行数
 		int GetLineCount();

+		// 获取文字布局大小
+		Size const& GetLayoutSize() const;
+
 		// 是否是斜体
 		bool IsItalic() const;

@ -202,13 +205,16 @@ namespace easy2d
 		void OnRender() override;

 	protected:
-		void UpdateLayout();
+		void UpdateLayout() const;

 	protected:
-		String			text_;
-		Font			font_;
-		TextStyle		style_;
-		D2DTextFormatPtr	text_format_;
-		D2DTextLayoutPtr	text_layout_;
+		String		text_;
+		Font		font_;
+		TextStyle	style_;
+
+		mutable bool layout_dirty_;
+		mutable Size layout_size_;
+		mutable ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat>	text_format_;
+		mutable ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout>	text_layout_;
 	};
 }
--- a/src/core/Transform.hpp
+++ b/src/core/Transform.hpp
@ -19,11 +19,11 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.

 #pragma once
-#include "helper.hpp"
+#include "../math/Matrix.hpp"

 namespace easy2d
 {
-	class E2D_API Transform
+	class Transform
 	{
 	public:
 		float rotation;		// Ðý×ª
--- a/src/core/Transition.cpp
+++ b/src/core/Transition.cpp
@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (in_scene_)
 		{
 			ThrowIfFailed(
-				RenderSystem::Instance().CreateLayer(in_layer_)
+				Renderer::Instance().CreateLayer(in_layer_)
 			);
 		}

 		if (out_scene_)
 		{
 			ThrowIfFailed(
-				RenderSystem::Instance().CreateLayer(out_layer_)
+				Renderer::Instance().CreateLayer(out_layer_)
 			);
 		}

@ -101,34 +101,34 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void Transition::Render()
 	{
-		auto& rt = RenderSystem::Instance();
+		auto& renderer = Renderer::Instance();

 		if (out_scene_)
 		{
-			rt.PushClip(
+			renderer.PushClip(
 				out_scene_->GetTransformMatrix(),
 				window_size_
 			);
-			rt.PushLayer(out_layer_, out_layer_prop_);
+			renderer.PushLayer(out_layer_, out_layer_prop_);

 			out_scene_->Render();

-			rt.PopLayer();
-			rt.PopClip();
+			renderer.PopLayer();
+			renderer.PopClip();
 		}

 		if (in_scene_)
 		{
-			rt.PushClip(
+			renderer.PushClip(
 				in_scene_->GetTransformMatrix(),
 				window_size_
 			);
-			rt.PushLayer(in_layer_, in_layer_prop_);
+			renderer.PushLayer(in_layer_, in_layer_prop_);

 			in_scene_->Render();

-			rt.PopLayer();
-			rt.PopClip();
+			renderer.PopLayer();
+			renderer.PopClip();
 		}
 	}

--- a/src/core/Transition.h
+++ b/src/core/Transition.h
@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		Size			window_size_;
 		ScenePtr			out_scene_;
 		ScenePtr			in_scene_;
-		D2DLayerPtr			out_layer_;
-		D2DLayerPtr			in_layer_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Layer>			out_layer_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Layer>			in_layer_;
 		LayerProperties out_layer_prop_;
 		LayerProperties in_layer_prop_;
 	};
--- a/src/core/audio.cpp
+++ b/src/core/audio.cpp
@ -169,10 +169,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}

-	HRESULT Audio::Init(bool debug)
+	HRESULT Audio::Init()
 	{
-		E2D_NOT_USED(debug);
-
 		E2D_LOG(L"Initing audio resources");

 		HRESULT hr = modules::MediaFoundation::Get().MFStartup(MF_VERSION, MFSTARTUP_FULL);
@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			mastering_voice_ = nullptr;
 		}

-		SafeRelease(x_audio2_);
+		DX::SafeRelease(x_audio2_);

 		modules::MediaFoundation::Get().MFShutdown();
 	}
--- a/src/core/audio.h
+++ b/src/core/audio.h
@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		using VoiceMap = UnorderedSet<Voice*>;

 	public:
-		HRESULT Init(bool debug);
+		HRESULT Init();

 		void Destroy();

--- a/src/core/d2dhelper.hpp
+++ b/src/core/d2dhelper.hpp
@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
-// 
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-// 
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-// 
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-#pragma once
-#include "IntrusivePtr.hpp"
-#include "../math/vector.hpp"
-#include "../math/Rect.hpp"
-#include "Color.h"
-#include <d2d1.h>
-#include <dwrite.h>
-
-#ifndef E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR
-#define E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(class_name, sp_name)\
-	using sp_name = ::easy2d::IntrusivePtr< class_name >
-#endif
-
-
-namespace easy2d
-{
-	// "D2DPtr" is a shorthand for "COM Pointer"
-
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1Factory, D2DFactoryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(IWICImagingFactory, D2DImagingFactoryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(IDWriteFactory, D2DWriteFactoryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1SolidColorBrush, D2DSolidColorBrushPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1RenderTarget, D2DRenderTargetPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1HwndRenderTarget, D2DHwndRenderTargetPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1BitmapRenderTarget, D2DBitmapRenderTargetPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1StrokeStyle, D2DStrokeStylePtr);
-
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1Geometry, D2DGeometryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1RectangleGeometry, D2DRectangleGeometryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1RoundedRectangleGeometry, D2DRoundedRectangleGeometryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1EllipseGeometry, D2DEllipseGeometryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1GeometryGroup, D2DGeometryGroupPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1PathGeometry, D2DPathGeometryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1TransformedGeometry, D2DTransformedGeometryPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1GeometrySink, D2DGeometrySinkPtr);
-
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1Layer, D2DLayerPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(ID2D1Bitmap, D2DBitmapPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(IDWriteTextFormat, D2DTextFormatPtr);
-	E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(IDWriteTextLayout, D2DTextLayoutPtr);
-
-	inline void IntrusivePtrAddRef(IUnknown* ptr)
-	{
-		if (ptr) { ptr->AddRef(); }
-	}
-
-	inline void IntrusivePtrRelease(IUnknown* ptr)
-	{
-		if (ptr) { ptr->Release(); }
-	}
-
-	template <typename T>
-	inline void SafeRelease(T*& ptr)
-	{
-		if (ptr != nullptr)
-		{
-			ptr->Release();
-			ptr = nullptr;
-		}
-	}
-
-	inline D2D1_POINT_2F const& ToD2dPoint2F(math::Vec2 const& point)
-	{
-		return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_POINT_2F const&>(point);
-	}
-
-	inline D2D1_SIZE_F const& ToD2dSizeF(math::Vec2 const& size)
-	{
-		return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_SIZE_F const&>(size);
-	}
-
-	inline D2D1_RECT_F ToD2dRectF(math::Rect const& rect)
-	{
-		return D2D1_RECT_F{ rect.origin.x, rect.origin.y, rect.origin.x + rect.size.x, rect.origin.y + rect.size.y };
-	}
-
-	inline D2D1_COLOR_F const& ToD2dColorF(Color const& color)
-	{
-		return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_COLOR_F const&>(color);
-	}
-}
--- a/src/core/helper.hpp
+++ b/src/core/helper.hpp
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include "closure.hpp"
 #include "../math/vector.hpp"
 #include "../math/Rect.hpp"
-#include "../math/Matrix.h"
+#include "../math/Matrix.hpp"
 #include <set>
 #include <map>
 #include <list>
@ -72,8 +72,6 @@ namespace easy2d

 namespace easy2d
 {
-	// "Ptr" is a shorthand for "Smart Pointer"
-
 	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Object);
 	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Image);
 	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Music);
--- a/src/core/include-forwards.h
+++ b/src/core/include-forwards.h
@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 #include "Color.h"
 #include "Object.h"
 #include "helper.hpp"
-#include "d2dhelper.hpp"
+#include "../DX/helper.hpp"

 namespace easy2d
 {
--- a/src/core/logs.h
+++ b/src/core/logs.h
@ -97,7 +97,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (FAILED(hr))
 		{
 			E2D_ERROR_LOG(L"Fatal error with HRESULT of %08X", hr);
-			throw std::runtime_error("Fatal error");
+
+			static char buffer[1024 + 1];
+			sprintf_s(buffer, "Fatal error with HRESULT of %08X", hr);
+			throw std::runtime_error(buffer);
 		}
 	}
 }
--- a/src/core/modules.cpp
+++ b/src/core/modules.cpp
@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 			{
 				E2D_LOG(L"load dwrite.dll failed");
 			}
+
+			d3d11 = LoadLibraryW(L"d3d11.dll");
+			if (d3d11)
+			{
+				D3D11CreateDevice = (PFN_D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE)
+					GetProcAddress(d3d11, "D3D11CreateDevice");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				E2D_LOG(L"load d3d11.dll failed");
+			}
 		}

 		XAudio2::XAudio2()
--- a/src/core/modules.h
+++ b/src/core/modules.h
@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <mfapi.h>
 #include <mfidl.h>
 #include <mfreadwrite.h>
+#include <d3d11.h>

 namespace easy2d
 {
@ -57,6 +58,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 			DirectX();

+			HMODULE d3d11;
 			HMODULE d2d;
 			HMODULE dwrite;

@ -73,6 +75,7 @@ namespace easy2d

 			PFN_D2D1CreateFactory D2D1CreateFactory;
 			PFN_DWriteCreateFactory DWriteCreateFactory;
+			PFN_D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE D3D11CreateDevice;
 		};


--- a/src/core/render.cpp
+++ b/src/core/render.cpp
@ -20,220 +20,233 @@

 #include "render.h"
 #include "logs.h"
-#include "Factory.h"
+#include "render.h"
 #include "Image.h"
 #include "Transform.hpp"

 namespace easy2d
 {
-	RenderSystem::RenderSystem()
-		: fps_text_format_(nullptr)
-		, fps_text_layout_(nullptr)
+	Renderer::Renderer()
+		: antialias_(true)
+		, text_antialias_(TextAntialias::ClearType)
 		, clear_color_(D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black))
 		, opacity_(1.f)
-		, debug_(false)
-		, window_occluded_(false)
-		, vsync_enabled_(true)
-		, antialias_(true)
-		, text_antialias_(TextAntialias::ClearType)
+	{
+		status_.primitives = 0;
+	}
+
+	Renderer::~Renderer()
 	{
 	}

-	RenderSystem::~RenderSystem()
+	HRESULT Renderer::Init(HWND hwnd)
 	{
+		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+		E2D_LOG(L"Creating device resources");
+		
+		{
+			device_resources_ = nullptr;
+			hr = DeviceResources::Create(
+				&device_resources_,
+				hwnd
+			);
+		}
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			factory_ = device_resources_->GetD2DFactory();
+			device_context_ = device_resources_->GetD2DDeviceContext();
+		}
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			drawing_state_block_ = nullptr;
+			hr = factory_->CreateDrawingStateBlock(
+				&drawing_state_block_
+			);
+		}
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			hr = CreateDeviceResources();
+		}
+		return hr;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::Init(HWND hwnd, bool vsync, bool debug)
+	void Renderer::Destroy()
 	{
-		E2D_LOG(L"Initing graphics resources");
-
-		vsync_enabled_ = vsync;
-		debug_ = debug;
-
-		return CreateResources(hwnd);
-	}
-
-	void RenderSystem::Destroy()
-	{
-		E2D_LOG(L"Destroying graphics resources");
-
-		ClearImageCache();
+		E2D_LOG(L"Destroying device resources");

