remove Create functions

projects/kiwano/kiwano.vcxproj

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\base\ObjectBase.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\base\ObjectPool.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\base\RefObject.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\base\RefPtr.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\core\Allocator.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\core\Any.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\core\Cloneable.h" />
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\2d\TextActor.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\2d\Transition.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\core\Resource.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\core\RefPtr.hpp" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\core\RefBasePtr.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\math\Constants.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\math\EaseFunctions.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\math\Math.h" />

projects/kiwano/kiwano.vcxproj.filters

@@ -348,10 +348,13 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\2d\action\Action.h">
       <Filter>2d\action</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\core\RefPtr.hpp">
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\base\RefObject.h">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\core\RefBasePtr.hpp">
       <Filter>core</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\base\RefObject.h">
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\kiwano\base\RefPtr.h">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>

src/kiwano-audio/Sound.cpp

@@ -27,26 +27,16 @@ namespace kiwano
 {
 namespace audio
 {
-SoundPtr Sound::Create(const String& file_path)
+Sound::Sound(const String& file_path)
+    : Sound()
 {
-    SoundPtr ptr = new (autogc) Sound;
+    Load(file_path);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(file_path))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-SoundPtr Sound::Create(const Resource& res)
+Sound::Sound(const Resource& res)
+    : Sound()
 {
-    SoundPtr ptr = new (autogc) Sound;
+    Load(res);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(res))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 Sound::Sound()

src/kiwano-audio/Sound.h

@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建音频对象
     /// @param res 本地音频文件路径
-    static SoundPtr Create(const String& file_path);
+    Sound(const String& file_path);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建音频对象
     /// @param res 音频资源
-    static SoundPtr Create(const Resource& res);
+    Sound(const Resource& res);
 
     Sound();
 

src/kiwano-audio/SoundPlayer.cpp

@@ -25,12 +25,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 namespace audio
 {
 
-SoundPlayerPtr SoundPlayer::Create()
-{
-    SoundPlayerPtr ptr = new (autogc) SoundPlayer;
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 SoundPlayer::SoundPlayer()
     : volume_(1.f)
 {
@@ -47,7 +41,7 @@ size_t SoundPlayer::Load(const String& file_path)
     if (sound_cache_.end() != sound_cache_.find(hash))
         return hash;
 
-    SoundPtr sound = new (autogc) Sound;
+    SoundPtr sound = MakePtr<Sound>();
     if (sound)
     {
         if (sound->Load(file_path))
@@ -66,7 +60,7 @@ size_t SoundPlayer::Load(const Resource& res)
     if (sound_cache_.end() != sound_cache_.find(hash_code))
         return hash_code;
 
-    SoundPtr sound = new (autogc) Sound;
+    SoundPtr sound = MakePtr<Sound>();
 
     if (sound)
     {

src/kiwano-audio/SoundPlayer.h

@@ -40,10 +40,6 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(SoundPlayer);
 class KGE_API SoundPlayer : public ObjectBase
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 创建音频播放器
-    static SoundPlayerPtr Create();
-
     SoundPlayer();
 
     ~SoundPlayer();

src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiLayer.cpp

@@ -25,27 +25,17 @@ namespace kiwano
 namespace imgui
 {
 
-ImGuiLayerPtr ImGuiLayer::Create()
-{
-    ImGuiLayerPtr ptr = new (autogc) ImGuiLayer;
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-ImGuiLayerPtr ImGuiLayer::Create(const String& name, const ImGuiPipeline& item)
-{
-    ImGuiLayerPtr ptr = new (autogc) ImGuiLayer;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->AddItem(name, item);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 ImGuiLayer::ImGuiLayer()
 {
     SetSwallowEvents(true);
 }
 
