Refactor Singleton && Singleton mode ResourceCache

src/kiwano-audio/src/Sound.cpp

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 				return false;
 			}
 
-			hr = Audio::Instance()->CreateVoice(&voice_, transcoder.GetWaveFormatEx());
+			hr = Audio::GetInstance()->CreateVoice(&voice_, transcoder.GetWaveFormatEx());
 			if (FAILED(hr))
 			{
 				if (wave_data_)

src/kiwano-imgui/src/ImGuiModule.cpp

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 			//ImGui::StyleColorsClassic();
 
 			// Setup Platform/Renderer bindings
-			Init(Window::Instance()->GetHandle());
+			Init(Window::GetInstance()->GetHandle());
 
-			target_window_ = Renderer::Instance()->GetTargetWindow();
+			target_window_ = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetTargetWindow();
 		}
 
 		void ImGuiModule::DestroyComponent()
@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 			io.DeltaTime = dt.Seconds();
 
 			// Read keyboard modifiers inputs
-			io.KeyCtrl = Input::Instance()->IsDown(KeyCode::Ctrl);
+			io.KeyCtrl = Input::GetInstance()->IsDown(KeyCode::Ctrl);
-			io.KeyShift = Input::Instance()->IsDown(KeyCode::Shift);
+			io.KeyShift = Input::GetInstance()->IsDown(KeyCode::Shift);
-			io.KeyAlt = Input::Instance()->IsDown(KeyCode::Alt);
+			io.KeyAlt = Input::GetInstance()->IsDown(KeyCode::Alt);
 			io.KeySuper = false;
 			// io.KeysDown[], io.MousePos, io.MouseDown[], io.MouseWheel: filled by the WndProc handler below.
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Y] = KeyCode::Y;
 			io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Z] = KeyCode::Z;
 
-			ImGui_Impl_Init(Renderer::Instance());
+			ImGui_Impl_Init(Renderer::GetInstance());
 		}
 
 		void ImGuiModule::BeforeRender()
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			KGE_ASSERT(io.Fonts->IsBuilt() && "Font atlas not built!");
 
 			// Setup display size (every frame to accommodate for window resizing)
-			Size display_size = Renderer::Instance()->GetOutputSize();
+			Size display_size = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetOutputSize();
 			io.DisplaySize = ImVec2(display_size.x, display_size.y);
 
 			ImGui::NewFrame();
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 				::SetCursorPos(pos.x, pos.y);
 			}
 
-			Point pos = Input::Instance()->GetMousePos();
+			Point pos = Input::GetInstance()->GetMousePos();
 			io.MousePos = ImVec2(pos.x, pos.y);
 		}
 
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			case ImGuiMouseCursor_Hand:         cursor = MouseCursor::Hand; break;
 			}
 
-			Window::Instance()->SetMouseCursor(cursor);
+			Window::GetInstance()->SetMouseCursor(cursor);
 		}
 		void ImGuiModule::UpdateGamepads()
 		{

src/kiwano/2d/Actor.cpp

@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		{
             Rect bounds = GetBounds();
 
-            auto renderer = Renderer::Instance();
+            auto renderer = Renderer::GetInstance();
             renderer->SetTransform(transform_matrix_);
             renderer->FillRectangle(bounds, Color(Color::Red, .4f));
             renderer->DrawRectangle(bounds, Color(Color::Red, .8f), 4.f);
@@ -659,7 +659,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void VisualActor::PrepareRender()
 	{
-		auto renderer = Renderer::Instance();
+		auto renderer = Renderer::GetInstance();
 		renderer->SetTransform(transform_matrix_);
 		renderer->SetOpacity(displayed_opacity_);
 	}