+		device_resources_.Reset();
+		factory_.Reset();
+		device_context_.Reset();
+		drawing_state_block_.Reset();
 		text_renderer_.Reset();
-		solid_brush_.Reset();
-		render_target_.Reset();
-		fps_text_format_.Reset();
-		fps_text_layout_.Reset();
+		solid_color_brush_.Reset();
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::BeginDraw(HWND hwnd)
+	HRESULT Renderer::CreateDeviceResources()
 	{
-		HRESULT hr = CreateResources(hwnd);
+		HRESULT hr = S_OK;

-		if (debug_)
+		hr = device_context_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
+			D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White),
+			&solid_color_brush_
+		);
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			hr = ITextRenderer::Create(
+				&text_renderer_,
+				device_context_.Get()
+			);
+		}
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			SetAntialiasMode(antialias_);
+			SetTextAntialiasMode(text_antialias_);
+		}
+		return hr;
+	}
+
+	HRESULT Renderer::HandleDeviceLost()
+	{
+		HRESULT hr = device_resources_->HandleDeviceLost();
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			hr = CreateDeviceResources();
+		}
+		return hr;
+	}
+
+	HRESULT Renderer::BeginDraw()
+	{
+		if (!device_context_)
+			return E_UNEXPECTED;
+
+		// if (debug_)
 		{
 			status_.start = time::Now();
 			status_.primitives = 0;
 		}

-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-		{
-			window_occluded_ = !!(render_target_->CheckWindowState() & D2D1_WINDOW_STATE_OCCLUDED);
+		device_context_->SaveDrawingState(drawing_state_block_.Get());

-			if (!window_occluded_)
-			{
-				render_target_->BeginDraw();
-				render_target_->Clear(clear_color_);
-			}
-		}
-		return hr;
+		device_context_->BeginDraw();
+		device_context_->Clear(clear_color_);
+		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::EndDraw()
+	HRESULT Renderer::EndDraw()
 	{
-		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
-		
-		if (!window_occluded_)
-		{
-			hr = render_target_->EndDraw();
+		if (!device_context_)
+			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-			if (hr == D2DERR_RECREATE_TARGET)
-			{
-				// 如果 Direct3D 设备在执行过程中消失，将丢弃当前的设备相关资源
-				// 并在下一次调用时重建资源
-				DiscardResources();
-				hr = S_OK;
-			}
+		HRESULT hr = device_context_->EndDraw();
+
+		device_context_->RestoreDrawingState(drawing_state_block_.Get());
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			// The first argument instructs DXGI to block until VSync.
+			hr = device_resources_->GetDXGISwapChain()->Present(1, 0);
 		}

-		if (debug_)
+		if (hr == DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_REMOVED || hr == DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_RESET)
+		{
+			// 如果 Direct3D 设备在执行过程中消失，将丢弃当前的设备相关资源
+			hr = HandleDeviceLost();
+		}
+
+		// if (debug_)
 		{
 			status_.duration = time::Now() - status_.start;
 		}
 		return hr;
 	}

-	void RenderSystem::ClearImageCache()
+	HRESULT Renderer::CreateLayer(ComPtr<ID2D1Layer>& layer)
 	{
-		bitmap_cache_.clear();
-	}
-
-	D2DHwndRenderTargetPtr const & RenderSystem::GetRenderTarget() const
-	{
-		return render_target_;
-	}
-
-	D2DSolidColorBrushPtr const & RenderSystem::GetSolidBrush() const
-	{
-		return solid_brush_;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::CreateLayer(D2DLayerPtr& layer)
-	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

 		layer = nullptr;
-		return render_target_->CreateLayer(&layer);
+		return device_context_->CreateLayer(&layer);
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::CreateSolidColorBrush(D2DSolidColorBrushPtr & brush) const
-	{
-		if (!render_target_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		brush = nullptr;
-		return render_target_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
-			D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White),
-			&brush
-		);
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::DrawGeometry(
-		D2DGeometryPtr const& geometry,
+	HRESULT Renderer::DrawGeometry(
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Geometry> const& geometry,
 		Color const& stroke_color,
 		float stroke_width,
 		StrokeStyle stroke
 	)
 	{
-		if (!solid_brush_ ||
-			!render_target_)
+		if (!solid_color_brush_ || !device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		if (window_occluded_)
-			return S_OK;
+		solid_color_brush_->SetColor(DX::ConvertToColorF(stroke_color));

-		solid_brush_->SetColor(ToD2dColorF(stroke_color));
-		auto stroke_style = Factory::Instance().GetStrokeStyle(stroke);
-		render_target_->DrawGeometry(
+		device_context_->DrawGeometry(
 			geometry.Get(),
-			solid_brush_.Get(),
+			solid_color_brush_.Get(),
 			stroke_width,
-			stroke_style.Get()
+			device_resources_->GetStrokeStyle(stroke)
 		);

-		if (debug_)
+		// if (debug_)
 			++status_.primitives;
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::FillGeometry(D2DGeometryPtr const & geometry, const Color & fill_color)
+	HRESULT Renderer::FillGeometry(ComPtr<ID2D1Geometry> const & geometry, Color const& fill_color)
 	{
-		if (!solid_brush_ ||
-			!render_target_)
+		if (!solid_color_brush_ || !device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		if (window_occluded_)
-			return S_OK;
-
-		solid_brush_->SetColor(ToD2dColorF(fill_color));
-		render_target_->FillGeometry(
+		solid_color_brush_->SetColor(DX::ConvertToColorF(fill_color));
+		device_context_->FillGeometry(
 			geometry.Get(),
-			solid_brush_.Get()
+			solid_color_brush_.Get()
 		);

-		if (debug_)
-			++status_.primitives;
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::DrawImage(ImagePtr const & image, Rect const& dest_rect)
+	HRESULT Renderer::DrawImage(ImagePtr const & image, Rect const& dest_rect)
 	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

 		if (!image->GetBitmap())
 			return S_OK;

-		if (window_occluded_)
-			return S_OK;
-
-		render_target_->DrawBitmap(
+		device_context_->DrawBitmap(
 			image->GetBitmap().Get(),
-			ToD2dRectF(dest_rect),
+			DX::ConvertToRectF(dest_rect),
 			opacity_,
 			D2D1_BITMAP_INTERPOLATION_MODE_LINEAR,
-			ToD2dRectF(image->GetCropRect())
+			DX::ConvertToRectF(image->GetCropRect())
 		);

-		if (debug_)
+		// if (debug_)
 			++status_.primitives;
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::DrawBitmap(
-		D2DBitmapPtr const& bitmap
-	)
+	HRESULT Renderer::DrawBitmap(ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const & bitmap)
 	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		if (window_occluded_)
+		if (!bitmap)
 			return S_OK;

 		// Do not crop bitmap 
-		auto rect = D2D1::RectF(0.f, 0.f, bitmap->GetSize().width, bitmap->GetSize().height);
-		render_target_->DrawBitmap(
+		D2D_RECT_F rect = D2D1::RectF(0.f, 0.f, bitmap->GetSize().width, bitmap->GetSize().height);
+		device_context_->DrawBitmap(
 			bitmap.Get(),
 			rect,
 			opacity_,
@ -241,69 +254,56 @@ namespace easy2d
 			rect
 		);

-		if (debug_)
-			++status_.primitives;
+		// if (debug_)
+		++status_.primitives;
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::DrawTextLayout(D2DTextLayoutPtr const& text_layout)
+	HRESULT Renderer::DrawTextLayout(ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> const& text_layout)
 	{
 		if (!text_renderer_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		if (window_occluded_)
-			return S_OK;
-
-		if (debug_)
+		// if (debug_)
 			++status_.primitives;
 		return text_layout->Draw(nullptr, text_renderer_.Get(), 0, 0);
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::PushClip(const Matrix & clip_matrix, const Size & clip_size)
+	HRESULT Renderer::PushClip(const Matrix & clip_matrix, const Size & clip_size)
 	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		if (window_occluded_)
-			return S_OK;
-
-		render_target_->SetTransform(clip_matrix);
-		render_target_->PushAxisAlignedClip(
+		device_context_->SetTransform(DX::ConvertToMatrix3x2F(clip_matrix));
+		device_context_->PushAxisAlignedClip(
 			D2D1::RectF(0, 0, clip_size.x, clip_size.y),
 			D2D1_ANTIALIAS_MODE_PER_PRIMITIVE
 		);
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::PopClip()
+	HRESULT Renderer::PopClip()
 	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		if (window_occluded_)
-			return S_OK;
-
-		render_target_->PopAxisAlignedClip();
+		device_context_->PopAxisAlignedClip();
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::PushLayer(D2DLayerPtr const& layer, LayerProperties const& properties)
+	HRESULT Renderer::PushLayer(ComPtr<ID2D1Layer> const& layer, LayerProperties const& properties)
 	{
-		if (!render_target_ ||
-			!solid_brush_)
+		if (!device_context_ || !solid_color_brush_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		if (window_occluded_)
-			return S_OK;
-
-		render_target_->PushLayer(
+		device_context_->PushLayer(
 			D2D1::LayerParameters(
-				ToD2dRectF(properties.area),
+				DX::ConvertToRectF(properties.area),
 				nullptr,
 				D2D1_ANTIALIAS_MODE_PER_PRIMITIVE,
 				D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Identity(),
 				properties.opacity,
-				solid_brush_.Get(),
+				solid_color_brush_.Get(),
 				D2D1_LAYER_OPTIONS_NONE
 			),
 			layer.Get()
@ -311,124 +311,39 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::PopLayer()
+	HRESULT Renderer::PopLayer()
 	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		if (window_occluded_)
-			return S_OK;
-
-		render_target_->PopLayer();
+		device_context_->PopLayer();
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::GetSize(Size & size)
+	void Renderer::SetClearColor(const Color & color)
 	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		clear_color_ = DX::ConvertToColorF(color);
+	}
+
+	HRESULT Renderer::SetTransform(const Matrix & matrix)
+	{
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		auto rtsize = render_target_->GetSize();
-		size.x = rtsize.width;
-		size.y = rtsize.height;
+		device_context_->SetTransform(DX::ConvertToMatrix3x2F(matrix));
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::CreateBitmapFromFile(D2DBitmapPtr& bitmap, String const& file_path)
+	void Renderer::SetOpacity(float opacity)
 	{
-		if (render_target_ == nullptr)
+		if (opacity_ != opacity)
 		{
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
+			opacity_ = opacity;
+			solid_color_brush_->SetOpacity(opacity);
 		}
-
-		size_t hash_code = std::hash<String>{}(file_path);
-		if (bitmap_cache_.find(hash_code) != bitmap_cache_.end())
-		{
-			bitmap = bitmap_cache_[hash_code];
-			return S_OK;
-		}
-
-		D2DBitmapPtr bitmap_tmp;
-		HRESULT hr = Factory::Instance().CreateBitmapFromFile(
-			bitmap,
-			render_target_,
-			file_path
-		);
-
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-		{
-			bitmap_cache_.insert(std::make_pair(hash_code, bitmap));
-		}
-
-		return hr;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::CreateBitmapFromResource(D2DBitmapPtr& bitmap, Resource const& res)
-	{
-		if (render_target_ == nullptr)
-		{
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-		}
-
-		size_t hash_code = res.GetHashCode();
-		if (bitmap_cache_.find(hash_code) != bitmap_cache_.end())
-		{
-			bitmap = bitmap_cache_[hash_code];
-			return S_OK;
-		}
-
-		HRESULT hr = Factory::Instance().CreateBitmapFromResource(
-			bitmap,
-			render_target_,
-			res
-		);
-
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-		{
-			bitmap_cache_.insert(std::make_pair(hash_code, bitmap));
-		}
-
-		return hr;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::CreateBitmapRenderTarget(D2DBitmapRenderTargetPtr & brt)
-	{
-		if (!render_target_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		brt = nullptr;
-		return render_target_->CreateCompatibleRenderTarget(&brt);
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::Resize(UINT32 width, UINT32 height)
-	{
-		if (!render_target_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		render_target_->Resize(D2D1::SizeU(width, height));
-		return S_OK;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::SetTransform(const Matrix & matrix)
-	{
-		if (!render_target_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		render_target_->SetTransform(matrix);
-		return S_OK;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::SetOpacity(float opacity)
-	{
-		if (!render_target_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		opacity_ = opacity;
-		solid_brush_->SetOpacity(opacity);
-		return S_OK;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::SetTextStyle(
+	HRESULT Renderer::SetTextStyle(
 		Color const& color,
 		bool has_outline,
 		Color const& outline_color,
@ -436,40 +351,34 @@ namespace easy2d
 		StrokeStyle outline_stroke
 	)
 	{
-		if (!text_renderer_)
+		if (!text_renderer_ || !device_resources_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		auto stroke_style = Factory::Instance().GetStrokeStyle(outline_stroke);
 		text_renderer_->SetTextStyle(
-			ToD2dColorF(color),
+			DX::ConvertToColorF(color),
 			has_outline,
-			ToD2dColorF(outline_color),
+			DX::ConvertToColorF(outline_color),
 			outline_width,
-			stroke_style.Get()
+			device_resources_->GetStrokeStyle(outline_stroke)
 		);
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	void RenderSystem::SetClearColor(const Color& color)
+	HRESULT Renderer::SetAntialiasMode(bool enabled)
 	{
-		clear_color_ = ToD2dColorF(color);
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::SetAntialiasMode(bool enabled)
-	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		render_target_->SetAntialiasMode(
+		device_context_->SetAntialiasMode(
 			enabled ? D2D1_ANTIALIAS_MODE_PER_PRIMITIVE : D2D1_ANTIALIAS_MODE_ALIASED
 		);
 		antialias_ = enabled;
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	HRESULT RenderSystem::SetTextAntialiasMode(TextAntialias mode)
+	HRESULT Renderer::SetTextAntialiasMode(TextAntialias mode)
 	{
-		if (!render_target_)
+		if (!device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