+ImGuiLayer::ImGuiLayer(const String& name, const ImGuiPipeline& item)
+    : ImGuiLayer()
+{
+    AddItem(name, item);
+}
+
 ImGuiLayer::~ImGuiLayer() {}
 
 void ImGuiLayer::OnRender(RenderContext& ctx)

src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiLayer.h

@@ -38,17 +38,13 @@ using ImGuiPipeline = Function<void()>;
 class ImGuiLayer : public LayerActor
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
+    ImGuiLayer();
-    /// @brief ´´½¨ImGuiͼ²ã
-    static ImGuiLayerPtr Create();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ´´½¨ImGuiͼ²ã
     /// @param name ÔªËØÃû³Æ
     /// @param item ¹ÜµÀ
-    static ImGuiLayerPtr Create(const String& name, const ImGuiPipeline& item);
+    ImGuiLayer(const String& name, const ImGuiPipeline& item);
-
-    ImGuiLayer();
 
     virtual ~ImGuiLayer();
 

src/kiwano-network/HttpModule.cpp

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ void HttpModule::NetworkThread()
             return;
         }
 
-        HttpResponsePtr response = new (autogc) HttpResponse(request);
+        HttpResponsePtr response = MakePtr<HttpResponse>(request);
         Perform(request, response);
 
         response_mutex_.lock();

src/kiwano-network/HttpRequest.cpp

@@ -26,42 +26,23 @@ namespace kiwano
 namespace network
 {
 
-HttpRequestPtr HttpRequest::Create(const String& url, HttpType type, const ResponseCallback& callback)
+HttpRequest::HttpRequest(const String& url, HttpType type, const ResponseCallback& callback)
+    : type_(type)
+    , url_(url)
+    , response_cb_(callback)
 {
-    HttpRequestPtr ptr = new (autogc) HttpRequest;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetUrl(url);
-        ptr->SetType(type);
-        ptr->SetResponseCallback(callback);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-HttpRequestPtr HttpRequest::Create(const String& url, HttpType type, const String& data, const ResponseCallback& callback)
+HttpRequest::HttpRequest(const String& url, HttpType type, const String& data, const ResponseCallback& callback)
+    : HttpRequest(url, type, callback)
 {
-    HttpRequestPtr ptr = new (autogc) HttpRequest;
+    SetData(data);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetUrl(url);
-        ptr->SetType(type);
-        ptr->SetData(data);
-        ptr->SetResponseCallback(callback);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-HttpRequestPtr HttpRequest::Create(const String& url, HttpType type, const Json& json, const ResponseCallback& callback)
+HttpRequest::HttpRequest(const String& url, HttpType type, const Json& json, const ResponseCallback& callback)
+    : HttpRequest(url, type, callback)
 {
-    HttpRequestPtr ptr = new (autogc) HttpRequest;
+    SetJsonData(json);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetUrl(url);
-        ptr->SetType(type);
-        ptr->SetJsonData(json);
-        ptr->SetResponseCallback(callback);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 void HttpRequest::SetJsonData(const Json& json)

src/kiwano-network/HttpRequest.h

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public:
     /// @param url 请求地址
     /// @param type 请求类型
     /// @param callback 响应回调函数
-    static HttpRequestPtr Create(const String& url, HttpType type, const ResponseCallback& callback);
+    HttpRequest(const String& url, HttpType type, const ResponseCallback& callback);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建HTTP请求
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public:
     /// @param type 请求类型
     /// @param data 请求数据
     /// @param callback 响应回调函数
-    static HttpRequestPtr Create(const String& url, HttpType type, const String& data, const ResponseCallback& callback);
+    HttpRequest(const String& url, HttpType type, const String& data, const ResponseCallback& callback);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建HTTP请求
@@ -79,12 +79,10 @@ public:
     /// @param type 请求类型
     /// @param json 请求的JSON数据
     /// @param callback 响应回调函数
-    static HttpRequestPtr Create(const String& url, HttpType type, const Json& json, const ResponseCallback& callback);
+    HttpRequest(const String& url, HttpType type, const Json& json, const ResponseCallback& callback);
 
     HttpRequest();
 
-    HttpRequest(HttpType type);
-
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置请求地址
     void SetUrl(const String& url);
@@ -152,11 +150,6 @@ inline HttpRequest::HttpRequest()
 {
 }
 
-inline HttpRequest::HttpRequest(HttpType type)
-    : type_(type)
-{
-}
-
 inline void HttpRequest::SetUrl(const String& url)
 {
     url_ = url;

src/kiwano-physics/Fixture.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace physics
 
