diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
index 09c9e911..c778f2e9 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
@@ -223,21 +223,22 @@ void Canvas::DrawTexture(TexturePtr texture, const Rect* src_rect, const Rect* d
     }
 }
 
-void Canvas::DrawTextLayout(String const& text, Point const& point)
+void Canvas::DrawTextLayout(String const& text, TextStyle const& style, Point const& point)
 {
     if (text.empty())
         return;
 
-    TextLayout layout;
-    layout.SetStyle(text_style_);
-    layout.SetText(text);
-    DrawTextLayout(layout, point);
+    DrawTextLayout(TextLayout::Create(text, style), point);
 }
 
-void Canvas::DrawTextLayout(TextLayout const& layout, Point const& point)
+void Canvas::DrawTextLayout(TextLayoutPtr layout, Point const& point)
 {
     KGE_ASSERT(ctx_);
-    ctx_->DrawTextLayout(layout, point);
+    if (layout)
+    {
+        ctx_->DrawTextLayout(*layout, point);
+        cache_expired_ = true;
+    }
 }
 
 void Canvas::BeginPath(Point const& begin_pos)
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
index b08696b8..d5580bc9 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
@@ -126,14 +126,15 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 绘制文字布局
     /// @param text 文字
+    /// @param style 文字样式
     /// @param point 绘制文字的位置
-    void DrawTextLayout(String const& text, Point const& point);
+    void DrawTextLayout(String const& text, TextStyle const& style, Point const& point);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 绘制文字布局
     /// @param layout 文字布局
     /// @param point 绘制布局的位置
-    void DrawTextLayout(TextLayout const& layout, Point const& point);
+    void DrawTextLayout(TextLayoutPtr layout, Point const& point);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 开始绘制路径
@@ -218,11 +219,6 @@ public:
     /// @param stroke_style 轮廓样式
     void SetStrokeStyle(StrokeStylePtr stroke_style);
 
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文字画刷样式
-    /// @param text_style 文字画刷样式
-    void SetTextStyle(TextStyle const& text_style);
-
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置画刷
     /// @param[in] brush 画刷
@@ -285,7 +281,6 @@ private:
 
 private:
     float          stroke_width_;
-    TextStyle      text_style_;
     StrokeStylePtr stroke_style_;
     ShapeSink      shape_sink_;
     BrushPtr       fill_brush_;
@@ -313,11 +308,6 @@ inline void Canvas::SetStrokeStyle(StrokeStylePtr stroke_style)
     stroke_style_ = stroke_style;
 }
 
-inline void Canvas::SetTextStyle(TextStyle const& text_style)
-{
-    text_style_ = text_style;
-}
-
 inline void Canvas::SetStrokeColor(Color const& color)
 {
     if (!stroke_brush_)
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp
index c5811996..0f8626b2 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp
@@ -59,13 +59,11 @@ DebugActor::DebugActor()
     BrushPtr fill_brush = new Brush;
     fill_brush->SetColor(Color::White);
 
-    TextStyle style;
-    style.font_family  = "Arial";
-    style.font_size    = 16.f;
-    style.font_weight  = FontWeight::Normal;
-    style.line_spacing = 20.f;
-    style.fill_brush   = fill_brush;
-    debug_text_.SetStyle(style);
+    debug_text_style_.font_family  = "Arial";
+    debug_text_style_.font_size    = 16.f;
+    debug_text_style_.font_weight  = FontWeight::Normal;
+    debug_text_style_.line_spacing = 20.f;
+    debug_text_style_.fill_brush   = fill_brush;
 
     AddListener<MouseHoverEvent>([=](Event*) { SetOpacity(0.4f); });
     AddListener<MouseOutEvent>([=](Event*) { SetOpacity(1.f); });
@@ -124,8 +122,7 @@ void DebugActor::OnUpdate(Duration dt)
         ss << pmc.PrivateUsage / 1024 << "Kb";
     }
 
-    debug_text_.SetText(ss.str());
-    debug_text_.Update();
+    debug_text_.Reset(ss.str(), debug_text_style_);
 
     Size layout_size = debug_text_.GetLayoutSize();
     if (layout_size.x > GetWidth() - 20)
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h b/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h
index 2a0a9c73..7b56a6bf 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ protected:
 private:
     std::locale comma_locale_;
     BrushPtr    background_brush_;
+    TextStyle   debug_text_style_;
     TextLayout  debug_text_;
     List<Time>  frame_time_;
 };
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp
index 28be3a67..d3cce1d0 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp
@@ -40,23 +40,25 @@ TextActorPtr TextActor::Create(const String& text, const TextStyle& style)
     TextActorPtr ptr = new (std::nothrow) TextActor;
     if (ptr)
     {
-        ptr->SetText(text);
         ptr->SetStyle(style);
+        ptr->SetText(text);
     }
     return ptr;
 }
 
 TextActor::TextActor()
-    : show_underline_(false)
-    , show_strikethrough_(false)
 {
+    layout_ = TextLayout::Create();
 }
 
 TextActor::~TextActor() {}
 
 void TextActor::OnRender(RenderContext& ctx)
 {
-    ctx.DrawTextLayout(text_layout_);
+    if (layout_)
+    {
+        ctx.DrawTextLayout(*layout_);
+    }
 }
 
 void TextActor::OnUpdate(Duration dt)
@@ -66,48 +68,239 @@ void TextActor::OnUpdate(Duration dt)
 
 void TextActor::UpdateLayout()
 {
-    if (text_layout_.IsDirty())
+    if (!layout_)
+        return;
+
+    if (layout_->GetDirtyFlag() == TextLayout::DirtyFlag::Updated)
     {
-        text_layout_.Update();
-    }
+        layout_->SetDirtyFlag(TextLayout::DirtyFlag::Clean);
 
-    if (text_layout_.GetDirtyFlag() & TextLayout::DirtyFlag::Updated)
-    {
-        text_layout_.SetDirtyFlag(TextLayout::DirtyFlag::Clean);
-
-        if (show_underline_)
-            text_layout_.SetUnderline(true, 0, text_layout_.GetText().length());
-
-        if (show_strikethrough_)
-            text_layout_.SetStrikethrough(true, 0, text_layout_.GetText().length());
-
-        SetSize(text_layout_.GetLayoutSize());
+        if (text_.empty())
+        {
+            SetSize(Size());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            SetSize(layout_->GetLayoutSize());
+        }
     }
 }
 
 bool TextActor::CheckVisibility(RenderContext& ctx) const
 {
-    return text_layout_.IsValid() && Actor::CheckVisibility(ctx);
+    return layout_ && layout_->IsValid() && Actor::CheckVisibility(ctx);
 }
 