 		text_antialias_ = mode;
@ -491,78 +400,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		default:
 			break;
 		}
-		render_target_->SetTextAntialiasMode(antialias_mode);
+		device_context_->SetTextAntialiasMode(antialias_mode);
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	RenderSystem::Status const & RenderSystem::GetStatus() const
-	{
-		return status_;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT RenderSystem::CreateResources(HWND hwnd)
-	{
-		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
-
-		if (!render_target_)
-		{
-			RECT rc;
-			::GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
-
-			D2D1_SIZE_U size = D2D1::SizeU(
-				rc.right - rc.left,
-				rc.bottom - rc.top
-			);
-
-			hr = Factory::Instance().CreateHwndRenderTarget(
-				render_target_,
-				D2D1::RenderTargetProperties(
-					D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_TYPE_DEFAULT,
-					D2D1::PixelFormat(),
-					96.f,
-					96.f
-				),
-				D2D1::HwndRenderTargetProperties(
-					hwnd,
-					size,
-					vsync_enabled_ ? D2D1_PRESENT_OPTIONS_NONE : D2D1_PRESENT_OPTIONS_IMMEDIATELY
-				)
-			);
-
-			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-			{
-				SetAntialiasMode(antialias_);
-				SetTextAntialiasMode(text_antialias_);
-			}
-
-			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-			{
-				hr = render_target_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
-					D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White),
-					&solid_brush_
-				);
-			}
-
-			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-			{
-				hr = Factory::Instance().CreateTextRenderer(
-					text_renderer_,
-					render_target_,
-					solid_brush_
-				);
-			}
-		}
-		return hr;
-	}
-
-	void RenderSystem::DiscardResources()
-	{
-		// FIXME! 应通知 Application 类销毁所有节点的 device resources
-		fps_text_format_ = nullptr;
-		fps_text_layout_ = nullptr;
-		text_renderer_ = nullptr;
-		solid_brush_ = nullptr;
-		render_target_ = nullptr;
-	}
-
 }
--- a/src/core/render.h
+++ b/src/core/render.h
@ -20,45 +20,80 @@

 #pragma once
 #include "include-forwards.h"
-#include "time.h"
 #include "Font.hpp"
 #include "Resource.h"
-#include "TextRenderer.h"
 #include "TextStyle.hpp"
 #include "Singleton.hpp"
-#include "../math/Matrix.h"
-#include <unordered_map>
+#include "../DX/helper.hpp"
+#include "../DX/DeviceResources.h"
+#include "../DX/TextRenderer.h"
+#include "time.h"
+#include <d2d1.h>
+#include <d2d1_1.h>

 namespace easy2d
 {
-	class E2D_API RenderSystem
-		: public Singleton<RenderSystem>
+	struct RenderStatus
 	{
-		E2D_DECLARE_SINGLETON(RenderSystem);
+		TimePoint start;
+		Duration duration;
+		int primitives;
+	};

-		struct Status
-		{
-			TimePoint start;
-			Duration duration;
-			int primitives;
-		};
-
-		using BitmapMap = UnorderedMap<size_t, D2DBitmapPtr>;
+	class E2D_API Renderer
+		: public Singleton<Renderer>
+	{
+		E2D_DECLARE_SINGLETON(Renderer);

 	public:
-		HRESULT Init(HWND hwnd, bool vsync, bool debug);
+		HRESULT Init(HWND hwnd);

 		void Destroy();

-		// 开始渲染
-		HRESULT BeginDraw(HWND hwnd);
+		inline RenderStatus const&		GetStatus() const				{ return status_; }
+
+		inline DeviceResources*			GetDeviceResources() const		{ return device_resources_.Get(); }
+
+		inline ITextRenderer*			GetTextRenderer() const			{ return text_renderer_.Get(); }
+
+		inline ID2D1SolidColorBrush*	GetSolidColorBrush() const		{ return solid_color_brush_.Get(); }
+
+		HRESULT BeginDraw();

-		// 结束渲染
 		HRESULT EndDraw();

-		// 设置清空屏幕的颜色
+		HRESULT CreateLayer(
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Layer>& layer
+		);
+
+		HRESULT DrawGeometry(
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Geometry> const& geometry,
+			const Color& stroke_color,
+			float stroke_width,
+			StrokeStyle stroke = StrokeStyle::Miter
+		);
+
+		HRESULT FillGeometry(
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Geometry> const& geometry,
+			Color const& fill_color
+		);
+
+		HRESULT DrawImage(
+			ImagePtr const& image,
+			Rect const& dest_rect
+		);
+
+		HRESULT DrawBitmap(
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> const& bitmap
+		);
+
+		HRESULT DrawTextLayout(
+			ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> const& text_layout
+		);
+
+		// <20>零헌팁奈<ED8C81>
 		void SetClearColor(
-			const Color& color
+			Color const& clear_color
 		);

 		// ÉèÖÃ¿¹¾â³ÝÄ£Ê½
@ -71,44 +106,15 @@ namespace easy2d
 			TextAntialias mode
 		);

-		Status const& GetStatus() const;
-
-		HRESULT CreateResources(
-			HWND hwnd
-		);
-
-		void DiscardResources();
-
-		HRESULT CreateLayer(
-			D2DLayerPtr& layer
-		);
-
-		HRESULT CreateSolidColorBrush(
-			D2DSolidColorBrushPtr& brush
-		) const;
-
-		HRESULT CreateBitmapFromFile(
-			D2DBitmapPtr& bitmap,
-			String const& file_path
-		);
-
-		HRESULT CreateBitmapFromResource(
-			D2DBitmapPtr& bitmap,
-			Resource const& res
-		);
-
-		HRESULT CreateBitmapRenderTarget(
-			D2DBitmapRenderTargetPtr& brt
+		// <20>零뺌궝拷츠똑
+		void SetOpacity(
+			float opacity
 		);

 		HRESULT SetTransform(
 			const Matrix& matrix
 		);

-		HRESULT SetOpacity(
-			float opacity
-		);
-
 		HRESULT SetTextStyle(
 			const Color& color,
 			bool has_outline,
@ -117,31 +123,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 			StrokeStyle outline_stroke
 		);

-		HRESULT DrawGeometry(
-			D2DGeometryPtr const& geometry,
-			const Color& stroke_color,
-			float stroke_width,
-			StrokeStyle stroke = StrokeStyle::Miter
-		);
-
-		HRESULT FillGeometry(
-			D2DGeometryPtr const& geometry,
-			const Color& fill_color
-		);
-
-		HRESULT DrawImage(
-			ImagePtr const& image,
-			Rect const& dest_rect
-		);
-
-		HRESULT DrawBitmap(
-			D2DBitmapPtr const& bitmap
-		);
-
-		HRESULT DrawTextLayout(
-			D2DTextLayoutPtr const& text_layout
-		);
-
 		HRESULT PushClip(
 			const Matrix& clip_matrix,
 			const Size& clip_size
@ -150,46 +131,35 @@ namespace easy2d
 		HRESULT PopClip();

 		HRESULT PushLayer(
-			D2DLayerPtr const& layer,
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Layer> const& layer,
 			LayerProperties const& properties
 		);

 		HRESULT PopLayer();

-		HRESULT GetSize(
-			Size& size
-		);
+	private:
+		Renderer();

-		HRESULT Resize(
-			UINT32 width,
-			UINT32 height
-		);
+		~Renderer();

-		void ClearImageCache();
+		HRESULT CreateDeviceResources();

-		D2DHwndRenderTargetPtr const& GetRenderTarget() const;
+		HRESULT HandleDeviceLost();

-		D2DSolidColorBrushPtr const& GetSolidBrush() const;
+	private:
+		float opacity_;
+		bool antialias_;
+		unsigned long ref_count_;

-	protected:
-		RenderSystem();
+		TextAntialias	text_antialias_;
+		D2D1_COLOR_F	clear_color_;
+		RenderStatus	status_;

-		~RenderSystem();
-
-	protected:
-		bool					debug_;
-		bool					window_occluded_;
-		bool					vsync_enabled_;
-		bool					antialias_;
-		float					opacity_;
-		D2D1_COLOR_F			clear_color_;
-		TextAntialias			text_antialias_;
-		Status					status_;
-		D2DTextRendererPtr		text_renderer_;
-		D2DSolidColorBrushPtr	solid_brush_;
-		D2DHwndRenderTargetPtr	render_target_;
-		D2DTextFormatPtr		fps_text_format_;
-		D2DTextLayoutPtr		fps_text_layout_;
-		BitmapMap				bitmap_cache_;
+		ComPtr<DeviceResources>			device_resources_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Factory1>			factory_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1DeviceContext>		device_context_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1DrawingStateBlock>	drawing_state_block_;
+		ComPtr<ITextRenderer>			text_renderer_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1SolidColorBrush>	solid_color_brush_;
 	};
 }
--- a/src/core/window.cpp
+++ b/src/core/window.cpp
@ -53,12 +53,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}

-	HRESULT Window::Init(String title, int width, int height, LPCWSTR icon, bool fullscreen, WNDPROC proc, bool debug)
+	HRESULT Window::Init(String title, int width, int height, LPCWSTR icon, bool fullscreen, WNDPROC proc)
 	{
-		E2D_NOT_USED(debug);
-
-		E2D_LOG(L"Creating window");
-		
 		HINSTANCE hinst		= GetModuleHandleW(nullptr);
 		WNDCLASSEX wcex		= { 0 };
 		wcex.cbSize			= sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
@ -160,8 +156,6 @@ namespace easy2d

 	void Window::Destroy()
 	{
-		E2D_LOG(L"Destroying window");
-
 		if (is_fullscreen_)
 			RestoreResolution(device_name_);

--- a/src/core/window.h
+++ b/src/core/window.h
@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			int		height,
 			LPCWSTR	icon,
 			bool	fullscreen,
-			WNDPROC	proc,
-			bool	debug
+			WNDPROC	proc
 		);

 		void Destroy();
--- a/src/dx/D2DDeviceResources.cpp
+++ b/src/dx/D2DDeviceResources.cpp
@ -18,57 +18,134 @@
 // OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 // THE SOFTWARE.