 FixturePtr Fixture::CreateCircle(const Param& param, float radius, const Point& offset)
 {
-    FixturePtr ptr = new (autogc) Fixture;
+    FixturePtr ptr = MakePtr<Fixture>();
     if (ptr)
     {
         auto shape      = std::make_unique<b2CircleShape>();
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ FixturePtr Fixture::CreateCircle(const Param& param, float radius, const Point&
 
 FixturePtr Fixture::CreateRect(const Param& param, const Size& size, const Point& offset, float rotation)
 {
-    FixturePtr ptr = new (autogc) Fixture;
+    FixturePtr ptr = MakePtr<Fixture>();
     if (ptr)
     {
         b2Vec2 b2size   = global::LocalToWorld(size);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ FixturePtr Fixture::CreateRect(const Param& param, const Size& size, const Point
 
 FixturePtr Fixture::CreatePolygon(const Param& param, const Vector<Point>& vertexs)
 {
-    FixturePtr ptr = new (autogc) Fixture;
+    FixturePtr ptr = MakePtr<Fixture>();
     if (ptr)
     {
         Vector<b2Vec2> b2vertexs;
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ FixturePtr Fixture::CreatePolygon(const Param& param, const Vector<Point>& verte
 
 FixturePtr Fixture::CreateEdge(const Param& param, const Point& p1, const Point& p2)
 {
-    FixturePtr ptr = new (autogc) Fixture;
+    FixturePtr ptr = MakePtr<Fixture>();
     if (ptr)
     {
         b2Vec2 start = global::LocalToWorld(p1);
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ FixturePtr Fixture::CreateEdge(const Param& param, const Point& p1, const Point&
 
 FixturePtr Fixture::CreateChain(const Param& param, const Vector<Point>& vertices, bool loop)
 {
-    FixturePtr ptr = new (autogc) Fixture;
+    FixturePtr ptr = MakePtr<Fixture>();
     if (ptr)
     {
         Vector<b2Vec2> b2vertices;

src/kiwano-physics/Joint.cpp

@@ -107,18 +107,9 @@ void Joint::Destroy()
 // DistanceJoint
 //
 
-DistanceJointPtr DistanceJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+DistanceJoint::DistanceJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    DistanceJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) DistanceJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-DistanceJoint::DistanceJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -154,18 +145,9 @@ float DistanceJoint::GetLength() const
 // FrictionJoint
 //
 
-FrictionJointPtr FrictionJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+FrictionJoint::FrictionJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    FrictionJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) FrictionJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-FrictionJoint::FrictionJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -212,18 +194,9 @@ float FrictionJoint::GetMaxTorque() const
 // GearJoint
 //
 
-GearJointPtr GearJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+GearJoint::GearJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    GearJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) GearJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-GearJoint::GearJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -258,18 +231,9 @@ float GearJoint::GetRatio() const
 // MotorJoint
 //
 
-MotorJointPtr MotorJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+MotorJoint::MotorJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    MotorJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) MotorJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-MotorJoint::MotorJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -317,18 +281,9 @@ float MotorJoint::GetMaxTorque() const
 // PrismaticJoint
 //
 
-PrismaticJointPtr PrismaticJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+PrismaticJoint::PrismaticJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    PrismaticJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) PrismaticJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-PrismaticJoint::PrismaticJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -386,18 +341,9 @@ void PrismaticJoint::SetLimits(float lower, float upper)
 // PulleyJoint
 //
 
-PulleyJointPtr PulleyJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+PulleyJoint::PulleyJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    PulleyJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) PulleyJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-PulleyJoint::PulleyJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -462,18 +408,9 @@ float PulleyJoint::GetCurrentLengthB() const
 // RevoluteJoint
 //
 
-RevoluteJointPtr RevoluteJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+RevoluteJoint::RevoluteJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    RevoluteJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) RevoluteJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-RevoluteJoint::RevoluteJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -542,18 +479,9 @@ float RevoluteJoint::GetMaxMotorTorque() const
 // RopeJoint
 //
 