 void TextActor::SetFillColor(Color const& color)
 {
-    if (!text_layout_.GetFillBrush())
+    BrushPtr brush = layout_->GetDefaultFillBrush();
+    if (brush)
     {
-        BrushPtr brush = new Brush;
-        text_layout_.SetFillBrush(brush);
+        brush->SetColor(color);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        layout_->SetDefaultFillBrush(Brush::Create(color));
     }
-    text_layout_.GetFillBrush()->SetColor(color);
 }
 
 void TextActor::SetOutlineColor(Color const& outline_color)
 {
-    if (!text_layout_.GetOutlineBrush())
+    BrushPtr brush = layout_->GetDefaultOutlineBrush();
+    if (brush)
     {
-        BrushPtr brush = new Brush;
-        text_layout_.SetOutlineBrush(brush);
+        brush->SetColor(outline_color);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        layout_->SetDefaultOutlineBrush(Brush::Create(outline_color));
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetTextLayout(TextLayoutPtr layout)
+{
+    KGE_ASSERT(layout && "TextLayout must not be nullptr");
+
+    if (layout_ != layout)
+    {
+        layout_ = layout;
+        UpdateLayout();
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetText(String const& text)
+{
+    if (text_ != text)
+    {
+        text_ = text;
+        layout_->Reset(text_, style_);
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetStyle(const TextStyle& style)
+{
+    style_ = style;
+
+    if (!text_.empty())
+    {
+        layout_->Reset(text_, style);
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetFont(FontPtr font)
+{
+    if (style_.font != font)
+    {
+        style_.font = font;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetFont(font, { 0, text_.length() });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetFontFamily(String const& family)
+{
+    if (style_.font_family != family)
+    {
+        style_.font_family = family;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetFontFamily(family, { 0, text_.length() });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetFontSize(float size)
+{
+    if (style_.font_size != size)
+    {
+        style_.font_size = size;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetFontSize(size, { 0, text_.length() });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetFontWeight(uint32_t weight)
+{
+    if (style_.font_weight != weight)
+    {
+        style_.font_weight = weight;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetFontWeight(weight, { 0, text_.length() });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetItalic(bool italic)
+{
+    if (style_.italic != italic)
+    {
+        style_.italic = italic;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetItalic(italic, { 0, text_.length() });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetUnderline(bool enable)
+{
+    if (style_.show_underline != enable)
+    {
+        style_.show_underline = enable;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetUnderline(enable, { 0, text_.length() });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetStrikethrough(bool enable)
+{
+    if (style_.show_strikethrough != enable)
+    {
+        style_.show_strikethrough = enable;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetStrikethrough(enable, { 0, text_.length() });
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetWrapWidth(float wrap_width)
+{
+    if (style_.wrap_width != wrap_width)
+    {
+        style_.wrap_width = wrap_width;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetWrapWidth(wrap_width);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetLineSpacing(float line_spacing)
+{
+    if (style_.line_spacing != line_spacing)
+    {
+        style_.line_spacing = line_spacing;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetLineSpacing(line_spacing);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetAlignment(TextAlign align)
+{
+    if (style_.alignment != align)
+    {
+        style_.alignment = align;
+        if (!text_.empty())
+        {
+            layout_->SetAlignment(align);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+{
+    if (style_.fill_brush != brush)
+    {
+        style_.fill_brush = brush;
+        layout_->SetDefaultFillBrush(brush);
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+{
+    if (style_.outline_brush != brush)
+    {
+        style_.outline_brush = brush;
+        layout_->SetDefaultOutlineBrush(brush);
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width)
+{
+    if (style_.outline_width != outline_width)
+    {
+        style_.outline_width = outline_width;
+        layout_->SetDefaultOutlineWidth(outline_width);
+    }
+}
+
+void TextActor::SetOutlineStrokeStyle(StrokeStylePtr stroke)
+{
+    if (style_.outline_stroke != stroke)
+    {
+        style_.outline_stroke = stroke;
+        layout_->SetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle(stroke);
     }
-    text_layout_.GetOutlineBrush()->SetColor(outline_color);
 }
 
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h b/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h
index 04aa630c..7bc53841 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h
@@ -64,11 +64,7 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取文本布局
-    const TextLayout& GetLayout() const;
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 获取文本布局
-    TextLayout& GetLayout();
+    TextLayoutPtr GetLayout() const;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取文本布局大小
@@ -82,6 +78,10 @@ public:
     /// @brief 获取描边画刷
     BrushPtr GetOutlineBrush() const;
 
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 获取描边线条样式
+    StrokeStylePtr GetOutlineStrokeStyle() const;
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取字体
     FontPtr GetFont() const;
@@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ public:
     void SetOutlineColor(Color const& outline_color);
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文字描边线宽
-    void SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width);
+    /// @brief 设置描边线条样式
+    void SetOutlineStrokeStyle(StrokeStylePtr stroke);
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文字描边线相交样式
-    void SetOutlineStroke(StrokeStylePtr outline_stroke);
+    /// @brief 设置文字描边线宽
+    void SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置是否显示下划线（默认值为 false）
@@ -158,6 +158,10 @@ public:
     /// @brief 设置是否显示删除线（默认值为 false）
     void SetStrikethrough(bool enable);
 
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 设置文本布局
+    void SetTextLayout(TextLayoutPtr layout);
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 更新文字布局
     /// @details 文字布局是懒更新的，手动更新文字布局以更新节点状态
@@ -171,130 +175,55 @@ protected:
     bool CheckVisibility(RenderContext& ctx) const override;
 
 private:
-    bool       show_underline_;
-    bool       show_strikethrough_;
-    TextLayout text_layout_;
+    String        text_;
+    TextStyle     style_;
+    TextLayoutPtr layout_;
 };
 
 /** @} */
 
 inline const String& TextActor::GetText() const
 {
-    return text_layout_.GetText();
+    return text_;
 }
 
 inline FontPtr TextActor::GetFont() const
 {
-    return text_layout_.GetStyle().font;
+    return style_.font;
 }
 
 inline const TextStyle& TextActor::GetStyle() const
 {
-    return text_layout_.GetStyle();
+    return style_;
 }
 
-inline const TextLayout& TextActor::GetLayout() const
+inline TextLayoutPtr TextActor::GetLayout() const
 {
-    return text_layout_;
-}
-
-inline TextLayout& TextActor::GetLayout()
-{
-    return text_layout_;
+    return layout_;
 }
 
 inline Size TextActor::GetLayoutSize() const
 {
-    return text_layout_.GetLayoutSize();
+    if (layout_)
+    {
+        return layout_->GetLayoutSize();
+    }
+    return Size();
 }
 
 inline BrushPtr TextActor::GetFillBrush() const
 {
-    return text_layout_.GetFillBrush();
+    return style_.fill_brush;
 }
 
 inline BrushPtr TextActor::GetOutlineBrush() const
 {
-    return text_layout_.GetOutlineBrush();
+    return style_.outline_brush;
 }
 