-#include "Factory.h"
-#include "logs.h"
-#include "modules.h"
-#include "Transform.hpp"
+#include "DeviceResources.h"
+#include "../core/Image.h"
+#include "../core/modules.h"
+#include "../core/logs.h"

 namespace easy2d
 {
-	Factory::Factory()
+
+	D2DDeviceResources::D2DDeviceResources()
+		: ref_count_(0)
+		, dpi_(96.f)
 	{
+		CreateDeviceIndependentResources();
 	}

-	Factory::~Factory()
+	D2DDeviceResources::~D2DDeviceResources()
 	{
+		DiscardResources();
 	}

-	HRESULT Factory::Init(bool debug)
+	STDMETHODIMP_(unsigned long) D2DDeviceResources::AddRef()
 	{
-		E2D_LOG(L"Creating device-independent resources");
+		return InterlockedIncrement(&ref_count_);
+	}
+
+	STDMETHODIMP_(unsigned long) D2DDeviceResources::Release()
+	{
+		unsigned long newCount = InterlockedDecrement(&ref_count_);
+
+		if (newCount == 0)
+		{
+			delete this;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		return newCount;
+	}
+
+	STDMETHODIMP D2DDeviceResources::QueryInterface(
+		IID const& riid,
+		void** object)
+	{
+		if (__uuidof(IUnknown) == riid)
+		{
+			*object = this;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			*object = nullptr;
+			return E_FAIL;
+		}
+
+		AddRef();
+
+		return S_OK;
+	}
+
+	void D2DDeviceResources::DiscardResources()
+	{
+		ClearImageCache();
+
+		d2d_factory_.Reset();
+		d2d_device_.Reset();
+		d2d_device_context_.Reset();
+		d2d_target_bitmap_.Reset();
+
+		imaging_factory_.Reset();
+		dwrite_factory_.Reset();
+
+		d2d_miter_stroke_style_.Reset();
+		d2d_bevel_stroke_style_.Reset();
+		d2d_round_stroke_style_.Reset();
+	}
+
+	HRESULT D2DDeviceResources::CreateDeviceIndependentResources()
+	{
+		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Factory1>			d2d_factory;
+		ComPtr<IWICImagingFactory>		imaging_factory;
+		ComPtr<IDWriteFactory>			dwrite_factory;

 		D2D1_FACTORY_OPTIONS options;
-		options.debugLevel = debug ? D2D1_DEBUG_LEVEL_INFORMATION : D2D1_DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE;
-		HRESULT hr = modules::DirectX::Get().D2D1CreateFactory(
+		ZeroMemory(&options, sizeof(D2D1_FACTORY_OPTIONS));
+#ifdef E2D_DEBUG
+		options.debugLevel = D2D1_DEBUG_LEVEL_INFORMATION;
+#endif
+
+		hr = modules::DirectX::Get().D2D1CreateFactory(
 			D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED,
-			__uuidof(ID2D1Factory),
+			__uuidof(ID2D1Factory1),
 			&options,
-			reinterpret_cast<void**>(&factory_)
+			reinterpret_cast<void**>(&d2d_factory)
 		);

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
+			d2d_factory_ = d2d_factory;
+
 			CoCreateInstance(
 				CLSID_WICImagingFactory,
 				nullptr,
 				CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
 				__uuidof(IWICImagingFactory),
-				reinterpret_cast<void**>(&imaging_factory_)
+				reinterpret_cast<void**>(&imaging_factory)
 			);
 		}

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
+			imaging_factory_ = imaging_factory;
+
 			modules::DirectX::Get().DWriteCreateFactory(
 				DWRITE_FACTORY_TYPE_SHARED,
 				__uuidof(IDWriteFactory),
-				reinterpret_cast<IUnknown**>(&write_factory_)
+				reinterpret_cast<IUnknown**>(&dwrite_factory)
 			);
 		}

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			auto stroke_style = D2D1::StrokeStyleProperties(
+			dwrite_factory_ = dwrite_factory;
+
+			ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>		d2d_miter_stroke_style;
+			ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>		d2d_bevel_stroke_style;
+			ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>		d2d_round_stroke_style;
+
+			D2D1_STROKE_STYLE_PROPERTIES stroke_style = D2D1::StrokeStyleProperties(
 				D2D1_CAP_STYLE_FLAT,
 				D2D1_CAP_STYLE_FLAT,
 				D2D1_CAP_STYLE_FLAT,
@ -78,101 +155,89 @@ namespace easy2d
 				0.0f
 			);

-			hr = factory_->CreateStrokeStyle(
+			hr = d2d_factory_->CreateStrokeStyle(
 				stroke_style,
 				nullptr,
 				0,
-				&miter_stroke_style_
+				&d2d_miter_stroke_style
 			);

 			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 			{
 				stroke_style.lineJoin = D2D1_LINE_JOIN_BEVEL;
-				hr = factory_->CreateStrokeStyle(
+				hr = d2d_factory_->CreateStrokeStyle(
 					stroke_style,
 					nullptr,
 					0,
-					&bevel_stroke_style_
+					&d2d_bevel_stroke_style
 				);
 			}

 			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 			{
 				stroke_style.lineJoin = D2D1_LINE_JOIN_ROUND;
-				hr = factory_->CreateStrokeStyle(
+				hr = d2d_factory_->CreateStrokeStyle(
 					stroke_style,
 					nullptr,
 					0,
-					&round_stroke_style_
+					&d2d_round_stroke_style
 				);
 			}
+
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				d2d_miter_stroke_style_ = d2d_miter_stroke_style;
+				d2d_bevel_stroke_style_ = d2d_bevel_stroke_style;
+				d2d_round_stroke_style_ = d2d_round_stroke_style;
+			}
 		}
+
 		return hr;
 	}

-	void Factory::Destroy()
+	HRESULT D2DDeviceResources::SetD2DDevice(ComPtr<ID2D1Device> const& device)
 	{
-		E2D_LOG(L"Destroying device-independent resources");
+		ComPtr<ID2D1DeviceContext> d2d_device_ctx;

-		factory_.Reset();
-		imaging_factory_.Reset();
-		write_factory_.Reset();
-		miter_stroke_style_.Reset();
-		bevel_stroke_style_.Reset();
-		round_stroke_style_.Reset();
-	}
-
-	HRESULT Factory::CreateHwndRenderTarget(D2DHwndRenderTargetPtr & hwnd_render_target, D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES const & properties, D2D1_HWND_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES const & hwnd_rt_properties) const
-	{
-		if (!factory_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		D2DHwndRenderTargetPtr hwnd_render_target_tmp;
-		HRESULT hr = factory_->CreateHwndRenderTarget(
-			properties,
-			hwnd_rt_properties,
-			&hwnd_render_target_tmp
+		HRESULT hr = device->CreateDeviceContext(
+			D2D1_DEVICE_CONTEXT_OPTIONS_NONE,
+			&d2d_device_ctx
 		);

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-			hwnd_render_target = hwnd_render_target_tmp;
-		return hr;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT Factory::CreateTextRenderer(
-		D2DTextRendererPtr& text_renderer,
-		D2DRenderTargetPtr const& render_target,
-		D2DSolidColorBrushPtr const& brush
-	)
-	{
-		if (!factory_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		D2DTextRendererPtr text_renderer_tmp;
-		HRESULT hr = ITextRenderer::Create(
-			&text_renderer_tmp,
-			factory_.Get(),
-			render_target.Get(),
-			brush.Get()
-		);
-
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-			text_renderer = text_renderer_tmp;
-		return hr;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT Factory::CreateBitmapFromFile(D2DBitmapPtr & bitmap, D2DRenderTargetPtr const & rt, String const & file_path)
-	{
-		if (imaging_factory_ == nullptr)
 		{
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
+			d2d_device_ = device;
+			d2d_device_context_ = d2d_device_ctx;
+			d2d_device_context_->SetDpi(dpi_, dpi_);
 		}

-		IntrusivePtr<IWICBitmapDecoder>		decoder;
-		IntrusivePtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode>	source;
-		IntrusivePtr<IWICStream>			stream;
-		IntrusivePtr<IWICFormatConverter>	converter;
-		IntrusivePtr<ID2D1Bitmap>			bitmap_tmp;
+		return hr;
+	}
+
+	void D2DDeviceResources::SetTargetBitmap(ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap1> const& target)
+	{
+		d2d_target_bitmap_ = target;
+		if (d2d_device_context_)
+			d2d_device_context_->SetTarget(d2d_target_bitmap_.Get());
+	}
+
+	HRESULT D2DDeviceResources::CreateBitmapFromFile(ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> & bitmap, String const & file_path)
+	{
+		if (!imaging_factory_ || !d2d_device_context_)
+			return E_UNEXPECTED;
+
+		size_t hash_code = std::hash<String>{}(file_path);
+		if (bitmap_cache_.find(hash_code) != bitmap_cache_.end())
+		{
+			bitmap = bitmap_cache_[hash_code];
+			return S_OK;
+		}
+
+		ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder>		decoder;
+		ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode>	source;
+		ComPtr<IWICStream>				stream;
+		ComPtr<IWICFormatConverter>		converter;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap>				bitmap_tmp;

 		HRESULT hr = imaging_factory_->CreateDecoderFromFilename(
 			file_path.c_str(),
@ -207,7 +272,7 @@ namespace easy2d

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			hr = rt->CreateBitmapFromWicBitmap(
+			hr = d2d_device_context_->CreateBitmapFromWicBitmap(
 				converter.Get(),
 				nullptr,
 				&bitmap_tmp
@ -215,24 +280,32 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
 			bitmap = bitmap_tmp;
+			bitmap_cache_.insert(std::make_pair(hash_code, bitmap));
+		}

 		return hr;
 	}

-	HRESULT Factory::CreateBitmapFromResource(D2DBitmapPtr & bitmap, D2DRenderTargetPtr const & rt, Resource const & res)
+	HRESULT D2DDeviceResources::CreateBitmapFromResource(ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> & bitmap, Resource const & res)
 	{
-		if (imaging_factory_ == nullptr)
-		{
+		if (!imaging_factory_ || !d2d_device_context_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;
+
+		size_t hash_code = res.GetHashCode();
+		if (bitmap_cache_.find(hash_code) != bitmap_cache_.end())
+		{
+			bitmap = bitmap_cache_[hash_code];
+			return S_OK;
 		}