src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		: cache_expired_(false)
 		, stroke_width_(1.0f)
 	{
-		auto ctx = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetDeviceContext();
+		auto ctx = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetDeviceContext();
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			ctx->CreateCompatibleRenderTarget(&render_target_)
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (bitmap_cached_)
 		{
 			Rect bitmap_rect(0.f, 0.f, bitmap_cached_->GetSize().width, bitmap_cached_->GetSize().height);
-			Renderer::Instance()->DrawBitmap(
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->DrawBitmap(
 				bitmap_cached_,
 				bitmap_rect,
 				bitmap_rect
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::SetOutlineJoinStyle(StrokeStyle outline_join)
 	{
-		outline_join_style_ = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetStrokeStyle(outline_join);
+		outline_join_style_ = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetStrokeStyle(outline_join);
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::SetTextStyle(Font const& font, TextStyle const & text_style)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			text_style_.outline,
 			DX::ConvertToColorF(text_style_.outline_color),
 			text_style_.outline_width,
-			Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetStrokeStyle(text_style_.outline_stroke)
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetStrokeStyle(text_style_.outline_stroke)
 		);
 
 		// clear text format
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (!text_format_)
 		{
 			ThrowIfFailed(
-				Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateTextFormat(
+				Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateTextFormat(
 					text_format_,
 					text_font_,
 					text_style_
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		ComPtr<IDWriteTextLayout> text_layout;
 		Size layout_size;
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateTextLayout(
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateTextLayout(
 				text_layout,
 				layout_size,
 				text,
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		current_geometry_ = nullptr;
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory()->CreatePathGeometry(&current_geometry_)
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory()->CreatePathGeometry(&current_geometry_)
 		);
 		
 		ThrowIfFailed(

src/kiwano/2d/DebugNode.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void DebugNode::OnRender()
 	{
-		auto renderer = Renderer::Instance();
+		auto renderer = Renderer::GetInstance();
 
 		renderer->GetSolidColorBrush()->SetColor(DX::ConvertToColorF(background_color_));
 		renderer->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetDeviceContext()->FillRoundedRectangle(
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 #endif
 
-		ss << "Render: " << Renderer::Instance()->GetStatus().duration.Milliseconds() << "ms" << std::endl;
+		ss << "Render: " << Renderer::GetInstance()->GetStatus().duration.Milliseconds() << "ms" << std::endl;
 
-		ss << "Primitives / sec: " << Renderer::Instance()->GetStatus().primitives * frame_time_.size() << std::endl;
+		ss << "Primitives / sec: " << Renderer::GetInstance()->GetStatus().primitives * frame_time_.size() << std::endl;
 
 		PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS_EX pmc;
 		GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), (PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS*)&pmc, sizeof(pmc));

src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	bool Frame::Load(Resource const& res)
 	{
-		ImagePtr image = ImageCache::Instance()->AddImage(res);
+		ImagePtr image = ImageCache::GetInstance()->AddImage(res);
 		if (image && image->IsValid())
 		{
 			SetImage(image);

src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 			if (!frame_rt_)
 			{
-				auto ctx = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetDeviceContext();
+				auto ctx = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetDeviceContext();
 				ThrowIfFailed(
 					ctx->CreateCompatibleRenderTarget(&frame_rt_)
 				);
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (frame_to_render_)
 		{
 			Rect bounds = GetBounds();
-			Renderer::Instance()->DrawBitmap(frame_to_render_, bounds, bounds);
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->DrawBitmap(frame_to_render_, bounds, bounds);
 		}
 	}
 

src/kiwano/2d/Layer.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	Layer::Layer()
 		: swallow_(false)
 	{
-		SetSize(Renderer::Instance()->GetOutputSize());
+		SetSize(Renderer::GetInstance()->GetOutputSize());
 
 		auto handler = MakeClosure(this, &Layer::HandleMessages);
 

src/kiwano/2d/ShapeNode.cpp

@@ -129,12 +129,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		if (geo_)
 		{
-			Renderer::Instance()->FillGeometry(
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->FillGeometry(
 				geo_,
 				fill_color_
 			);
 
-			Renderer::Instance()->DrawGeometry(
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->DrawGeometry(
 				geo_,
 				stroke_color_,
 				stroke_width_,
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		ComPtr<ID2D1PathGeometry> path_geo;
 		ComPtr<ID2D1GeometrySink> path_sink;
 