-inline void TextActor::SetText(String const& text)
+inline StrokeStylePtr TextActor::GetOutlineStrokeStyle() const
 {
-    text_layout_.SetText(text);
+    return style_.outline_stroke;
 }
 
-inline void TextActor::SetStyle(const TextStyle& style)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetStyle(style);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetFont(FontPtr font)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetFont(font);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetFontFamily(String const& family)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetFontFamily(family);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetFontSize(float size)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetFontSize(size);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetFontWeight(uint32_t weight)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetFontWeight(weight);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetItalic(bool italic)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetItalic(italic);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetWrapWidth(float wrap_width)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetWrapWidth(wrap_width);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetLineSpacing(float line_spacing)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetLineSpacing(line_spacing);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetAlignment(TextAlign align)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetAlignment(align);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetUnderline(bool enable)
-{
-    show_underline_ = enable;
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetStrikethrough(bool enable)
-{
-    show_strikethrough_ = enable;
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetFillBrush(brush);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetOutlineBrush(brush);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetOutlineWidth(outline_width);
-}
-
-inline void TextActor::SetOutlineStroke(StrokeStylePtr outline_stroke)
-{
-    text_layout_.SetOutlineStroke(outline_stroke);
-}
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RenderContextImpl.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RenderContextImpl.cpp
index dca29c5d..389089ba 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RenderContextImpl.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RenderContextImpl.cpp
@@ -116,27 +116,31 @@ void RenderContextImpl::DrawTextLayout(TextLayout const& layout, Point const& of
 
     if (layout.IsValid())
     {
-        ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> fill_brush;
-        ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> outline_brush;
-        const TextStyle&   style = layout.GetStyle();
+        ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>       fill_brush;
+        ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>       outline_brush;
+        ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle> outline_stroke;
 
-        if (style.fill_brush)
+        if (layout.GetDefaultFillBrush())
         {
-            fill_brush = style.fill_brush->GetBrush();
+            fill_brush = layout.GetDefaultFillBrush()->GetBrush();
             fill_brush->SetOpacity(brush_opacity_);
         }
 
-        if (style.outline_brush)
+        if (layout.GetDefaultOutlineBrush())
         {
-            outline_brush = style.outline_brush->GetBrush();
+            outline_brush = layout.GetDefaultOutlineBrush()->GetBrush();
             outline_brush->SetOpacity(brush_opacity_);
         }
 
-        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
-        ID2D1StrokeStyle* stroke_style = style.outline_stroke ? style.outline_stroke->GetStrokeStyle().Get() : nullptr;
+        if (layout.GetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle())
+        {
+            outline_stroke = layout.GetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle()->GetStrokeStyle();
+        }
 
-        hr = text_renderer_->DrawTextLayout(layout.GetTextLayout().Get(), offset.x, offset.y, fill_brush.Get(),
-                                            outline_brush.Get(), style.outline_width, stroke_style);
+        float outline_width = layout.GetDefaultOutlineWidth();
+
+        HRESULT hr = text_renderer_->DrawTextLayout(layout.GetTextLayout().Get(), offset.x, offset.y, fill_brush.Get(),
+                                                    outline_brush.Get(), outline_width, outline_stroke.Get());
 
         if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
         {
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
index ee979335..deb2eef5 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ void RendererImpl::CreateFontCollection(Font& font, Resource const& res)
     KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "Create font collection failed");
 }
 
-void RendererImpl::CreateTextLayout(TextLayout& layout)
+void RendererImpl::CreateTextLayout(TextLayout& layout, const String& content, const TextStyle& style)
 {
     HRESULT hr = S_OK;
     if (!d2d_res_)
@@ -595,111 +595,39 @@ void RendererImpl::CreateTextLayout(TextLayout& layout)
         hr = E_UNEXPECTED;
     }
 
-    if (layout.GetText().empty())
+    if (content.empty())
     {
-        layout.SetTextFormat(nullptr);
         layout.SetTextLayout(nullptr);
         layout.SetDirtyFlag(TextLayout::DirtyFlag::Updated);
         return;
     }
 
-    const TextStyle& style = layout.GetStyle();
-
-    if (!layout.GetTextFormat() || (layout.GetDirtyFlag() & TextLayout::DirtyFlag::DirtyFormat))
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
     {
-        WideString             font_family = style.font_family.empty() ? L"" : string::ToWide(style.font_family);
-        DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT     font_weight = DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT(style.font_weight);
-        DWRITE_FONT_STYLE      font_style  = style.italic ? DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_ITALIC : DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL;
-        IDWriteFontCollection* collection  = style.font ? style.font->GetCollection().Get() : nullptr;
+        ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> format;
+        WideString                font_family = style.font_family.empty() ? L"" : string::ToWide(style.font_family);
+        DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT        font_weight = DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT(style.font_weight);
+        DWRITE_FONT_STYLE         font_style  = style.italic ? DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_ITALIC : DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL;
+        IDWriteFontCollection*    collection  = style.font ? style.font->GetCollection().Get() : nullptr;
 
-        ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> output;
-        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-        {
-            hr = d2d_res_->CreateTextFormat(output, font_family.c_str(), collection, font_weight, font_style,
-                                            DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL, style.font_size);
-        }
+        hr = d2d_res_->CreateTextFormat(format, font_family.c_str(), collection, font_weight, font_style,
+                                        DWRITE_FONT_STRETCH_NORMAL, style.font_size);
 
         if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
         {
-            layout.SetTextFormat(output);
-            layout.SetDirtyFlag(layout.GetDirtyFlag() | TextLayout::DirtyFlag::DirtyLayout);
-        }
-    }
+            ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> output;
+            WideString                wide = string::ToWide(content);
 
-    if (layout.GetDirtyFlag() & TextLayout::DirtyFlag::DirtyLayout)
-    {
-        ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> output;
-
-        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-        {
-            WideString text = string::ToWide(layout.GetText());
-
-            hr = d2d_res_->CreateTextLayout(output, text.c_str(), text.length(), layout.GetTextFormat());
-        }
-
-        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-        {
-            hr = output->SetTextAlignment(DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT(style.alignment));
-        }
-
-        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-        {
-            float wrap_width      = style.wrap_width;
-            bool  enable_wrapping = (wrap_width > 0);
+            hr = d2d_res_->CreateTextLayout(output, wide.c_str(), wide.length(), format);
 
             if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
             {
-                if (enable_wrapping)
-                {
-                    hr = output->SetWordWrapping(DWRITE_WORD_WRAPPING_WRAP);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    hr = output->SetWordWrapping(DWRITE_WORD_WRAPPING_NO_WRAP);
-                }
+                layout.SetTextLayout(output);
+                layout.SetDirtyFlag(TextLayout::DirtyFlag::Updated);
             }
-
-            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-            {
-                if (enable_wrapping)
-                {
-                    hr = output->SetMaxWidth(wrap_width);
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    // Fix the layout width when the text does not wrap
-                    DWRITE_TEXT_METRICS metrics;
-                    hr = output->GetMetrics(&metrics);
-
-                    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-                    {
-                        hr = output->SetMaxWidth(metrics.width);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-        {
-            float spacing = style.line_spacing;
-            if (spacing == 0.f)
-            {
-                hr = output->SetLineSpacing(DWRITE_LINE_SPACING_METHOD_DEFAULT, 0, 0);
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                hr = output->SetLineSpacing(DWRITE_LINE_SPACING_METHOD_UNIFORM, spacing, spacing * 0.8f);
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-        {
-            layout.SetTextLayout(output);
         }
     }
 