-		IntrusivePtr<IWICBitmapDecoder>		decoder;
-		IntrusivePtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode>	source;
-		IntrusivePtr<IWICStream>			stream;
-		IntrusivePtr<IWICFormatConverter>	converter;
-		IntrusivePtr<ID2D1Bitmap>			bitmap_tmp;
-		
+		ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder>		decoder;
+		ComPtr<IWICBitmapFrameDecode>	source;
+		ComPtr<IWICStream>				stream;
+		ComPtr<IWICFormatConverter>		converter;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap>				bitmap_tmp;
+
 		// ¼ÓÔØ×ÊÔ´
 		LPVOID buffer;
 		DWORD buffer_size;
@ -286,7 +359,7 @@ namespace easy2d

 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			hr = rt->CreateBitmapFromWicBitmap(
+			hr = d2d_device_context_->CreateBitmapFromWicBitmap(
 				converter.Get(),
 				nullptr,
 				&bitmap_tmp
@ -296,105 +369,19 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
 			bitmap = bitmap_tmp;
+			bitmap_cache_.insert(std::make_pair(hash_code, bitmap));
 		}

 		return hr;
 	}

-	HRESULT Factory::CreateRectangleGeometry(D2DRectangleGeometryPtr & geo, Rect const& rect) const
+	HRESULT D2DDeviceResources::CreateTextFormat(ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> & text_format, Font const & font, TextStyle const & text_style) const
 	{
-		if (!factory_)
+		if (!dwrite_factory_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

-		D2DRectangleGeometryPtr rectangle;
-		HRESULT hr = factory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(
-			ToD2dRectF(rect),
-			&rectangle
-		);
-
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-			geo = rectangle;
-		return hr;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT Factory::CreateRoundedRectangleGeometry(D2DRoundedRectangleGeometryPtr & geo, Rect const & rect, float radius_x, float radius_y) const
-	{
-		if (!factory_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		D2DRoundedRectangleGeometryPtr rounded_rect;
-		HRESULT hr = factory_->CreateRoundedRectangleGeometry(
-			D2D1::RoundedRect(
-				ToD2dRectF(rect),
-				radius_x,
-				radius_y
-			),
-			&rounded_rect
-		);
-
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-			geo = rounded_rect;
-		return hr;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT Factory::CreateEllipseGeometry(D2DEllipseGeometryPtr & geo, Point const & center, float radius_x, float radius_y) const
-	{
-		if (!factory_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		D2DEllipseGeometryPtr ellipse;
-		HRESULT hr = factory_->CreateEllipseGeometry(
-			D2D1::Ellipse(
-				ToD2dPoint2F(center),
-				radius_x,
-				radius_y
-			),
-			&ellipse
-		);
-
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-			geo = ellipse;
-		return hr;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT Factory::CreateTransformedGeometry(
-		D2DTransformedGeometryPtr& transformed,
-		Matrix const& matrix,
-		D2DGeometryPtr const& geo
-	) const
-	{
-		if (!factory_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		D2DTransformedGeometryPtr transformed_tmp;
-		HRESULT hr = factory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
-			geo.Get(),
-			matrix,
-			&transformed_tmp
-		);
-
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-		{
-			transformed = transformed_tmp;
-		}
-		return hr;
-	}
-
-	HRESULT Factory::CreatePathGeometry(D2DPathGeometryPtr & geometry) const
-	{
-		if (!factory_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		return factory_->CreatePathGeometry(&geometry);
-	}
-
-	HRESULT Factory::CreateTextFormat(D2DTextFormatPtr & text_format, Font const & font, TextStyle const & text_style) const
-	{
-		if (!write_factory_)
-			return E_UNEXPECTED;
-
-		D2DTextFormatPtr text_format_tmp;
-		HRESULT hr = write_factory_->CreateTextFormat(
+		ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> text_format_tmp;
+		HRESULT hr = dwrite_factory_->CreateTextFormat(
 			font.family.c_str(),
 			nullptr,
 			DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT(font.weight),
@ -426,20 +413,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return hr;
 	}

-	HRESULT Factory::CreateTextLayout(D2DTextLayoutPtr & text_layout, Size& layout_size, String const & text, D2DTextFormatPtr const& text_format, TextStyle const & text_style) const
+	HRESULT D2DDeviceResources::CreateTextLayout(ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> & text_layout, Size& layout_size, String const & text, ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> const& text_format, TextStyle const & text_style) const
 	{
-		if (!write_factory_)
+		if (!dwrite_factory_)
 			return E_UNEXPECTED;

 		text_layout = nullptr;

 		HRESULT hr;
-		D2DTextLayoutPtr text_layout_tmp;
+		ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> text_layout_tmp;
 		UINT32 length = static_cast<UINT32>(text.length());

 		if (text_style.wrap)
 		{
-			hr = write_factory_->CreateTextLayout(
+			hr = dwrite_factory_->CreateTextLayout(
 				text.c_str(),
 				length,
 				text_format.Get(),
@ -450,7 +437,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			hr = write_factory_->CreateTextLayout(
+			hr = dwrite_factory_->CreateTextLayout(
 				text.c_str(),
 				length,
 				text_format.Get(),
@ -468,7 +455,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 			{
 				text_layout_tmp = nullptr;
-				hr = write_factory_->CreateTextLayout(
+				hr = dwrite_factory_->CreateTextLayout(
 					text.c_str(),
 					length,
 					text_format.Get(),
@ -507,21 +494,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return hr;
 	}

-	D2DStrokeStylePtr const& Factory::GetStrokeStyle(StrokeStyle stroke) const
+	void D2DDeviceResources::ClearImageCache()
+	{
+		bitmap_cache_.clear();
+	}
+
+	ID2D1StrokeStyle* D2DDeviceResources::GetStrokeStyle(StrokeStyle stroke) const
 	{
 		switch (stroke)
 		{
-		case StrokeStyle::Miter:
-			return miter_stroke_style_;
-			break;
-		case StrokeStyle::Bevel:
-			return bevel_stroke_style_;
-			break;
-		case StrokeStyle::Round:
-			return round_stroke_style_;
-			break;
+		case StrokeStyle::Miter: return d2d_miter_stroke_style_.Get(); break;
+		case StrokeStyle::Bevel: return d2d_bevel_stroke_style_.Get(); break;
+		case StrokeStyle::Round: return d2d_round_stroke_style_.Get(); break;
 		}
-		return miter_stroke_style_;
+		return nullptr;
 	}