-RopeJointPtr RopeJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+RopeJoint::RopeJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    RopeJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) RopeJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-RopeJoint::RopeJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -590,18 +518,9 @@ float RopeJoint::GetMaxLength() const
 // WeldJoint
 //
 
-WeldJointPtr WeldJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+WeldJoint::WeldJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    WeldJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) WeldJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-WeldJoint::WeldJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -624,18 +543,9 @@ bool WeldJoint::Init(PhysicWorld* world)
 // WheelJoint
 //
 
-WheelJointPtr WheelJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+WheelJoint::WheelJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    WheelJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) WheelJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-WheelJoint::WheelJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -686,18 +596,9 @@ float WheelJoint::GetMaxMotorTorque() const
 // MouseJoint
 //
 
-MouseJointPtr MouseJoint::Create(const Param& param)
+MouseJoint::MouseJoint(const Param& param)
-{
+    : param_(param)
-    MouseJointPtr ptr = new (autogc) MouseJoint;
+    , raw_joint_(nullptr)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->param_ = param;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-MouseJoint::MouseJoint()
-    : raw_joint_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 

src/kiwano-physics/Joint.h

@@ -161,9 +161,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建固定距离关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static DistanceJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    DistanceJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    DistanceJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -226,9 +224,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建摩擦关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static FrictionJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    FrictionJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    FrictionJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -285,9 +281,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建齿轮关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static GearJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    GearJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    GearJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -336,9 +330,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建马达关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static MotorJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    MotorJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    MotorJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -405,9 +397,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建平移关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static PrismaticJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    PrismaticJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    PrismaticJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -509,9 +499,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建滑轮关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static PulleyJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    PulleyJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    PulleyJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -588,9 +576,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建旋转关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static RevoluteJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    RevoluteJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    RevoluteJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -687,9 +673,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建绳关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static RopeJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    RopeJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    RopeJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -738,9 +722,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建焊接关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static WeldJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    WeldJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    WeldJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -809,9 +791,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建轮关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static WheelJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    WheelJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    WheelJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节
@@ -911,9 +891,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建鼠标关节
     /// @param param 关节参数
-    static MouseJointPtr Create(const Param& param);
+    MouseJoint(const Param& param);
-
-    MouseJoint();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化关节

src/kiwano-physics/PhysicBody.cpp

@@ -28,37 +28,20 @@ namespace kiwano
 namespace physics
 {
 
-PhysicBodyPtr PhysicBody::Create(PhysicWorldPtr world, Type type)
+PhysicBody::PhysicBody(PhysicWorld* world, Type type)
-{
-    return PhysicBody::Create(world.Get(), type);
-}
-
-PhysicBodyPtr PhysicBody::Create(PhysicWorld* world, Type type)
-{
-    KGE_ASSERT(world);
-
-    PhysicBodyPtr ptr = new (autogc) PhysicBody;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetType(type);
-        if (ptr->Init(world))
-        {
-            world->AddBody(ptr);
-            return ptr;
-        }
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-PhysicBody::PhysicBody()
     : body_(nullptr)
-    , world_(nullptr)
+    , world_(world)
     , type_(Type::Static)
     , category_bits_(0x0001)
     , mask_bits_(0xFFFF)
     , group_index_(0)
 {
     SetName(KGE_PHYSIC_COMP_NAME);
+
+    if (Init(world))
+    {
+        world->AddBody(this);
+    }
 }
 
 PhysicBody::~PhysicBody() {}
@@ -88,11 +71,6 @@ void PhysicBody::DestroyComponent()
     }
 }
 
-bool PhysicBody::Init(PhysicWorldPtr world)
-{
-    return Init(world.Get());
-}
-
 bool PhysicBody::Init(PhysicWorld* world)
 {
     KGE_ASSERT(body_ == nullptr);

src/kiwano-physics/PhysicBody.h

@@ -54,23 +54,10 @@ public:
     /// @brief 初始化物体
     /// @param world 物理世界
     /// @param type 物体类型
-    static PhysicBodyPtr Create(PhysicWorldPtr world, Type type);
+    PhysicBody(PhysicWorld* world, Type type);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 初始化物体
-    /// @param world 物理世界
-    /// @param type 物体类型
-    static PhysicBodyPtr Create(PhysicWorld* world, Type type);
-
-    PhysicBody();
 
     virtual ~PhysicBody();
 