-    layout.SetDirtyFlag(TextLayout::DirtyFlag::Updated);
-
     KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "Create text layout failed");
 }
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
index 2e2d6562..fc8432a1 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public:
 
     void CreateFontCollection(Font& font, Resource const& res) override;
 
-    void CreateTextLayout(TextLayout& layout) override;
+    void CreateTextLayout(TextLayout& layout, const String& content, const TextStyle& style) override;
 
     void CreateLineShape(Shape& shape, Point const& begin_pos, Point const& end_pos) override;
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/TextRenderer.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/TextRenderer.cpp
index db051082..72e2c961 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/TextRenderer.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/TextRenderer.cpp
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ public:
     STDMETHOD(CreateDeviceResources)(_In_ ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT);
 
     STDMETHOD(DrawTextLayout)
-    (_In_ IDWriteTextLayout* pTextLayout, float fOriginX, float fOriginY, _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pFillBrush,
-     _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pOutlineBrush, float fOutlineWidth, _In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pStrokeStyle);
+    (_In_ IDWriteTextLayout* pTextLayout, float fOriginX, float fOriginY, _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pDefaultFillBrush,
+     _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pDefaultOutlineBrush, float fDefaultOutlineWidth, _In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pStrokeStyle);
 
     STDMETHOD(DrawGlyphRun)
     (__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext, float baselineOriginX, float baselineOriginY,
@@ -68,12 +68,12 @@ public:
 private:
     unsigned long             cRefCount_;
     uint32_t                  cPrimitivesCount_;
-    float                     fOutlineWidth_;
+    float                     fDefaultOutlineWidth_;
     ComPtr<ID2D1Factory>      pFactory_;
     ComPtr<ID2D1RenderTarget> pRT_;
-    ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>        pFillBrush_;
-    ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>        pOutlineBrush_;
-    ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>  pCurrStrokeStyle_;
+    ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>        pDefaultFillBrush_;
+    ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>        pDefaultOutlineBrush_;
+    ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>  pDefaultStrokeStyle_;
 };
 
 HRESULT ITextRenderer::Create(_Out_ ITextRenderer** ppTextRenderer, _In_ ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT)
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ HRESULT ITextRenderer::Create(_Out_ ITextRenderer** ppTextRenderer, _In_ ID2D1Re
 TextRenderer::TextRenderer()
     : cRefCount_(0)
     , cPrimitivesCount_(0)
-    , fOutlineWidth_(1)
+    , fDefaultOutlineWidth_(1)
 {
     if (pRT_)
     {
@@ -134,19 +134,20 @@ STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::CreateDeviceResources(_In_ ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT)
 }
 
 STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawTextLayout(_In_ IDWriteTextLayout* pTextLayout, float fOriginX, float fOriginY,
-                                          _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pFillBrush, _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pOutlineBrush,
-                                          float fOutlineWidth, _In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pStrokeStyle)
+                                          _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pDefaultFillBrush,
+                                          _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pDefaultOutlineBrush, float fDefaultOutlineWidth,
+                                          _In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pDefaultStrokeStyle)
 {
     if (!pTextLayout)
     {
         return E_INVALIDARG;
     }
 
-    cPrimitivesCount_ = 0;
-    pFillBrush_       = pFillBrush;
-    pOutlineBrush_    = pOutlineBrush;
-    fOutlineWidth_    = fOutlineWidth;
-    pCurrStrokeStyle_ = pStrokeStyle;
+    cPrimitivesCount_     = 0;
+    pDefaultFillBrush_    = pDefaultFillBrush;
+    pDefaultOutlineBrush_ = pDefaultOutlineBrush;
+    fDefaultOutlineWidth_ = fDefaultOutlineWidth;
+    pDefaultStrokeStyle_  = pDefaultStrokeStyle;
 
     return pTextLayout->Draw(nullptr, this, fOriginX, fOriginY);
 }
@@ -160,17 +161,19 @@ STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawGlyphRun(__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
     KGE_NOT_USED(clientDrawingContext);
     KGE_NOT_USED(measuringMode);
     KGE_NOT_USED(glyphRunDescription);
-    KGE_NOT_USED(clientDrawingEffect);
 
     HRESULT hr = S_OK;
 
-    if (pOutlineBrush_)
+    if (pDefaultOutlineBrush_)
     {
         ComPtr<ID2D1GeometrySink>        pSink;
         ComPtr<ID2D1PathGeometry>        pPathGeometry;
         ComPtr<ID2D1TransformedGeometry> pTransformedGeometry;
 
-        hr = pFactory_->CreatePathGeometry(&pPathGeometry);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+        {
+            hr = pFactory_->CreatePathGeometry(&pPathGeometry);
+        }
 
         if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
         {
@@ -200,9 +203,9 @@ STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawGlyphRun(__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
 
                 if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                 {
-                    pRT_->DrawGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pOutlineBrush_.Get(),
-                                       fOutlineWidth_ * 2,  // twice width for widening
-                                       pCurrStrokeStyle_.Get());
+                    pRT_->DrawGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pDefaultOutlineBrush_.Get(),
+                                       fDefaultOutlineWidth_ * 2,  // twice width for widening
+                                       pDefaultStrokeStyle_.Get());
 
                     ++cPrimitivesCount_;
                 }
@@ -210,11 +213,24 @@ STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawGlyphRun(__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
         }
     }
 
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pFillBrush_)
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
     {
-        pRT_->DrawGlyphRun(D2D1::Point2F(baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY), glyphRun, pFillBrush_.Get());
+        ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> pCurrentFillBrush;
+        if (clientDrawingEffect)
+        {
+            hr = clientDrawingEffect->QueryInterface<ID2D1Brush>(&pCurrentFillBrush);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pCurrentFillBrush = pDefaultFillBrush_;
+        }
 
-        ++cPrimitivesCount_;
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pCurrentFillBrush)
+        {
+            pRT_->DrawGlyphRun(D2D1::Point2F(baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY), glyphRun, pCurrentFillBrush.Get());
+
+            ++cPrimitivesCount_;
+        }
     }
     return hr;
 }
@@ -224,34 +240,51 @@ STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawUnderline(__maybenull void* clientDrawingContext,
                                          IUnknown* clientDrawingEffect)
 {
     KGE_NOT_USED(clientDrawingContext);
-    KGE_NOT_USED(clientDrawingEffect);
 