-}
+}
--- a/src/dx/D2DDeviceResources.h
+++ b/src/dx/D2DDeviceResources.h
@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#pragma once
+#include "helper.hpp"
+#include "../core/Resource.h"
+#include "../core/Font.hpp"
+#include "../core/TextStyle.hpp"
+#include <d2d1.h>
+#include <d2d1_1.h>
+
+namespace easy2d
+{
+	class E2D_API D2DDeviceResources
+		: public IUnknown
+	{
+	public:
+		HRESULT CreateBitmapFromFile(
+			_Out_ ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap>& bitmap,
+			_In_ String const& file_path
+		);
+
+		HRESULT CreateBitmapFromResource(
+			_Out_ ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap>& bitmap,
+			_In_ Resource const& res
+		);
+
+		HRESULT CreateTextFormat(
+			_Out_ ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat>& text_format,
+			_In_ Font const& font,
+			_In_ TextStyle const& text_style
+		) const;
+
+		HRESULT CreateTextLayout(
+			_Out_ ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout>& text_layout,
+			_Out_ Size& layout_size,
+			_In_ String const& text,
+			_In_ ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> const& text_format,
+			_In_ TextStyle const& text_style
+		) const;
+
+		void ClearImageCache();
+
+		void DiscardResources();
+
+		HRESULT SetD2DDevice(
+			_In_ ComPtr<ID2D1Device> const& device
+		);
+
+		void SetTargetBitmap(
+			_In_ ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap1> const& target
+		);
+
+		inline ID2D1Factory1*			GetD2DFactory() const			{ return d2d_factory_.Get(); }
+		inline IWICImagingFactory*		GetWICImagingFactory() const	{ return imaging_factory_.Get(); }
+		inline IDWriteFactory*			GetDWriteFactory() const		{ return dwrite_factory_.Get(); }
+		inline ID2D1Device*				GetD2DDevice() const			{ return d2d_device_.Get(); }
+		inline ID2D1DeviceContext*		GetD2DDeviceContext() const		{ return d2d_device_context_.Get(); }
+		inline ID2D1Bitmap1*			GetD2DTargetBitmap() const		{ return d2d_target_bitmap_.Get(); }
+
+		ID2D1StrokeStyle*				GetStrokeStyle(StrokeStyle stroke) const;
+
+	public:
+		unsigned long STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef();
+
+		unsigned long STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release();
+
+		HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(
+			IID const& riid,
+			void** ppvObject
+		);
+
+	protected:
+		D2DDeviceResources();
+
+		virtual ~D2DDeviceResources();
+
+		HRESULT CreateDeviceIndependentResources();
+
+	private:
+		unsigned long ref_count_;
+		float dpi_;
+
+		using BitmapMap = UnorderedMap<size_t, ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap>>;
+		BitmapMap bitmap_cache_;
+
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Factory1>		d2d_factory_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Device>			d2d_device_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1DeviceContext>	d2d_device_context_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap1>		d2d_target_bitmap_;
+
+		ComPtr<IWICImagingFactory>	imaging_factory_;
+		ComPtr<IDWriteFactory>		dwrite_factory_;
+
+		ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>	d2d_miter_stroke_style_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>	d2d_bevel_stroke_style_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>	d2d_round_stroke_style_;
+	};
+
+}
--- a/src/dx/D3D11DeviceResources.cpp
+++ b/src/dx/D3D11DeviceResources.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,387 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "DeviceResources.h"
+#include "../core/Image.h"
+#include "../core/modules.h"
+#include "../core/logs.h"
+
+namespace easy2d
+{
+#if defined(_DEBUG)
+	namespace DX
+	{
+		inline bool SdkLayersAvailable()
+		{
+			HRESULT hr = modules::DirectX::Get().D3D11CreateDevice(
+				nullptr,
+				D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_NULL,		// There is no need to create a real hardware device.
+				0,
+				D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG,	// Check for the SDK layers.
+				nullptr,					// Any feature level will do.
+				0,
+				D3D11_SDK_VERSION,			// Always set this to D3D11_SDK_VERSION for Windows Runtime apps.
+				nullptr,					// No need to keep the D3D device reference.
+				nullptr,					// No need to know the feature level.
+				nullptr						// No need to keep the D3D device context reference.
+			);
+
+			return SUCCEEDED(hr);
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	D3D11DeviceResources::D3D11DeviceResources()
+		: hwnd_(nullptr)
+		, d3d_feature_level_(D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_1)
+	{
+		dpi_ = 96.f; // dpi_ = (float)GetDpiForWindow(hwnd);
+	}
+
+	D3D11DeviceResources::~D3D11DeviceResources()
+	{
+		DiscardResources();
+	}
+
+	HRESULT D3D11DeviceResources::Create(D3D11DeviceResources** device_resources, HWND hwnd)
+	{
+		HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
+
+		if (device_resources)
+		{
+			D3D11DeviceResources* res = new (std::nothrow) D3D11DeviceResources;
+			if (res)
+			{
+				hr = res->CreateDeviceIndependentResources();
+
+				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+				{
+					RECT rc;
+					GetClientRect(hwnd, &rc);
+
+					res->hwnd_ = hwnd;
+					res->logical_size_.x = float(rc.right - rc.left);
+					res->logical_size_.y = float(rc.bottom - rc.top);
+
+					hr = res->CreateDeviceResources();
+				}
+
+				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+				{
+					hr = res->CreateWindowSizeDependentResources();
+				}
+
+				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+				{
+					res->AddRef();
+
+					DX::SafeRelease(*device_resources);
+					(*device_resources) = res;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					delete res;
+					res = nullptr;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return hr;
+	}
+
+	void D3D11DeviceResources::DiscardResources()
+	{
+		d3d_device_.Reset();
+		d3d_device_context_.Reset();
+		dxgi_swap_chain_.Reset();
+		dxgi_factory_.Reset();
+
+		hwnd_ = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	HRESULT D3D11DeviceResources::CreateDeviceResources()
+	{
+		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL feature_levels[] =
+		{
+			D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_1,
+			D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0,
+			D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1,
+			D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0,
+			D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_3,
+			D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_2,
+			D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_9_1
+		};
+
+		ComPtr<ID3D11Device> device;
+		ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> context;
+
+		// This flag adds support for surfaces with a different color channel ordering
+		// than the API default. It is required for compatibility with Direct2D.
+		UINT creation_flags = D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT;
+
+#if defined(E2D_DEBUG)
+		if (DX::SdkLayersAvailable())
+		{
+			creation_flags |= D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_DEBUG;
+		}
+#endif
+
+		hr = modules::DirectX::Get().D3D11CreateDevice(
+			nullptr,					// Specify nullptr to use the default adapter.
+			D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
+			0,							// Should be 0 unless the driver is D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_SOFTWARE.
+			creation_flags,				// Set debug and Direct2D compatibility flags.
+			feature_levels,				// List of feature levels this app can support.
+			ARRAYSIZE(feature_levels),	// Size of the list above.
+			D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
+			&device,					// Returns the Direct3D device created.
+			&d3d_feature_level_,		// Returns feature level of device created.
+			&context					// Returns the device immediate context.
+		);
+
+		if (FAILED(hr))
+		{
+			// If the initialization fails, fall back to the WARP device.
+			// For more information on WARP, see: 
+			// http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=286690
+			hr = modules::DirectX::Get().D3D11CreateDevice(
+				nullptr,
+				D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP, // Create a WARP device instead of a hardware device.
+				0,
+				creation_flags,
+				feature_levels,
+				ARRAYSIZE(feature_levels),
+				D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
+				&device,
+				&d3d_feature_level_,
+				&context
+			);
+		}
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			d3d_device_ = device;
+			d3d_device_context_ = context;
+
+			ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> dxgi_adapter;
+			ComPtr<IDXGIDevice> dxgi_device;
+			ComPtr<IDXGIFactory> dxgi_factory;
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Device> d2d_device;
+
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = d3d_device_->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgi_device));
+			}
+
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = dxgi_device->GetAdapter(&dxgi_adapter);
+			}
+
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = dxgi_adapter->GetParent(IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgi_factory));
+			}
+
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				dxgi_factory_ = dxgi_factory;
+			}
+
+			// Create the Direct2D device object and a corresponding context.
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = GetD2DFactory()->CreateDevice(dxgi_device.Get(), &d2d_device);
+			}
+
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = SetD2DDevice(d2d_device);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return hr;
+	}
+
+	HRESULT D3D11DeviceResources::CreateWindowSizeDependentResources()
+	{
+		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+		// Clear the previous window size specific context.
+		ID3D11RenderTargetView* null_views[] = { nullptr };
+		SetTargetBitmap(nullptr);
+		d3d_device_context_->OMSetRenderTargets(ARRAYSIZE(null_views), null_views, nullptr);
+		d3d_device_context_->Flush();
+
+		// Calculate the necessary render target size in pixels.
+		output_size_.x = DX::ConvertDipsToPixels(logical_size_.x, dpi_);
+		output_size_.y = DX::ConvertDipsToPixels(logical_size_.y, dpi_);
+
+		// Prevent zero size DirectX content from being created.
+		output_size_.x = std::max(output_size_.x, 1.f);
+		output_size_.y = std::max(output_size_.y, 1.f);
+
+		if (dxgi_swap_chain_)
+		{
+			// If the swap chain already exists, resize it.
+			hr = dxgi_swap_chain_->ResizeBuffers(
+				2, // Double-buffered swap chain.
+				::lround(output_size_.x),
+				::lround(output_size_.y),
+				DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM,
+				0);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			// Setup swap chain
+			DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swap_chain_desc = { 0 };
+
+			swap_chain_desc.BufferCount = 2;
+			swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Width = ::lround(output_size_.x);
+			swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Height = ::lround(output_size_.y);
+			swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
+			swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 60;
+			swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 1;
+			swap_chain_desc.Flags = DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_FLAG_ALLOW_MODE_SWITCH;
+			swap_chain_desc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
+			swap_chain_desc.OutputWindow = hwnd_;
+			swap_chain_desc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
+			swap_chain_desc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
+			swap_chain_desc.Windowed = TRUE;
+			swap_chain_desc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
+
+			ComPtr<IDXGIDevice> dxgi_device;
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = d3d_device_->QueryInterface(&dxgi_device);
+			}
+
+			ComPtr<IDXGIAdapter> dxgi_adapter;
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = dxgi_device->GetAdapter(&dxgi_adapter);
+			}
+
+			ComPtr<IDXGIFactory> dxgi_factory;
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = dxgi_adapter->GetParent(IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgi_factory));
+			}
+
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = dxgi_factory->CreateSwapChain(
+					d3d_device_.Get(),
+					&swap_chain_desc,
+					&dxgi_swap_chain_);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			// Set the 3D rendering viewport to target the entire window.
+			CD3D11_VIEWPORT screen_viewport(
+				0.0f,
+				0.0f,
+				output_size_.x,
+				output_size_.y);
+
+			d3d_device_context_->RSSetViewports(1, &screen_viewport);
+		}
+
+		// Create a Direct2D target bitmap associated with the
+		// swap chain back buffer and set it as the current target.
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			D2D1_BITMAP_PROPERTIES1 bitmap_props =
+				D2D1::BitmapProperties1(
+					D2D1_BITMAP_OPTIONS_TARGET | D2D1_BITMAP_OPTIONS_CANNOT_DRAW,
+					D2D1::PixelFormat(DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED),
+					dpi_,
+					dpi_);
+
+			ComPtr<IDXGISurface> dxgi_back_buffer;
+			hr = dxgi_swap_chain_->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&dxgi_back_buffer));
+
+			ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap1> target;
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				hr = GetD2DDeviceContext()->CreateBitmapFromDxgiSurface(
+					dxgi_back_buffer.Get(),
+					&bitmap_props,
+					&target);
+			}
+
+			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+			{
+				SetTargetBitmap(target);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return hr;
+	}
+
+	HRESULT D3D11DeviceResources::HandleDeviceLost()
+	{
+		dxgi_swap_chain_ = nullptr;
+
+		HRESULT hr = CreateDeviceResources();
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		{
+			hr = CreateWindowSizeDependentResources();
+		}
+		return hr;
+	}
+
+	void D3D11DeviceResources::SetLogicalSize(Size logical_size)
+	{
+		if (logical_size_ != logical_size)
+		{
+			logical_size_ = logical_size;
+
+			ThrowIfFailed(
+				CreateWindowSizeDependentResources()
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	void D3D11DeviceResources::SetDpi(float dpi)
+	{
+		if (dpi != dpi_)
+		{
+			dpi_ = dpi;
+
+			RECT rc;
+			GetClientRect(hwnd_, &rc);
+
+			logical_size_.x = float(rc.right - rc.left);
+			logical_size_.y = float(rc.bottom - rc.top);
+
+			GetD2DDeviceContext()->SetDpi(dpi_, dpi_);
+
+			ThrowIfFailed(
+				CreateWindowSizeDependentResources()
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+}
--- a/src/dx/D3D11DeviceResources.h
+++ b/src/dx/D3D11DeviceResources.h
@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#pragma once
+#include "helper.hpp"
+#include "D2DDeviceResources.h"
+#include <d3d11.h>
+
+namespace easy2d
+{
+	class E2D_API D3D11DeviceResources
+		: public D2DDeviceResources
+	{
+	public:
+		static HRESULT Create(
+			D3D11DeviceResources** device_resources,
+			HWND hwnd
+		);
+
+		HRESULT HandleDeviceLost();
+
+		void SetLogicalSize(
+			Size logical_size
+		);
+
+		void SetDpi(
+			float dpi
+		);
+
+		void DiscardResources();
+
+		inline ID3D11Device*			GetD3DDevice() const			{ return d3d_device_.Get(); }
+		inline ID3D11DeviceContext*		GetD3DDeviceContext() const		{ return d3d_device_context_.Get(); }
+		inline IDXGIFactory*			GetDXGIFactory() const			{ return dxgi_factory_.Get(); }
+		inline IDXGISwapChain*			GetDXGISwapChain() const		{ return dxgi_swap_chain_.Get(); }
+
+		inline D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL		GetDeviceFeatureLevel() const	{ return d3d_feature_level_; }
+		inline Size const&				GetLogicalSize() const			{ return logical_size_; }
+		inline Size const&				GetOutputSize() const			{ return output_size_; }
+		inline float					GetDpi() const					{ return dpi_; }
+
+	protected:
+		D3D11DeviceResources();
+
+		virtual ~D3D11DeviceResources();
+
+	protected:
+		HRESULT CreateDeviceResources();
+
+		HRESULT CreateWindowSizeDependentResources();
+
+	private:
+		HWND hwnd_;
+		float dpi_;
+		Size logical_size_;
+		Size output_size_;
+		D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL d3d_feature_level_;
+
+		ComPtr<ID3D11Device>		d3d_device_;
+		ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext>	d3d_device_context_;
+		ComPtr<IDXGISwapChain>		dxgi_swap_chain_;
+		ComPtr<IDXGIFactory>		dxgi_factory_;
+	};
+
+}
--- a/src/dx/DeviceResources.h
+++ b/src/dx/DeviceResources.h
@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#pragma once
+#include "D3D11DeviceResources.h"
+
+namespace easy2d
+{
+	using DeviceResources = D3D11DeviceResources;
+}
--- a/src/core/TextRenderer.cpp
+++ b/src/core/TextRenderer.cpp
@ -24,17 +24,17 @@

 namespace easy2d
 {
-	class TextRendererImpl
+	class TextRenderer
 		: public ITextRenderer
 	{
 	public:
-		TextRendererImpl(
-			ID2D1Factory* pD2DFactory,
-			ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT,
-			ID2D1SolidColorBrush* pBrush
+		TextRenderer(
+			ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT
 		);

-		~TextRendererImpl();
+		~TextRenderer();
+
+		STDMETHOD(CreateDeviceResources)();

 		STDMETHOD_(void, SetTextStyle)(
 			CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &fillColor,
@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		D2D1_COLOR_F			sOutlineColor_;
 		FLOAT					fOutlineWidth;
 		BOOL					bShowOutline_;
-		ID2D1Factory*			pD2DFactory_;
+		ID2D1Factory*			pFactory_;
 		ID2D1RenderTarget*		pRT_;
 		ID2D1SolidColorBrush*	pBrush_;
 		ID2D1StrokeStyle*		pCurrStrokeStyle_;
@ -117,43 +117,72 @@ namespace easy2d