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 初始化物体
-    /// @param[in] world 物理世界
-    bool Init(PhysicWorldPtr world);
-
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 初始化物体
     /// @param[in] world 物理世界

src/kiwano-physics/PhysicWorld.cpp

@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ class PhysicWorld::DebugDrawer : public b2Draw
 public:
     DebugDrawer(const Size& size)
     {
-        canvas_ = Canvas::Create(size);
+        canvas_ = MakePtr<Canvas>(size);
         ctx_    = canvas_->GetContext2D();
 
-        fill_brush_ = Brush::Create(Color::White);
+        fill_brush_ = MakePtr<Brush>(Color::White);
-        line_brush_ = Brush::Create(Color::White);
+        line_brush_ = MakePtr<Brush>(Color::White);
 
         b2Draw::SetFlags(b2Draw::e_shapeBit | b2Draw::e_jointBit | b2Draw::e_jointBit | b2Draw::e_centerOfMassBit);
     }
@@ -211,20 +211,10 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-PhysicWorldPtr PhysicWorld::Create()
+PhysicWorld::PhysicWorld(const Vec2& gravity)
+    : PhysicWorld()
 {
-    PhysicWorldPtr ptr = new (autogc) PhysicWorld;
+    SetGravity(gravity);
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-PhysicWorldPtr PhysicWorld::Create(const Vec2& gravity)
-{
-    PhysicWorldPtr ptr = new (autogc) PhysicWorld;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetGravity(gravity);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 PhysicWorld::PhysicWorld()

src/kiwano-physics/PhysicWorld.h

@@ -47,16 +47,12 @@ class KGE_API PhysicWorld : public Component
     friend class Joint;
 
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
+    PhysicWorld();
-    /// @brief 创建物理世界
-    static PhysicWorldPtr Create();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建物理世界
     /// @param gravity 重力
-    static PhysicWorldPtr Create(const Vec2& gravity);
+    PhysicWorld(const Vec2& gravity);
-
-    PhysicWorld();
 
     virtual ~PhysicWorld();
 

src/kiwano/2d/Actor.cpp

@@ -39,12 +39,6 @@ void Actor::SetDefaultAnchor(float anchor_x, float anchor_y)
     default_anchor_y = anchor_y;
 }
 
-ActorPtr Actor::Create()
-{
-    ActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) Actor;
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 Actor::Actor()
     : ComponentManager(this)
     , visible_(true)
@@ -264,18 +258,18 @@ bool Actor::HandleEvent(Event* evt)
             {
                 hover_ = true;
 
-                MouseHoverEventPtr hover = new (autogc) MouseHoverEvent;
+                auto hover = new (autogc) MouseHoverEvent;
-                hover->pos               = mouse_evt->pos;
+                hover->pos = mouse_evt->pos;
-                HandleEvent(hover.Get());
+                HandleEvent(hover);
             }
             else if (hover_ && !contains)
             {
                 hover_   = false;
                 pressed_ = false;
 
-                MouseOutEventPtr out = new (autogc) MouseOutEvent;
+                auto out = new (autogc) MouseOutEvent;
-                out->pos             = mouse_evt->pos;
+                out->pos = mouse_evt->pos;
-                HandleEvent(out.Get());
+                HandleEvent(out);
             }
         }
 
@@ -290,10 +284,10 @@ bool Actor::HandleEvent(Event* evt)
 
             auto mouse_up_evt = dynamic_cast<MouseUpEvent*>(evt);
 