-    HRESULT hr;
-
-    D2D1_RECT_F rect = D2D1::RectF(0, underline->offset, underline->width, underline->offset + underline->thickness);
-
-    ComPtr<ID2D1RectangleGeometry> pRectangleGeometry;
-    hr = pFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(&rect, &pRectangleGeometry);
-
-    D2D1::Matrix3x2F const matrix = D2D1::Matrix3x2F(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY);
+    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
 
+    ComPtr<ID2D1RectangleGeometry>   pRectangleGeometry;
     ComPtr<ID2D1TransformedGeometry> pTransformedGeometry;
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+    ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>               pCurrentFillBrush;
+
+    if (clientDrawingEffect)
     {
-        hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(pRectangleGeometry.Get(), &matrix, &pTransformedGeometry);
+        hr = clientDrawingEffect->QueryInterface<ID2D1Brush>(&pCurrentFillBrush);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pCurrentFillBrush = pDefaultFillBrush_;
     }
 
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pOutlineBrush_)
+    if (pCurrentFillBrush || pDefaultOutlineBrush_)
     {
-        pRT_->DrawGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pOutlineBrush_.Get(), fOutlineWidth_ * 2,
-                           pCurrStrokeStyle_.Get());
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+        {
+            D2D1_RECT_F rect =
+                D2D1::RectF(0, underline->offset, underline->width, underline->offset + underline->thickness);
+
+            hr = pFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(&rect, &pRectangleGeometry);
+        }
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+        {
+            D2D1::Matrix3x2F const matrix = D2D1::Matrix3x2F(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY);
+
+            hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(pRectangleGeometry.Get(), &matrix, &pTransformedGeometry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pDefaultOutlineBrush_)
+    {
+        pRT_->DrawGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pDefaultOutlineBrush_.Get(), fDefaultOutlineWidth_ * 2,
+                           pDefaultStrokeStyle_.Get());
 
         ++cPrimitivesCount_;
     }
 
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pFillBrush_)
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pCurrentFillBrush)
     {
-        pRT_->FillGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pFillBrush_.Get());
+        pRT_->FillGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pCurrentFillBrush.Get());
 
         ++cPrimitivesCount_;
     }
@@ -263,35 +296,51 @@ STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawStrikethrough(__maybenull void* clientDrawingCont
                                              IUnknown* clientDrawingEffect)
 {
     KGE_NOT_USED(clientDrawingContext);
-    KGE_NOT_USED(clientDrawingEffect);
 
-    HRESULT hr;
-
-    D2D1_RECT_F rect =
-        D2D1::RectF(0, strikethrough->offset, strikethrough->width, strikethrough->offset + strikethrough->thickness);
-
-    ComPtr<ID2D1RectangleGeometry> pRectangleGeometry;
-    hr = pFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(&rect, &pRectangleGeometry);
-
-    D2D1::Matrix3x2F const matrix = D2D1::Matrix3x2F(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY);
+    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
 
+    ComPtr<ID2D1RectangleGeometry>   pRectangleGeometry;
     ComPtr<ID2D1TransformedGeometry> pTransformedGeometry;
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+    ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>               pCurrentFillBrush;
+
+    if (clientDrawingEffect)
     {
-        hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(pRectangleGeometry.Get(), &matrix, &pTransformedGeometry);
+        hr = clientDrawingEffect->QueryInterface<ID2D1Brush>(&pCurrentFillBrush);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pCurrentFillBrush = pDefaultFillBrush_;
     }
 
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pOutlineBrush_)
+    if (pCurrentFillBrush || pDefaultOutlineBrush_)
     {
-        pRT_->DrawGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pOutlineBrush_.Get(), fOutlineWidth_ * 2,
-                           pCurrStrokeStyle_.Get());
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+        {
+            D2D1_RECT_F rect = D2D1::RectF(0, strikethrough->offset, strikethrough->width,
+                                           strikethrough->offset + strikethrough->thickness);
+
+            hr = pFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(&rect, &pRectangleGeometry);
+        }
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+        {
+            D2D1::Matrix3x2F const matrix = D2D1::Matrix3x2F(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY);
+
+            hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(pRectangleGeometry.Get(), &matrix, &pTransformedGeometry);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pDefaultOutlineBrush_)
+    {
+        pRT_->DrawGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pDefaultOutlineBrush_.Get(), fDefaultOutlineWidth_ * 2,
+                           pDefaultStrokeStyle_.Get());
 
         ++cPrimitivesCount_;
     }
 
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pFillBrush_)
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pCurrentFillBrush)
     {
-        pRT_->FillGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pFillBrush_.Get());
+        pRT_->FillGeometry(pTransformedGeometry.Get(), pCurrentFillBrush.Get());
 
         ++cPrimitivesCount_;
     }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/TextRenderer.h b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/TextRenderer.h
index 28db9c7d..63234daf 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/TextRenderer.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/TextRenderer.h
@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ public:
     static KGE_API HRESULT Create(_Out_ ITextRenderer * *ppTextRenderer, _In_ ID2D1RenderTarget * pRT);
 
     STDMETHOD(DrawTextLayout)
-    (_In_ IDWriteTextLayout * pTextLayout, float fOriginX, float fOriginY, _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pFillBrush,
-     _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pOutlineBrush, float fOutlineWidth, _In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pStrokeStyle) PURE;
+    (_In_ IDWriteTextLayout * pTextLayout, float fOriginX, float fOriginY, _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pDefaultFillBrush,
+     _In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pDefaultOutlineBrush, float fDefaultOutlineWidth,
+     _In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pDefaultStrokeStyle) PURE;
 
     STDMETHOD_(uint32_t, GetLastPrimitivesCount)() PURE;
 };
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/Font.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/Font.cpp
index f5366d01..5239d6cf 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/Font.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/Font.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ bool Font::Load(String const& file)
     {
         Renderer::GetInstance().CreateFontCollection(*this, file);
     }
-    catch (std::runtime_error&)
+    catch (RuntimeError&)
     {
         return false;
     }
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ bool Font::Load(Resource const& resource)
     {
         Renderer::GetInstance().CreateFontCollection(*this, resource);
     }
-    catch (std::runtime_error&)
+    catch (RuntimeError&)
     {
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
index 87db369e..38bfcc2b 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
@@ -116,8 +116,10 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建文字布局内部资源
     /// @param[out] layout 字体布局
+    /// @param text 文字内容
+    /// @param style 文本样式
     /// @throw kiwano::SystemError 创建失败时抛出
-    virtual void CreateTextLayout(TextLayout& layout) = 0;
+    virtual void CreateTextLayout(TextLayout& layout, const String& content, const TextStyle& style) = 0;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建线段形状内部资源
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.cpp
index ba7806db..2f16a671 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.cpp
@@ -23,81 +23,52 @@
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
+TextLayoutPtr TextLayout::Create()
+{
+    TextLayoutPtr ptr = new (std::nothrow) TextLayout;
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+TextLayoutPtr TextLayout::Create(const String& content, const TextStyle& style)
+{
+    TextLayoutPtr ptr = new (std::nothrow) TextLayout;
+    if (ptr)
+    {
+        ptr->Reset(content, style);
+    }
+    return ptr;
+}
+
 TextLayout::TextLayout()
     : dirty_flag_(DirtyFlag::Clean)
+    , default_outline_width_(0.0f)
 {
 }
 