-		HRESULT hr = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory()->CreatePathGeometry(&path_geo);
+		HRESULT hr = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory()->CreatePathGeometry(&path_geo);
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	void RectNode::SetRect(Rect const& rect)
 	{
 		ComPtr<ID2D1RectangleGeometry> geo;
-		auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
+		auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(factory->CreateRectangleGeometry(DX::ConvertToRectF(rect), &geo)))
 		{
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	void RoundedRectNode::SetRoundedRect(Rect const& rect, float radius_x, float radius_y)
 	{
 		ComPtr<ID2D1RoundedRectangleGeometry> geo;
-		auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
+		auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(factory->CreateRoundedRectangleGeometry(
 			D2D1::RoundedRect(
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	void CircleNode::SetCircle(Point const& center, float radius)
 	{
 		ComPtr<ID2D1EllipseGeometry> geo;
-		auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
+		auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(factory->CreateEllipseGeometry(
 			D2D1::Ellipse(
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	void EllipseNode::SetEllipse(Point const& center, float radius_x, float radius_y)
 	{
 		ComPtr<ID2D1EllipseGeometry> geo;
-		auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
+		auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(factory->CreateEllipseGeometry(
 			D2D1::Ellipse(
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		current_geometry_ = nullptr;
 
-		auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
+		auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			factory->CreatePathGeometry(&current_geometry_)

src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.cpp

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		if (frame_)
 		{
-			Renderer::Instance()->DrawBitmap(frame_->GetImage()->GetBitmap(), frame_->GetCropRect(), GetBounds());
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->DrawBitmap(frame_->GetImage()->GetBitmap(), frame_->GetCropRect(), GetBounds());
 		}
 	}
 }

src/kiwano/2d/Stage.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		stage_ = this;
 
 		SetAnchor(0, 0);
-		SetSize(Renderer::Instance()->GetOutputSize());
+		SetSize(Renderer::GetInstance()->GetOutputSize());
 	}
 
 	Stage::~Stage()

src/kiwano/2d/Text.cpp

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (text_layout_)
 		{
-            auto renderer = Renderer::Instance();
+            auto renderer = Renderer::GetInstance();
             renderer->SetTextStyle(
 				GetDisplayedOpacity(),
 				style_.color,
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (text_.empty())
 			return;
 
-        auto renderer = Renderer::Instance();
+        auto renderer = Renderer::GetInstance();
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(
             renderer->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateTextFormat(

src/kiwano/2d/Transition.cpp

@@ -66,18 +66,18 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (in_scene_)
 		{
 			ThrowIfFailed(
-				Renderer::Instance()->CreateLayer(in_layer_)
+				Renderer::GetInstance()->CreateLayer(in_layer_)
 			);
 		}
 
 		if (out_scene_)
 		{
 			ThrowIfFailed(
-				Renderer::Instance()->CreateLayer(out_layer_)
+				Renderer::GetInstance()->CreateLayer(out_layer_)
 			);
 		}
 
-		window_size_ = Renderer::Instance()->GetOutputSize();
+		window_size_ = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetOutputSize();
 		out_layer_prop_ = in_layer_prop_ = LayerProperties{ Rect(Point(), window_size_),1.f };
 	}
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Transition::Render()
 	{
-		auto renderer = Renderer::Instance();
+		auto renderer = Renderer::GetInstance();
 
 		if (out_scene_)
 		{

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionTween.cpp

@@ -521,7 +521,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		geo_ = nullptr;
 		geo_sink_ = nullptr;
 
-		auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
+		auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetFactory();
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(
 			factory->CreatePathGeometry(&geo_)

src/kiwano/base/logs.h

@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@
 
 #ifndef KGE_LOG
 #	ifdef KGE_DEBUG
-#		define KGE_LOG(FORMAT, ...) kiwano::Logger::Instance()->Messagef((FORMAT ## "\n"), __VA_ARGS__)
+#		define KGE_LOG(FORMAT, ...) kiwano::Logger::GetInstance()->Messagef((FORMAT ## "\n"), __VA_ARGS__)
 #	else
 #		define KGE_LOG __noop
 #	endif
 #endif
 