 	HRESULT ITextRenderer::Create(
 		ITextRenderer** ppTextRenderer,
-		ID2D1Factory* pD2DFactory,
-		ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT,
-		ID2D1SolidColorBrush* pBrush)
+		ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT)
 	{
-		*ppTextRenderer = new (std::nothrow) TextRendererImpl(pD2DFactory, pRT, pBrush);
-		if (*ppTextRenderer)
+		HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
+
+		if (ppTextRenderer)
 		{
-			(*ppTextRenderer)->AddRef();
-			return S_OK;
+			TextRenderer* pTextRenderer = new (std::nothrow) TextRenderer(pRT);
+			if (pTextRenderer)
+			{
+				hr = pTextRenderer->CreateDeviceResources();
+
+				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+				{
+					pTextRenderer->AddRef();
+
+					DX::SafeRelease(*ppTextRenderer);
+					(*ppTextRenderer) = pTextRenderer;
+					return S_OK;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					delete pTextRenderer;
+					pTextRenderer = NULL;
+				}
+			}
 		}
-		return E_FAIL;
+		return hr;
 	}

-	TextRendererImpl::TextRendererImpl(ID2D1Factory* pD2DFactory, ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT, ID2D1SolidColorBrush* pBrush)
+	TextRenderer::TextRenderer(ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT)
 		: cRefCount_(0)
-		, pD2DFactory_(pD2DFactory)
+		, pFactory_(NULL)
 		, pRT_(pRT)
-		, pBrush_(pBrush)
+		, pBrush_(NULL)
 		, sFillColor_()
 		, sOutlineColor_()
 		, fOutlineWidth(1)
 		, bShowOutline_(TRUE)
-		, pCurrStrokeStyle_(nullptr)
+		, pCurrStrokeStyle_(NULL)
 	{
-		pD2DFactory->AddRef();
-		pRT->AddRef();
-		pBrush->AddRef();
+		pRT_->AddRef();
+		pRT_->GetFactory(&pFactory_);
 	}

-	TextRendererImpl::~TextRendererImpl()
+	TextRenderer::~TextRenderer()
 	{
-		SafeRelease(pD2DFactory_);
-		SafeRelease(pRT_);
-		SafeRelease(pBrush_);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pFactory_);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pRT_);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pBrush_);
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP_(void) TextRendererImpl::SetTextStyle(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::CreateDeviceResources()
+	{
+		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+		DX::SafeRelease(pBrush_);
+
+		hr = pRT_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
+			D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White),
+			&pBrush_
+		);
+
+		return hr;
+	}
+
+	STDMETHODIMP_(void) TextRenderer::SetTextStyle(
 		CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &fillColor,
 		BOOL outline,
 		CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &outlineColor,
@ -167,7 +196,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		pCurrStrokeStyle_ = outlineJoin;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP TextRendererImpl::DrawGlyphRun(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawGlyphRun(
 		__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
 		FLOAT baselineOriginX,
 		FLOAT baselineOriginY,
@ -183,12 +212,12 @@ namespace easy2d

 		HRESULT hr = S_OK;

-		ID2D1PathGeometry* pPathGeometry = nullptr;
-		hr = pD2DFactory_->CreatePathGeometry(
+		ID2D1PathGeometry* pPathGeometry = NULL;
+		hr = pFactory_->CreatePathGeometry(
 			&pPathGeometry
 		);

-		ID2D1GeometrySink* pSink = nullptr;
+		ID2D1GeometrySink* pSink = NULL;
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
 			hr = pPathGeometry->Open(
@ -221,10 +250,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 			baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY
 		);

-		ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = nullptr;
+		ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = NULL;
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			hr = pD2DFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
+			hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
 				pPathGeometry,
 				&matrix,
 				&pTransformedGeometry
@ -253,14 +282,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 			);
 		}

-		SafeRelease(pPathGeometry);
-		SafeRelease(pSink);
-		SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pPathGeometry);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pSink);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);

 		return hr;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP TextRendererImpl::DrawUnderline(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawUnderline(
 		__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
 		FLOAT baselineOriginX,
 		FLOAT baselineOriginY,
@ -279,8 +308,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 			underline->offset + underline->thickness
 		);

-		ID2D1RectangleGeometry* pRectangleGeometry = nullptr;
-		hr = pD2DFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(
+		ID2D1RectangleGeometry* pRectangleGeometry = NULL;
+		hr = pFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(
 			&rect,
 			&pRectangleGeometry
 		);
@ -291,10 +320,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 			baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY
 		);

-		ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = nullptr;
+		ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = NULL;
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			hr = pD2DFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
+			hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
 				pRectangleGeometry,
 				&matrix,
 				&pTransformedGeometry
@ -323,13 +352,13 @@ namespace easy2d
 			);
 		}

-		SafeRelease(pRectangleGeometry);
-		SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pRectangleGeometry);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);

 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP TextRendererImpl::DrawStrikethrough(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawStrikethrough(
 		__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
 		FLOAT baselineOriginX,
 		FLOAT baselineOriginY,
@ -348,8 +377,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 			strikethrough->offset + strikethrough->thickness
 		);

-		ID2D1RectangleGeometry* pRectangleGeometry = nullptr;
-		hr = pD2DFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(
+		ID2D1RectangleGeometry* pRectangleGeometry = NULL;
+		hr = pFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(
 			&rect,
 			&pRectangleGeometry
 		);
@ -360,10 +389,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 			baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY
 		);

-		ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = nullptr;
+		ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = NULL;
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			hr = pD2DFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
+			hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
 				pRectangleGeometry,
 				&matrix,
 				&pTransformedGeometry
@ -392,13 +421,13 @@ namespace easy2d
 			);
 		}

-		SafeRelease(pRectangleGeometry);
-		SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pRectangleGeometry);
+		DX::SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);

 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP TextRendererImpl::DrawInlineObject(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawInlineObject(
 		__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
 		FLOAT originX,
 		FLOAT originY,
@ -417,12 +446,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return E_NOTIMPL;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP_(unsigned long) TextRendererImpl::AddRef()
+	STDMETHODIMP_(unsigned long) TextRenderer::AddRef()
 	{
 		return InterlockedIncrement(&cRefCount_);
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP_(unsigned long) TextRendererImpl::Release()
+	STDMETHODIMP_(unsigned long) TextRenderer::Release()
 	{
 		unsigned long newCount = InterlockedDecrement(&cRefCount_);

@ -435,7 +464,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return newCount;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP TextRendererImpl::IsPixelSnappingDisabled(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::IsPixelSnappingDisabled(
 		__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
 		__out BOOL* isDisabled)
 	{
@ -445,7 +474,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP TextRendererImpl::GetCurrentTransform(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::GetCurrentTransform(
 		__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
 		__out DWRITE_MATRIX* transform)
 	{
@ -455,7 +484,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP TextRendererImpl::GetPixelsPerDip(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::GetPixelsPerDip(
 		__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
 		__out FLOAT* pixelsPerDip)
 	{
@ -469,7 +498,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return S_OK;
 	}

-	STDMETHODIMP TextRendererImpl::QueryInterface(
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::QueryInterface(
 		IID const& riid,
 		void** ppvObject)
 	{
@ -487,7 +516,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			*ppvObject = nullptr;
+			*ppvObject = NULL;
 			return E_FAIL;
 		}

--- a/src/core/TextRenderer.h
+++ b/src/core/TextRenderer.h
@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.

 #pragma once
-#include "d2dhelper.hpp"
+#include "helper.hpp"
+#include <dwrite.h>

 namespace easy2d
 {
@ -29,9 +30,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	public:
 		static E2D_API HRESULT Create(
 			_Out_ ITextRenderer** ppTextRenderer,
-			_In_ ID2D1Factory* pD2DFactory,
-			_In_ ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT,
-			_In_ ID2D1SolidColorBrush* pBrush
+			_In_ ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT
 		);

 		STDMETHOD_(void, SetTextStyle)(
@ -43,5 +42,3 @@ namespace easy2d
 		) PURE;
 	};
 }
-
-E2D_DECLARE_D2D_SMART_PTR(easy2d::ITextRenderer, D2DTextRendererPtr);
--- a/src/dx/helper.hpp
+++ b/src/dx/helper.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#pragma once
+#include "../core/IntrusivePtr.hpp"
+#include "../core/Color.h"
+#include "../math/vector.hpp"
+#include "../math/Rect.hpp"
+#include "../math/Matrix.hpp"
+#include <d2d1.h>
+
+namespace easy2d
+{
+	// ComPtr<> is a smart pointer for COM
+	template <typename _Ty>
+	using ComPtr = IntrusivePtr<_Ty>;
+
+
+	inline void IntrusivePtrAddRef(IUnknown* ptr)
+	{
+		if (ptr) { ptr->AddRef(); }
+	}
+
+	inline void IntrusivePtrRelease(IUnknown* ptr)
+	{
+		if (ptr) { ptr->Release(); }
+	}
+
+	namespace DX
+	{
+		template <typename T>
+		inline void SafeRelease(T*& ptr)
+		{
+			if (ptr != nullptr)
+			{
+				ptr->Release();
+				ptr = nullptr;
+			}
+		}
+
+		inline D2D1_POINT_2F const& ConvertToPoint2F(math::Vec2 const& point)
+		{
+			return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_POINT_2F const&>(point);
+		}
+
+		inline D2D1_SIZE_F const& ConvertToSizeF(math::Vec2 const& size)
+		{
+			return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_SIZE_F const&>(size);
+		}
+
+		inline D2D1_RECT_F ConvertToRectF(math::Rect const& rect)
+		{
+			return D2D1_RECT_F{ rect.origin.x, rect.origin.y, rect.origin.x + rect.size.x, rect.origin.y + rect.size.y };
+		}
+
+		inline D2D1_COLOR_F const& ConvertToColorF(Color const& color)
+		{
+			return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_COLOR_F const&>(color);
+		}
+
+		inline D2D1_MATRIX_3X2_F const& ConvertToMatrix3x2F(math::Matrix const& matrix)
+		{
+			return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_MATRIX_3X2_F const&>(matrix);
+		}
+
+		// Converts a length in device-independent pixels (DIPs) to a length in physical pixels.
+		inline float ConvertDipsToPixels(float dips, float dpi)
+		{
+			static const float dips_per_inch = 96.0f;
+			return math::Floor(dips * dpi / dips_per_inch + 0.5f); // Round to nearest integer.
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/src/easy2d.h
+++ b/src/easy2d.h
@ -77,7 +77,6 @@
 #include "core/GeometryNode.h"
 #include "core/DebugNode.h"

-#include "core/Factory.h"
 #include "core/Application.h"


@ -90,7 +89,7 @@
 #include "math/ease.hpp"
 #include "math/vector.hpp"
 #include "math/rand.h"
-#include "math/Matrix.h"
+#include "math/Matrix.hpp"