-void TextLayout::Update()
+void TextLayout::Reset(const String& text, const TextStyle& style)
 {
-    if (!IsDirty())
-        return;
-
-    Renderer::GetInstance().CreateTextLayout(*this);
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetText(const String& text)
-{
-    text_ = text;
-    dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyLayout;
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetStyle(const TextStyle& style)
-{
-    style_ = style;
-    dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyLayout;
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetFont(FontPtr font)
-{
-    if (style_.font != font)
+    if (!text.empty())
     {
-        style_.font = font;
-        dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyFormat;
+        Renderer::GetInstance().CreateTextLayout(*this, text, style);
+
+        SetAlignment(style.alignment);
+        SetWrapWidth(style.wrap_width);
+        SetLineSpacing(style.line_spacing);
+        SetUnderline(style.show_underline, { 0, text.length() });
+        SetStrikethrough(style.show_strikethrough, { 0, text.length() });
+        SetDefaultFillBrush(style.fill_brush);
+        SetDefaultOutlineBrush(style.outline_brush);
+        SetDefaultOutlineWidth(style.outline_width);
+        SetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle(style.outline_stroke);
     }
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetFontFamily(String const& family)
-{
-    if (style_.font_family != family)
+    else
     {
-        style_.font_family = family;
-        dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyFormat;
-    }
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetFontSize(float size)
-{
-    if (style_.font_size != size)
-    {
-        style_.font_size = size;
-        dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyFormat;
-    }
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetFontWeight(uint32_t weight)
-{
-    if (style_.font_weight != weight)
-    {
-        style_.font_weight = weight;
-        dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyFormat;
-    }
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetItalic(bool italic)
-{
-    if (style_.italic != italic)
-    {
-        style_.italic = italic;
-        dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyFormat;
+        Clear();
     }
 }
 
 uint32_t TextLayout::GetLineCount() const
 {
-    // Force to update layout
-    const_cast<TextLayout*>(this)->Update();
-
 #if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
     if (text_layout_)
     {
@@ -115,9 +86,6 @@ uint32_t TextLayout::GetLineCount() const
 
 Size TextLayout::GetLayoutSize() const
 {
-    // Force to update layout
-    const_cast<TextLayout*>(this)->Update();
-
 #if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
     if (text_layout_)
     {
@@ -134,64 +102,265 @@ Size TextLayout::GetLayoutSize() const
     return Size();
 }
 
-void TextLayout::SetWrapWidth(float wrap_width)
+void TextLayout::SetFont(FontPtr font, TextRange range)
 {
-    if (style_.wrap_width != wrap_width)
-    {
-        style_.wrap_width = wrap_width;
-        dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyLayout;
-    }
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetLineSpacing(float line_spacing)
-{
-    if (style_.line_spacing != line_spacing)
-    {
-        style_.line_spacing = line_spacing;
-        dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyLayout;
-    }
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetAlignment(TextAlign align)
-{
-    if (style_.alignment != align)
-    {
-        style_.alignment = align;
-        dirty_flag_ |= DirtyFlag::DirtyLayout;
-    }
-}
-
-void TextLayout::SetUnderline(bool enable, uint32_t start, uint32_t length)
-{
-    // Force to update layout
-    Update();
-
 #if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
-    HRESULT hr = text_layout_ ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
-
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
     {
-        hr = text_layout_->SetUnderline(enable, { start, length });
+        IDWriteFontCollection* collection = font ? font->GetCollection().Get() : nullptr;
+
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetFontCollection(collection, { range.start, range.length });
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetFontCollection failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetFontFamily(String const& family, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        WideString font_family = family.empty() ? L"" : string::ToWide(family);
+
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetFontFamilyName(font_family.c_str(), { range.start, range.length });
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetFontFamilyName failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetFontSize(float size, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetFontSize(size, { range.start, range.length });
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetFontSize failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetFontWeight(uint32_t weight, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT font_weight = DWRITE_FONT_WEIGHT(weight);
+
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetFontWeight(font_weight, { range.start, range.length });
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetFontWeight failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetItalic(bool italic, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        DWRITE_FONT_STYLE font_style = italic ? DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_ITALIC : DWRITE_FONT_STYLE_NORMAL;
+
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetFontStyle(font_style, { range.start, range.length });
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetFontStyle failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetUnderline(bool enable, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetUnderline(enable, { range.start, range.length });
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetUnderline failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
     }
-    KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "Apply underline style to text layout failed");
 #else
     return;  // not supported
 #endif
 }
 