 #ifndef KGE_WARNING_LOG
-#	define KGE_WARNING_LOG(FORMAT, ...) kiwano::Logger::Instance()->Warningf((FORMAT ## "\n"), __VA_ARGS__)
+#	define KGE_WARNING_LOG(FORMAT, ...) kiwano::Logger::GetInstance()->Warningf((FORMAT ## "\n"), __VA_ARGS__)
 #endif
 
 #ifndef KGE_ERROR_LOG
-#	define KGE_ERROR_LOG(FORMAT, ...) kiwano::Logger::Instance()->Errorf((FORMAT ## "\n"), __VA_ARGS__)
+#	define KGE_ERROR_LOG(FORMAT, ...) kiwano::Logger::GetInstance()->Errorf((FORMAT ## "\n"), __VA_ARGS__)
 #endif
 
 namespace kiwano
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	inline std::wostream& Logger::DefaultOutputColor(std::wostream& out)
 	{
-		::SetConsoleTextAttribute(::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), Logger::Instance()->default_stdout_color_);
+		::SetConsoleTextAttribute(::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), Logger::GetInstance()->default_stdout_color_);
 		return out;
 	}
 }

src/kiwano/common/Singleton.hpp

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 #ifndef KGE_DECLARE_SINGLETON
 #define KGE_DECLARE_SINGLETON( CLASS )			\
 	friend ::kiwano::Singleton< CLASS >;  \
-	friend ::std::default_delete< CLASS >
+	friend typename std::unique_ptr< CLASS >::deleter_type
 #endif
 
 namespace kiwano
@@ -37,21 +37,24 @@ namespace kiwano
 	struct Singleton
 	{
 	public:
-		static inline _Ty* Instance()
+		static inline _Ty* GetInstance()
 		{
 			if (!instance_)
 			{
-				std::call_once(once_, Init);
+				std::call_once(once_, InitInstance);
 			}
 			return instance_.get();
 		}
 
-		static inline void Init()
+		static inline void InitInstance()
 		{
-			if (!instance_) instance_.reset(new (std::nothrow) _Ty);
+			if (!instance_)
+			{
+				instance_.reset(new (std::nothrow) _Ty);
+			}
 		}
 
-		static inline void Destroy()
+		static inline void DestroyInstance()
 		{
 			instance_.reset();
 		}

src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include "../base/input.h"
 #include "../base/Director.h"
 #include "../renderer/render.h"
+#include "../utils/ResourceCache.h"
 #include <windowsx.h>  // GET_X_LPARAM, GET_Y_LPARAM
 #include <imm.h>  // ImmAssociateContext
 #include <mutex>  // std::mutex
@@ -64,9 +65,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 			::CoInitialize(nullptr)
 		);
 
-		Use(Renderer::Instance());
+		Use(Renderer::GetInstance());
-		Use(Input::Instance());
+		Use(Input::GetInstance());
-		Use(Director::Instance());
+		Use(Director::GetInstance());
 	}
 
 	Application::~Application()
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	void Application::Init(const Options& options)
 	{
 		ThrowIfFailed(
-			Window::Instance()->Create(
+			Window::GetInstance()->Create(
 				options.title,
 				options.width,
 				options.height,
@@ -89,8 +90,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 			)
 		);
 
-		Renderer::Instance()->SetClearColor(options.clear_color);
+		Renderer::GetInstance()->SetClearColor(options.clear_color);
-		Renderer::Instance()->SetVSyncEnabled(options.vsync);
+		Renderer::GetInstance()->SetVSyncEnabled(options.vsync);
 
 		// Setup all components
 		for (Component* c : components_)
@@ -100,14 +101,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (options.debug)
 		{
-			Director::Instance()->ShowDebugInfo(true);
+			Director::GetInstance()->ShowDebugInfo(true);
-			Renderer::Instance()->SetCollectingStatus(true);
+			Renderer::GetInstance()->SetCollectingStatus(true);
 		}
 