 //
--- a/src/math/Matrix.cpp
+++ b/src/math/Matrix.cpp
@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
-// 
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-// 
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-// 
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-#include "Matrix.h"
-
-namespace easy2d
-{
-	namespace math
-	{
-		Matrix::Matrix()
-			: _11(1.f), _12(0.f)
-			, _21(0.f), _22(1.f)
-			, _31(0.f), _32(0.f)
-		{
-		}
-
-		Matrix::Matrix(float _11, float _12, float _21, float _22, float _31, float _32)
-			: _11(_11), _12(_12), _21(_21), _22(_22), _31(_31), _32(_32)
-		{
-		}
-
-		Matrix::Matrix(const float* p)
-		{
-			for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
-				m[i] = p[i];
-		}
-
-		Matrix::Matrix(Matrix const& other)
-			: _11(other._11), _12(other._12)
-			, _21(other._21), _22(other._22)
-			, _31(other._31), _32(other._32)
-		{
-		}
-
-		void Matrix::Identity()
-		{
-			_11 = 1.f; _12 = 0.f;
-			_21 = 0.f; _12 = 1.f;
-			_31 = 0.f; _32 = 0.f;
-		}
-
-		Rect Matrix::Transform(const Rect & rect) const
-		{
-			Vec2 top_left = Transform(rect.GetLeftTop());
-			Vec2 top_right = Transform(rect.GetRightTop());
-			Vec2 bottom_left = Transform(rect.GetLeftBottom());
-			Vec2 bottom_right = Transform(rect.GetRightBottom());
-
-			float left = std::min(std::min(top_left.x, top_right.x), std::min(bottom_left.x, bottom_right.x));
-			float right = std::max(std::max(top_left.x, top_right.x), std::max(bottom_left.x, bottom_right.x));
-			float top = std::min(std::min(top_left.y, top_right.y), std::min(bottom_left.y, bottom_right.y));
-			float bottom = std::max(std::max(top_left.y, top_right.y), std::max(bottom_left.y, bottom_right.y));
-
-			return Rect{ left, top, (right - left), (bottom - top) };
-		}
-
-		Matrix Matrix::Translation(const Vec2& v)
-		{
-			return Matrix(
-				1.f, 0.f,
-				0.f, 1.f,
-				v.x, v.y
-			);
-		}
-
-		Matrix Matrix::Translation(
-			float x,
-			float y)
-		{
-			return Translation(Vec2(x, y));
-		}
-
-		Matrix Matrix::Scaling(
-			const Vec2& v,
-			const Vec2& center)
-		{
-			return Matrix(
-				v.x, 0.f,
-				0.f, v.y,
-				center.x - v.x * center.x,
-				center.y - v.y * center.y
-			);
-		}
-
-		Matrix Matrix::Scaling(
-			float x,
-			float y,
-			const Vec2& center)
-		{
-			return Scaling(Vec2(x, y), center);
-		}
-
-		Matrix Matrix::Rotation(
-			float angle,
-			const Vec2& center)
-		{
-			float s = math::Sin(angle);
-			float c = math::Cos(angle);
-			return Matrix(
-				c, s,
-				-s, c,
-				center.x * (1 - c) + center.y * s,
-				center.y * (1 - c) - center.x * s
-			);
-		}
-
-		Matrix Matrix::Skewing(
-			float angle_x,
-			float angle_y,
-			const Vec2& center)
-		{
-			float tx = math::Tan(angle_x);
-			float ty = math::Tan(angle_y);
-			return Matrix(
-				1.f, -ty,
-				-tx, 1.f,
-				center.y * tx, center.x * ty
-			);
-		}
-
-		Matrix Matrix::Invert(Matrix const& matrix)
-		{
-			float det = 1.f / matrix.Determinant();
-
-			return Matrix(
-				det * matrix._22,
-				-det * matrix._12,
-				-det * matrix._21,
-				det * matrix._11,
-				det * (matrix._21 * matrix._32 - matrix._22 * matrix._31),
-				det * (matrix._12 * matrix._31 - matrix._11 * matrix._32)
-			);
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/src/math/Matrix.hpp
+++ b/src/math/Matrix.hpp
@ -21,12 +21,13 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "vector.hpp"
 #include "Rect.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>

 namespace easy2d
 {
 	namespace math
 	{
-		struct E2D_API Matrix
+		struct Matrix
 		{
 			union
 			{
@ -44,13 +45,30 @@ namespace easy2d
 				};
 			};

-			Matrix();
+			Matrix()
+				: _11(1.f), _12(0.f)
+				, _21(0.f), _22(1.f)
+				, _31(0.f), _32(0.f)
+			{
+			}

-			Matrix(float _11, float _12, float _21, float _22, float _31, float _32);
+			Matrix(float _11, float _12, float _21, float _22, float _31, float _32)
+				: _11(_11), _12(_12), _21(_21), _22(_22), _31(_31), _32(_32)
+			{
+			}

-			Matrix(const float* p);
+			Matrix(const float* p)
+			{
+				for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+					m[i] = p[i];
+			}

-			Matrix(Matrix const& other);
+			Matrix(Matrix const& other)
+				: _11(other._11), _12(other._12)
+				, _21(other._21), _22(other._22)
+				, _31(other._31), _32(other._32)
+			{
+			}

 			template <typename T>
 			Matrix(T const& other)
@ -59,7 +77,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 					m[i] = other[i];
 			}

-			void Identity();
+			inline void Identity()
+			{
+				_11 = 1.f; _12 = 0.f;
+				_21 = 0.f; _12 = 1.f;
+				_31 = 0.f; _32 = 0.f;
+			}

 			inline Vec2 Transform(const Vec2& v) const
 			{
@ -69,7 +92,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 				);
 			}

-			Rect Transform(const Rect& rect) const;
+			Rect Transform(const Rect & rect) const
+			{
+				Vec2 top_left = Transform(rect.GetLeftTop());
+				Vec2 top_right = Transform(rect.GetRightTop());
+				Vec2 bottom_left = Transform(rect.GetLeftBottom());
+				Vec2 bottom_right = Transform(rect.GetRightBottom());
+
+				float left = std::min(std::min(top_left.x, top_right.x), std::min(bottom_left.x, bottom_right.x));
+				float right = std::max(std::max(top_left.x, top_right.x), std::max(bottom_left.x, bottom_right.x));
+				float top = std::min(std::min(top_left.y, top_right.y), std::min(bottom_left.y, bottom_right.y));
+				float bottom = std::max(std::max(top_left.y, top_right.y), std::max(bottom_left.y, bottom_right.y));
+
+				return Rect{ left, top, (right - left), (bottom - top) };
+			}

 			inline void Translate(const Vec2& v)
 			{
@ -107,46 +143,83 @@ namespace easy2d
 				return 0 != Determinant();
 			}

-			inline operator D2D1_MATRIX_3X2_F const& () const
+			static inline Matrix Translation(const Vec2& v)
 			{
-				return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_MATRIX_3X2_F const&>(*this);
+				return Matrix(
+					1.f, 0.f,
+					0.f, 1.f,
+					v.x, v.y
+				);
 			}

-			inline operator D2D1_MATRIX_3X2_F& ()
-			{
-				return reinterpret_cast<D2D1_MATRIX_3X2_F&>(*this);
-			}
-
-			static Matrix Translation(const Vec2& v);
-
-			static Matrix Translation(
+			static inline Matrix Translation(
 				float x,
-				float y
-			);
+				float y)
+			{
+				return Translation(Vec2(x, y));
+			}

-			static Matrix Scaling(
+			static inline Matrix Scaling(
 				const Vec2& v,
-				const Vec2& center = Vec2()
-			);
+				const Vec2& center = Vec2())
+			{
+				return Matrix(
+					v.x, 0.f,
+					0.f, v.y,
+					center.x - v.x * center.x,
+					center.y - v.y * center.y
+				);
+			}

-			static Matrix Scaling(
+			static inline Matrix Scaling(
 				float x,
 				float y,
-				const Vec2& center = Vec2()
-			);
+				const Vec2& center = Vec2())
+			{
+				return Scaling(Vec2(x, y), center);
+			}

-			static Matrix Rotation(
+			static inline Matrix Rotation(
 				float angle,
-				const Vec2& center = Vec2()
-			);
+				const Vec2& center = Vec2())
+			{
+				float s = math::Sin(angle);
+				float c = math::Cos(angle);
+				return Matrix(
+					c, s,
+					-s, c,
+					center.x * (1 - c) + center.y * s,
+					center.y * (1 - c) - center.x * s
+				);
+			}

-			static Matrix Skewing(
+			static inline Matrix Skewing(
 				float angle_x,
 				float angle_y,
-				const Vec2& center = Vec2()
-			);
+				const Vec2& center = Vec2())
+			{
+				float tx = math::Tan(angle_x);
+				float ty = math::Tan(angle_y);
+				return Matrix(
+					1.f, -ty,
+					-tx, 1.f,
+					center.y * tx, center.x * ty
+				);
+			}

-			static Matrix Invert(Matrix const& matrix);
+			static inline Matrix Invert(Matrix const& matrix)
+			{
+				float det = 1.f / matrix.Determinant();
+
+				return Matrix(
+					det * matrix._22,
+					-det * matrix._12,
+					-det * matrix._21,
+					det * matrix._11,
+					det * (matrix._21 * matrix._32 - matrix._22 * matrix._31),
+					det * (matrix._12 * matrix._31 - matrix._11 * matrix._32)
+				);
+			}
 		};


--- a/src/math/Rect.hpp
+++ b/src/math/Rect.hpp
@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	namespace math
 	{
 		// 矩形
-		struct E2D_API Rect
+		struct Rect
 		{
 			Vec2	origin;	// 左上角坐标
 			Vec2	size;	// 宽度和高度
--- a/src/math/scalar.hpp
+++ b/src/math/scalar.hpp
@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.

 #pragma once
-#include "../core/macros.h"
 #include "constants.hpp"
 #include <cmath>

--- a/src/math/vector.hpp
+++ b/src/math/vector.hpp
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 {
 	namespace math
 	{
-		struct E2D_API Vec2
+		struct Vec2
 		{
 			float x;
 			float y;
@ -81,6 +81,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 			{
 				return (x == other.x) && (y == other.y);
 			}
+
+			inline bool operator!= (const Vec2& other) const
+			{
+				return (x != other.x) || (y != other.y);
+			}
 		};

 		using Point = Vec2;
--- a/src/utils/Transcoder.cpp
+++ b/src/utils/Transcoder.cpp
@ -23,9 +23,9 @@
 #endif

 #include "Transcoder.h"
-#include "../core/d2dhelper.hpp"
 #include "../core/modules.h"
 #include "../core/logs.h"
+#include "../DX/helper.hpp"
 #include <shlwapi.h>

 namespace easy2d
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		HRESULT hr = S_OK;

-		IntrusivePtr<IMFSourceReader> reader;
+		ComPtr<IMFSourceReader> reader;

 		hr = modules::MediaFoundation::Get().MFCreateSourceReaderFromURL(
 			file_path.c_str(),
@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		HRESULT	hr = S_OK;

-		IntrusivePtr<IStream> stream;
-		IntrusivePtr<IMFByteStream> byte_stream;
-		IntrusivePtr<IMFSourceReader> reader;
+		ComPtr<IStream> stream;
+		ComPtr<IMFByteStream> byte_stream;
+		ComPtr<IMFSourceReader> reader;

 		LPVOID buffer;
 		DWORD buffer_size;
@ -119,8 +119,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
 		DWORD max_stream_size = 0;

-		IntrusivePtr<IMFMediaType> partial_type;
-		IntrusivePtr<IMFMediaType> uncompressed_type;
+		ComPtr<IMFMediaType> partial_type;
+		ComPtr<IMFMediaType> uncompressed_type;

 		hr = modules::MediaFoundation::Get().MFCreateMediaType(&partial_type);

@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 			DWORD position = 0;
 			BYTE* data = new (std::nothrow) BYTE[max_stream_size];

-			IntrusivePtr<IMFSample> sample;
-			IntrusivePtr<IMFMediaBuffer> buffer;
+			ComPtr<IMFSample> sample;
+			ComPtr<IMFMediaBuffer> buffer;

 			if (data == nullptr)
 			{