-void TextLayout::SetStrikethrough(bool enable, uint32_t start, uint32_t length)
+void TextLayout::SetStrikethrough(bool enable, TextRange range)
 {
-    // Force to update layout
-    Update();
-
 #if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
-    HRESULT hr = text_layout_ ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
-
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
     {
-        hr = text_layout_->SetStrikethrough(enable, { start, length });
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetStrikethrough(enable, { range.start, range.length });
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetStrikethrough failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    return;  // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetDrawingEffect(brush->GetBrush().Get(), { range.start, range.length });
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetDrawingEffect failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    return;  // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    // TODO
+    KGE_NOT_USED(range);
+    SetDefaultOutlineBrush(brush);
+#else
+    return;  // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetOutlineWidth(float width, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    // TODO
+    KGE_NOT_USED(range);
+    SetDefaultOutlineWidth(width);
+#else
+    return;  // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetOutlineStrokeStyle(StrokeStylePtr stroke, TextRange range)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    // TODO
+    KGE_NOT_USED(range);
+    SetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle(stroke);
+#else
+    return;  // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetAlignment(TextAlign align)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT alignment = DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT();
+        switch (align)
+        {
+        case TextAlign::Left:
+            alignment = DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_LEADING;
+            break;
+        case TextAlign::Right:
+            alignment = DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_TRAILING;
+            break;
+        case TextAlign::Center:
+            alignment = DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_CENTER;
+            break;
+        case TextAlign::Justified:
+            alignment = DWRITE_TEXT_ALIGNMENT_JUSTIFIED;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetTextAlignment(alignment);
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetTextAlignment failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetWrapWidth(float wrap_width)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        DWRITE_WORD_WRAPPING wrapping = (wrap_width > 0) ? DWRITE_WORD_WRAPPING_WRAP : DWRITE_WORD_WRAPPING_NO_WRAP;
+
+        HRESULT hr = text_layout_->SetWordWrapping(wrapping);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+        {
+            if (wrap_width > 0)
+            {
+                hr = text_layout_->SetMaxWidth(wrap_width);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Fix the layout width when the text does not wrap
+                DWRITE_TEXT_METRICS metrics;
+                hr = text_layout_->GetMetrics(&metrics);
+
+                if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+                {
+                    hr = text_layout_->SetMaxWidth(metrics.width);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetWordWrapping failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+    }
+#else
+    return;  // not supported
+#endif
+}
+
+void TextLayout::SetLineSpacing(float line_spacing)
+{
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    KGE_ASSERT(text_layout_);
+    if (text_layout_)
+    {
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+        float spacing = line_spacing;
+        if (spacing == 0.f)
+        {
+            hr = text_layout_->SetLineSpacing(DWRITE_LINE_SPACING_METHOD_DEFAULT, 0, 0);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            hr = text_layout_->SetLineSpacing(DWRITE_LINE_SPACING_METHOD_UNIFORM, spacing, spacing * 0.8f);
+        }
+        KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "IDWriteTextLayout::SetLineSpacing failed");
+
+        dirty_flag_ = DirtyFlag::Updated;
     }
-    KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "Apply strikethrough style to text layout failed");
 #else
     return;  // not supported
 #endif
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.h b/src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.h
index b4954260..7f011a07 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.h
@@ -20,11 +20,14 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <kiwano/math/Math.h>
+#include <kiwano/core/ObjectBase.h>
 #include <kiwano/render/TextStyle.hpp>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
+KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(TextLayout);
+
 /**
  * \addtogroup Render
  * @{
@@ -32,9 +35,19 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 /// \~chinese
 /// @brief 文本布局
-class KGE_API TextLayout : public Noncopyable
+class KGE_API TextLayout : public virtual ObjectBase
 {
 public:
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 创建文本布局
+    static TextLayoutPtr Create();
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 创建文本布局
+    /// @param content 文字内容
+    /// @param style 文本样式
+    static TextLayoutPtr Create(const String& content, const TextStyle& style);
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 构造空的文本布局
     TextLayout();
@@ -48,17 +61,14 @@ public:
     bool IsDirty() const;
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 更新文本布局
-    /// @note 文本布局是懒更新的，在修改文本布局的属性后需要手动更新
-    void Update();
+    /// @brief 清空文本布局
+    void Clear();
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 获取文本
-    const String& GetText() const;
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 获取文本样式
-    const TextStyle& GetStyle() const;
+    /// @brief 重设文本布局
+    /// @param content 文字内容
+    /// @param style 文本样式
+    void Reset(const String& content, const TextStyle& style);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取文本行数
@@ -69,44 +79,99 @@ public:
     Size GetLayoutSize() const;
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 获取填充画刷
-    BrushPtr GetFillBrush() const;
+    /// @brief 获取默认填充画刷
+    BrushPtr GetDefaultFillBrush() const;
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 获取描边画刷
-    BrushPtr GetOutlineBrush() const;
+    /// @brief 获取默认描边画刷
+    BrushPtr GetDefaultOutlineBrush() const;
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文本
-    void SetText(const String& text);
+    /// @brief 获取默认描边宽度
+    float GetDefaultOutlineWidth() const;
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文本样式
-    void SetStyle(const TextStyle& style);
+    /// @brief 获取默认描边线条样式
+    StrokeStylePtr GetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle() const;
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 文字范围
+    struct TextRange
+    {
+        uint32_t start;   ///< 起始位置
+        uint32_t length;  ///< 长度
+    };
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置字体
-    void SetFont(FontPtr font);
+    /// @param font 字体
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetFont(FontPtr font, TextRange range);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置字体族
-    void SetFontFamily(String const& family);
+    /// @param family 字体族
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetFontFamily(String const& family, TextRange range);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置字号（默认值为 18）
-    void SetFontSize(float size);
+    /// @param size 字号
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetFontSize(float size, TextRange range);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置字体粗细值（默认值为 FontWeight::Normal）
-    void SetFontWeight(uint32_t weight);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文字填充画刷
-    void SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+    /// @param weight 粗细值
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetFontWeight(uint32_t weight, TextRange range);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置文字斜体（默认值为 false）
-    void SetItalic(bool italic);
+    /// @param italic 是否是斜体
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetItalic(bool italic, TextRange range);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 设置下划线
+    /// @param enable 是否显示下划线
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetUnderline(bool enable, TextRange range);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 设置删除线
+    /// @param enable 是否显示删除线
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetStrikethrough(bool enable, TextRange range);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 设置文字填充画刷，描边画刷和描边线宽
+    /// @param brush 画刷
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush, TextRange range);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 设置文字描边画刷
+    /// @param brush 画刷
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush, TextRange range);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 设置文字描边线宽
+    /// @param width 描边线宽
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetOutlineWidth(float width, TextRange range);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 设置描边线条样式
+    /// @param stroke 线条样式
+    /// @param range 文字范围
+    void SetOutlineStrokeStyle(StrokeStylePtr stroke, TextRange range);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 设置对齐方式
+    /// @param align 对齐方式
+    void SetAlignment(TextAlign align);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置文本自动换行的宽度
@@ -117,66 +182,52 @@ public:
     void SetLineSpacing(float line_spacing);
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置对齐方式
-    void SetAlignment(TextAlign align);
+    /// @brief 设置默认文字填充画刷
+    /// @param brush 画刷
+    void SetDefaultFillBrush(BrushPtr brush);
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文字描边画刷
-    void SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+    /// @brief 设置默认文字描边画刷
+    /// @param brush 画刷
+    void SetDefaultOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush);
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文字描边线宽
-    void SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width);
+    /// @brief 设置默认文字描边线宽
+    /// @param width 描边线宽
+    void SetDefaultOutlineWidth(float width);
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置文字描边线相交样式
-    void SetOutlineStroke(StrokeStylePtr outline_stroke);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置下划线
-    /// @param enable 是否显示下划线
-    /// @param start 起始位置
-    /// @param length 长度
-    void SetUnderline(bool enable, uint32_t start, uint32_t length);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置删除线
-    /// @param enable 是否显示删除线
-    /// @param start 起始位置
-    /// @param length 长度
-    void SetStrikethrough(bool enable, uint32_t start, uint32_t length);
+    /// @brief 设置默认描边线条样式
+    /// @param stroke 线条样式
+    void SetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle(StrokeStylePtr stroke);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 脏数据标志
-    enum DirtyFlag : uint8_t
+    enum class DirtyFlag : uint8_t
     {
-        Clean       = 0,       ///< 干净数据
-        DirtyFormat = 1,       ///< 文字格式待更新
-        DirtyLayout = 1 << 1,  ///< 文字布局待更新
-        Updated     = 1 << 2,  ///< 数据已更新
+        Clean   = 0,       ///< 干净布局
+        Dirty   = 1 << 0,  ///< 脏布局
+        Updated = 1 << 1,  ///< 已更新
     };
 