 		// Everything is ready
 		OnReady();
 
-		HWND hwnd = Window::Instance()->GetHandle();
+		HWND hwnd = Window::GetInstance()->GetHandle();
 
 		// disable imm
 		::ImmAssociateContext(hwnd, nullptr);
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Application::Run()
 	{
-		HWND hwnd = Window::Instance()->GetHandle();
+		HWND hwnd = Window::GetInstance()->GetHandle();
 
 		if (!hwnd)
 			throw std::exception("Calling Application::Run before Application::Init");
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (hwnd)
 		{
 			end_ = false;
-			Window::Instance()->Prepare();
+			Window::GetInstance()->Prepare();
 
 			MSG msg = {};
 			while (::GetMessageW(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0) && !end_)
@@ -158,13 +159,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 
 		// Destroy all instances
-		Director::Destroy();
+		ResourceCache::DestroyInstance();
-		Input::Destroy();
+		Director::DestroyInstance();
-		Renderer::Destroy();
+		Input::DestroyInstance();
-		Window::Destroy();
+		Renderer::DestroyInstance();
+		Window::DestroyInstance();
 
 		// DO NOT destroy Logger instance manually
-		// Logger::Destroy();
+		// Logger::DestroyInstance();
 	}
 
 	void Application::Use(Component* component)
@@ -379,7 +381,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			{
 				KGE_LOG(L"Window resized");
 
-				Window::Instance()->UpdateWindowRect();
+				Window::GetInstance()->UpdateWindowRect();
 
 				Event evt(Event::WindowResized);
 				evt.win.width = LOWORD(lparam);
@@ -405,7 +407,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		{
 			bool active = (LOWORD(wparam) != WA_INACTIVE);
 
-			Window::Instance()->SetActive(active);
+			Window::GetInstance()->SetActive(active);
 
 			Event evt(Event::WindowFocusChanged);
 			evt.win.focus = active;

src/kiwano/renderer/D2DDeviceResources.cpp

@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void D2DDeviceResources::DiscardResources()
 	{
-		ImageCache::Instance()->Clear();
+		ImageCache::GetInstance()->Clear();
 
 		factory_.Reset();
 		device_.Reset();

src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		saved_frame_.Reset();
 		decoder_.Reset();
 
-		auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetWICImagingFactory();
+		auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetWICImagingFactory();
 
 		if (res.IsFileType())
 		{
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
 			// Format convert to 32bppPBGRA which D2D expects
-			auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetWICImagingFactory();
+			auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetWICImagingFactory();
 			hr = factory->CreateFormatConverter(&converter);
 		}
 
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			auto ctx = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetDeviceContext();
+			auto ctx = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetDeviceContext();
 
 			// Create a D2DBitmap from IWICBitmapSource
 			raw_frame_.Reset();
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			auto factory = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetWICImagingFactory();
+			auto factory = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->GetWICImagingFactory();
 			hr = factory->CreatePalette(&wic_palette);
 		}
 

src/kiwano/renderer/ImageCache.cpp

@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (res.IsFileType())
 		{
-			hr = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateBitmapFromFile(bitmap, res.GetFileName());
+			hr = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateBitmapFromFile(bitmap, res.GetFileName());
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			hr = Renderer::Instance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateBitmapFromResource(bitmap, res);
+			hr = Renderer::GetInstance()->GetD2DDeviceResources()->CreateBitmapFromResource(bitmap, res);
 		}
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

src/kiwano/renderer/render.cpp

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		KGE_LOG(L"Creating device resources");
 
-		hwnd_ = Window::Instance()->GetHandle();
+		hwnd_ = Window::GetInstance()->GetHandle();
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(hwnd_ ? S_OK : E_FAIL);
 		
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			CreateDeviceResources()
 		);
 