-    uint8_t GetDirtyFlag() const;
+    DirtyFlag GetDirtyFlag() const;
 
-    void SetDirtyFlag(uint8_t flag);
+    void SetDirtyFlag(DirtyFlag flag);
 
 private:
-    uint8_t   dirty_flag_;
-    String    text_;
-    TextStyle style_;
+    DirtyFlag      dirty_flag_;
+    BrushPtr       default_fill_brush_;
+    BrushPtr       default_outline_brush_;
+    float          default_outline_width_;
+    StrokeStylePtr default_outline_stroke_;
 
 #if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
 public:
-    ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> GetTextFormat() const;
-
-    void SetTextFormat(ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> format);
-
     ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> GetTextLayout() const;
 
     void SetTextLayout(ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> layout);
 
 private:
-    ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> text_format_;
     ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> text_layout_;
 #endif
 };
@@ -197,72 +248,72 @@ inline bool TextLayout::IsDirty() const
     return dirty_flag_ != DirtyFlag::Clean;
 }
 
-inline const String& TextLayout::GetText() const
+inline void TextLayout::Clear()
 {
-    return text_;
+#if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
+    text_layout_ = nullptr;
+    dirty_flag_  = DirtyFlag::Updated;
+#else
+    return;  // not supported
+#endif
 }
 
-inline const TextStyle& TextLayout::GetStyle() const
-{
-    return style_;
-}
-
-inline uint8_t TextLayout::GetDirtyFlag() const
+inline TextLayout::DirtyFlag TextLayout::GetDirtyFlag() const
 {
     return dirty_flag_;
 }
 
-inline void TextLayout::SetDirtyFlag(uint8_t flag)
+inline void TextLayout::SetDirtyFlag(TextLayout::DirtyFlag flag)
 {
     dirty_flag_ = flag;
 }
 
-inline BrushPtr TextLayout::GetFillBrush() const
+inline BrushPtr TextLayout::GetDefaultFillBrush() const
 {
-    return style_.fill_brush;
+    return default_fill_brush_;
 }
 
-inline BrushPtr TextLayout::GetOutlineBrush() const
+inline BrushPtr TextLayout::GetDefaultOutlineBrush() const
 {
-    return style_.outline_brush;
+    return default_outline_brush_;
 }
 
-inline void TextLayout::SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+inline float TextLayout::GetDefaultOutlineWidth() const
 {
-    style_.fill_brush = brush;
+    return default_outline_width_;
 }
 
-inline void TextLayout::SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+inline StrokeStylePtr TextLayout::GetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle() const
 {
-    style_.outline_brush = brush;
+    return default_outline_stroke_;
 }
 
-inline void TextLayout::SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width)
+inline void TextLayout::SetDefaultFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)
 {
-    style_.outline_width = outline_width;
+    default_fill_brush_ = brush;
 }
 
-inline void TextLayout::SetOutlineStroke(StrokeStylePtr outline_stroke)
+inline void TextLayout::SetDefaultOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush)
 {
-    style_.outline_stroke = outline_stroke;
+    default_outline_brush_ = brush;
+}
+
+inline void TextLayout::SetDefaultOutlineWidth(float width)
+{
+    default_outline_width_ = width;
+}
+
+inline void TextLayout::SetDefaultOutlineStrokeStyle(StrokeStylePtr stroke)
+{
+    default_outline_stroke_ = stroke;
 }
 
 #if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
-inline ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> TextLayout::GetTextFormat() const
-{
-    return text_format_;
-}
-
 inline ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> TextLayout::GetTextLayout() const
 {
     return text_layout_;
 }
 
-inline void TextLayout::SetTextFormat(ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> format)
-{
-    text_format_ = format;
-}
-
 inline void TextLayout::SetTextLayout(ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> layout)
 {
     text_layout_ = layout;
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/TextStyle.hpp b/src/kiwano/render/TextStyle.hpp
index 424fe9a0..b0018345 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/TextStyle.hpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/TextStyle.hpp
@@ -37,9 +37,10 @@ namespace kiwano
  */
 enum class TextAlign
 {
-    Left,   ///< 左对齐
-    Right,  ///< 右对齐
-    Center  ///< 居中对齐
+    Left,      ///< 左对齐
+    Right,     ///< 右对齐
+    Center,    ///< 居中对齐
+    Justified  ///< 两端对齐
 };
 
 /**
@@ -69,18 +70,20 @@ struct FontWeight
 class KGE_API TextStyle
 {
 public:
-    FontPtr        font;            ///< 字体
-    String         font_family;     ///< 字体族
-    float          font_size;       ///< 字号
-    uint32_t       font_weight;     ///< 粗细值
-    bool           italic;          ///< 是否斜体
-    TextAlign      alignment;       ///< 对齐方式
-    float          wrap_width;      ///< 自动换行宽度
-    float          line_spacing;    ///< 行间距
-    BrushPtr       fill_brush;      ///< 填充画刷
-    BrushPtr       outline_brush;   ///< 描边画刷
-    float          outline_width;   ///< 描边线宽
-    StrokeStylePtr outline_stroke;  ///< 描边线样式
+    FontPtr        font;                ///< 字体
+    String         font_family;         ///< 字体族
+    float          font_size;           ///< 字号
+    uint32_t       font_weight;         ///< 粗细值
+    bool           italic;              ///< 是否斜体
+    TextAlign      alignment;           ///< 对齐方式
+    BrushPtr       fill_brush;          ///< 填充画刷
+    BrushPtr       outline_brush;       ///< 描边画刷
+    float          outline_width;       ///< 描边线宽
+    StrokeStylePtr outline_stroke;      ///< 描边线宽
+    float          wrap_width;          ///< 自动换行宽度
+    float          line_spacing;        ///< 行间距
+    bool           show_underline;      ///< 显示下划线
+    bool           show_strikethrough;  ///< 显示删除线
 
 public:
     /**
@@ -113,10 +116,11 @@ inline TextStyle::TextStyle(const String& font_family, float font_size, uint32_t
     , font_weight(font_weight)
     , italic(false)
     , alignment(TextAlign::Left)
+    , outline_width(1.0f)
     , wrap_width(0)
     , line_spacing(0)
-    , outline_width(1.0f)
-    , outline_stroke()
+    , show_underline(false)
+    , show_strikethrough(false)
 {
 }