-		output_size_ = Window::Instance()->GetSize();
+		output_size_ = Window::GetInstance()->GetSize();
 	}
 
 	void Renderer::DestroyComponent()

src/kiwano/ui/Button.cpp

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			if (evt.type == Event::MouseHover)
 			{
 				SetStatus(Status::Hover);
-				Window::Instance()->SetMouseCursor(MouseCursor::Hand);
+				Window::GetInstance()->SetMouseCursor(MouseCursor::Hand);
 
 				if (mouse_over_callback_)
 					mouse_over_callback_();
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			else if (evt.type == Event::MouseOut)
 			{
 				SetStatus(Status::Normal);
-				Window::Instance()->SetMouseCursor(MouseCursor::Arrow);
+				Window::GetInstance()->SetMouseCursor(MouseCursor::Arrow);
 
 				if (mouse_out_callback_)
 					mouse_out_callback_();

src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp

@@ -23,164 +23,38 @@
 #include "../2d/Frame.h"
 #include "../2d/FrameSequence.h"
 #include "../renderer/GifImage.h"
-#include "FileUtil.h"
 #include <fstream>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
-	namespace __res_loader_01
+	namespace __resource_cache_01
 	{
-		struct GlobalData
+		bool LoadJsonData(ResourceCache* loader, Json const& json_data);
-		{
+		bool LoadXmlData(ResourceCache* loader, tinyxml2::XMLElement* elem);
-			String path;
-		};
-
-		bool LoadImagesFromData(ResourceCache* loader, GlobalData* gdata, const String* id, const String* type,
-			const String* file, const Array<const wchar_t*>* files, int rows, int cols)
-		{
-			if (!gdata || !id) return false;
-
-			if (file)
-			{
-				// Gif image
-				if (type && (*type) == L"gif")
-				{
-					return loader->AddGifImage(*id, Resource(gdata->path + (*file)));
-				}
-
-				if (!(*file).empty())
-				{
-					if (rows || cols)
-					{
-						// Frame slices
-						return !!loader->AddFrameSequence(*id, Resource(gdata->path + (*file)), std::max(cols, 1), std::max(rows, 1));
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						// Simple image
-						return loader->AddFrame(*id, Resource(gdata->path + (*file)));
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Frames
-			if (files)
-			{
-				Array<FramePtr> frames;
-				frames.reserve(files->size());
-				for (const auto& file : (*files))
-				{
-					FramePtr frame = new Frame;
-					if (frame->Load(gdata->path + (file)))
-					{
-						frames.push_back(frame);
-					}
-				}
-				return !!loader->AddFrameSequence(*id, frames);
-			}
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		bool LoadJsonData(ResourceCache* loader, Json const& json_data)
-		{
-			GlobalData global_data;
-			if (json_data.count(L"path"))
-			{
-				global_data.path = json_data[L"path"];
-			}
-
-			if (json_data.count(L"images"))
-			{
-				for (const auto& image : json_data[L"images"])
-				{
-					const String* id = nullptr, *type = nullptr, *file = nullptr;
-					int rows = 0, cols = 0;
-
-					if (image.count(L"id")) id = &image[L"id"].as_string();
-					if (image.count(L"type")) type = &image[L"type"].as_string();
-					if (image.count(L"file")) file = &image[L"file"].as_string();
-					if (image.count(L"rows")) rows = image[L"rows"].as_int();
-					if (image.count(L"cols")) cols = image[L"cols"].as_int();
-
-					if (image.count(L"files"))
-					{
-						Array<const wchar_t*> files;
-						files.reserve(image[L"files"].size());
-						for (const auto& file : image[L"files"])
-						{
-							files.push_back(file.as_string().c_str());
-						}
-						if (!LoadImagesFromData(loader, &global_data, id, type, file, &files, rows, cols))
-							return false;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						if (!LoadImagesFromData(loader, &global_data, id, type, file, nullptr, rows, cols))
-							return false;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		bool LoadXmlData(ResourceCache* loader, tinyxml2::XMLElement* elem)
-		{
-			GlobalData global_data;
-			if (auto path = elem->FirstChildElement(L"path"))
-			{
-				global_data.path = path->GetText();
-			}
-
-			if (auto images = elem->FirstChildElement(L"images"))
-			{
-				for (auto image = images->FirstChildElement(); image; image = image->NextSiblingElement())
-				{
-					String id, type, file;
-					int rows = 0, cols = 0;
-
-					if (auto attr = image->Attribute(L"id"))      id.assign(attr); // assign() copies attr content
-					if (auto attr = image->Attribute(L"type"))    type = attr;     // operator=() just holds attr pointer
-					if (auto attr = image->Attribute(L"file"))    file = attr;
-					if (auto attr = image->IntAttribute(L"rows")) rows = attr;
-					if (auto attr = image->IntAttribute(L"cols")) cols = attr;
-
-					if (file.empty() && !image->NoChildren())
-					{
-						Array<const wchar_t*> files_arr;
-						for (auto file = image->FirstChildElement(); file; file = file->NextSiblingElement())
-						{
-							if (auto path = file->Attribute(L"path"))
-							{
-								files_arr.push_back(path);
-							}
-						}
-						if (!LoadImagesFromData(loader, &global_data, &id, &type, &file, &files_arr, rows, cols))
-							return false;
-					}
-					else
-					{
-						if (!LoadImagesFromData(loader, &global_data, &id, &type, &file, nullptr, rows, cols))
-							return false;
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			return true;
-		}
 	}
 
 	namespace
 	{
 		Map<String, Closure<bool(ResourceCache*, Json const&)>> load_json_funcs = {
-			{ L"latest", __res_loader_01::LoadJsonData },
+			{ L"latest", __resource_cache_01::LoadJsonData },
-			{ L"0.1", __res_loader_01::LoadJsonData },
+			{ L"0.1", __resource_cache_01::LoadJsonData },
 		};
 
 		Map<String, Closure<bool(ResourceCache*, tinyxml2::XMLElement*)>> load_xml_funcs = {
-			{ L"latest", __res_loader_01::LoadXmlData },
+			{ L"latest", __resource_cache_01::LoadXmlData },
-			{ L"0.1", __res_loader_01::LoadXmlData },
+			{ L"0.1", __resource_cache_01::LoadXmlData },
 		};
 	}
 
+	ResourceCache::ResourceCache()
+	{
+	}
+
+	ResourceCache::~ResourceCache()
+	{
+		Clear();
+	}
+
 	bool ResourceCache::LoadFromJsonFile(String const& file_path)
 	{
 		Json json_data;
@@ -479,18 +353,152 @@ namespace kiwano
 		cache_.erase(id);
 	}
 
-	void ResourceCache::Destroy()
+	void ResourceCache::Clear()
 	{
 		cache_.clear();
 	}
 
-	ResourceCache::ResourceCache()
+}
-	{
+
-	}
+namespace kiwano
-
+{
-	ResourceCache::~ResourceCache()
+	namespace __resource_cache_01
-	{
+	{
-		Destroy();
+		struct GlobalData
-	}
+		{
-
+			String path;
+		};
+
+		bool LoadImagesFromData(ResourceCache* loader, GlobalData* gdata, const String* id, const String* type,
+			const String* file, const Array<const wchar_t*>* files, int rows, int cols)
+		{
+			if (!gdata || !id) return false;
+
+			if (file)
+			{
+				// Gif image
+				if (type && (*type) == L"gif")
+				{
+					return loader->AddGifImage(*id, Resource(gdata->path + (*file)));
+				}
+
+				if (!(*file).empty())
+				{
+					if (rows || cols)
+					{
+						// Frame slices
+						return !!loader->AddFrameSequence(*id, Resource(gdata->path + (*file)), std::max(cols, 1), std::max(rows, 1));
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						// Simple image
+						return loader->AddFrame(*id, Resource(gdata->path + (*file)));
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Frames
+			if (files)
+			{
+				Array<FramePtr> frames;
+				frames.reserve(files->size());
+				for (const auto& file : (*files))
+				{
+					FramePtr frame = new Frame;
+					if (frame->Load(gdata->path + (file)))
+					{
+						frames.push_back(frame);
+					}
+				}
+				return !!loader->AddFrameSequence(*id, frames);
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		bool LoadJsonData(ResourceCache* loader, Json const& json_data)
+		{
+			GlobalData global_data;
+			if (json_data.count(L"path"))
+			{
+				global_data.path = json_data[L"path"];
+			}
+
+			if (json_data.count(L"images"))
+			{
+				for (const auto& image : json_data[L"images"])
+				{
+					const String* id = nullptr, * type = nullptr, * file = nullptr;
+					int rows = 0, cols = 0;
+
+					if (image.count(L"id")) id = &image[L"id"].as_string();
+					if (image.count(L"type")) type = &image[L"type"].as_string();
+					if (image.count(L"file")) file = &image[L"file"].as_string();
+					if (image.count(L"rows")) rows = image[L"rows"].as_int();
+					if (image.count(L"cols")) cols = image[L"cols"].as_int();
+
+					if (image.count(L"files"))
+					{
+						Array<const wchar_t*> files;
+						files.reserve(image[L"files"].size());
+						for (const auto& file : image[L"files"])
+						{
+							files.push_back(file.as_string().c_str());
+						}
+						if (!LoadImagesFromData(loader, &global_data, id, type, file, &files, rows, cols))
+							return false;
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						if (!LoadImagesFromData(loader, &global_data, id, type, file, nullptr, rows, cols))
+							return false;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		bool LoadXmlData(ResourceCache* loader, tinyxml2::XMLElement* elem)
+		{
+			GlobalData global_data;
+			if (auto path = elem->FirstChildElement(L"path"))
+			{
+				global_data.path = path->GetText();
+			}
+
+			if (auto images = elem->FirstChildElement(L"images"))
+			{
+				for (auto image = images->FirstChildElement(); image; image = image->NextSiblingElement())
+				{
+					String id, type, file;
+					int rows = 0, cols = 0;
+
+					if (auto attr = image->Attribute(L"id"))      id.assign(attr); // assign() copies attr content
+					if (auto attr = image->Attribute(L"type"))    type = attr;     // operator=() just holds attr pointer
+					if (auto attr = image->Attribute(L"file"))    file = attr;
+					if (auto attr = image->IntAttribute(L"rows")) rows = attr;
+					if (auto attr = image->IntAttribute(L"cols")) cols = attr;
+
+					if (file.empty() && !image->NoChildren())
+					{
+						Array<const wchar_t*> files_arr;
+						for (auto file = image->FirstChildElement(); file; file = file->NextSiblingElement())
+						{
+							if (auto path = file->Attribute(L"path"))
+							{
+								files_arr.push_back(path);
+							}
+						}
+						if (!LoadImagesFromData(loader, &global_data, &id, &type, &file, &files_arr, rows, cols))
+							return false;
+					}
+					else
+					{
+						if (!LoadImagesFromData(loader, &global_data, &id, &type, &file, nullptr, rows, cols))
+							return false;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
 }

src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.h

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "../macros.h"
 #include "../common/helper.h"
 #include "../common/Json.hpp"
+#include "../common/Singleton.hpp"
 #include "../base/Resource.h"
 #include "../2d/include-forwards.h"
 #include "../renderer/GifImage.h"
@@ -31,7 +32,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 {
 	// 资源缓存
 	class KGE_API ResourceCache
+		: public Singleton<ResourceCache>
 	{
+		KGE_DECLARE_SINGLETON(ResourceCache);
+
 	public:
 		// 从 JSON 文件加载资源信息
 		bool LoadFromJsonFile(String const& file_path);
@@ -89,8 +93,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 		// 删除指定资源
 		void Delete(String const& id);
 
-		// 销毁所有资源
+		// 清空所有资源
-		void Destroy();
+		void Clear();
 
 		template<typename _Ty>
 		_Ty* Get(String const& id) const
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			return dynamic_cast<_Ty*>((*iter).second.Get());
 		}
 
-	public:
+	protected:
 		ResourceCache();
 
 		virtual ~ResourceCache();