-            MouseClickEventPtr click = new (autogc) MouseClickEvent;
+            auto click    = new (autogc) MouseClickEvent;
-            click->pos               = mouse_up_evt->pos;
+            click->pos    = mouse_up_evt->pos;
-            click->button            = mouse_up_evt->button;
+            click->button = mouse_up_evt->button;
-            HandleEvent(click.Get());
+            HandleEvent(click);
         }
     }
     return true;

src/kiwano/2d/Actor.h

@@ -77,10 +77,6 @@ public:
     /// @brief 角色更新回调函数
     typedef Function<void(Duration)> UpdateCallback;
 
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief ´´˝¨˝ÇÉŤ
-    static ActorPtr Create();
-
     Actor();
 
     virtual ~Actor();

src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp

@@ -24,25 +24,11 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-CanvasPtr Canvas::Create(const Size& size)
+Canvas::Canvas(const Size& size)
 {
-    CanvasPtr ptr = new (autogc) Canvas;
+    ResizeAndClear(size);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        try
-        {
-            ptr->ResizeAndClear(size);
-        }
-        catch (std::exception)
-        {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-Canvas::Canvas() {}
-
 RenderContextPtr Canvas::GetContext2D() const
 {
     return render_ctx_;
@@ -58,7 +44,7 @@ void Canvas::OnRender(RenderContext& ctx)
 
 void Canvas::ResizeAndClear(Size size)
 {
-    texture_cached_ = new (autogc) Texture;
+    texture_cached_ = MakePtr<Texture>();
     render_ctx_     = RenderContext::Create(*texture_cached_, size);
 
     SetSize(render_ctx_->GetSize());

src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建画布
     /// @param size 画布大小
-    static CanvasPtr Create(const Size& size);
+    Canvas(const Size& size);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取2D绘图上下文
@@ -62,9 +62,6 @@ public:
 
     void OnRender(RenderContext& ctx) override;
 
-private:
-    Canvas();
-
 private:
     TexturePtr       texture_cached_;
     RenderContextPtr render_ctx_;

src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp

@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ DebugActor::DebugActor()
 
     comma_locale_ = std::locale(std::locale(), new comma_numpunct);
 
-    background_brush_ = new (autogc) Brush;
+    background_brush_ = MakePtr<Brush>();
     background_brush_->SetColor(Color::Rgba(0x000000, 0.7f));
 
-    BrushPtr fill_brush = new (autogc) Brush;
+    BrushPtr fill_brush = MakePtr<Brush>();
     fill_brush->SetColor(Color::White);
 
     debug_text_style_.font_family  = "Arial";

src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp

@@ -25,38 +25,6 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-GifSpritePtr GifSprite::Create(const String& file_path)
-{
-    GifSpritePtr ptr = new (autogc) GifSprite;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(file_path))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-GifSpritePtr GifSprite::Create(const Resource& res)
-{
-    GifSpritePtr ptr = new (autogc) GifSprite;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(res))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-GifSpritePtr GifSprite::Create(GifImagePtr gif)
-{
-    GifSpritePtr ptr = new (autogc) GifSprite;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetGifImage(gif);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 GifSprite::GifSprite()
     : animating_(false)
     , next_index_(0)
@@ -65,6 +33,24 @@ GifSprite::GifSprite()
 {
 }
 
+GifSprite::GifSprite(const String& file_path)
+    : GifSprite()
+{
+    Load(file_path);
+}
+
+GifSprite::GifSprite(const Resource& res)
+    : GifSprite()
+{
+    Load(res);
+}
+
+GifSprite::GifSprite(GifImagePtr gif)
+    : GifSprite()
+{
+    SetGifImage(gif);
+}
+
 bool GifSprite::Load(const String& file_path)
 {
     GifImagePtr image = TextureCache::GetInstance().AddOrGetGifImage(file_path);
@@ -92,7 +78,7 @@ bool GifSprite::Load(GifImagePtr gif)
         frame_rt_.Reset();
 
         Size frame_size  = Size(float(gif_->GetWidthInPixels()), float(gif_->GetHeightInPixels()));
-        frame_to_render_ = new (autogc) Texture;
+        frame_to_render_ = MakePtr<Texture>();
         frame_rt_        = RenderContext::Create(*frame_to_render_, frame_size);
 
         SetSize(frame_rt_->GetSize());
@@ -229,7 +215,7 @@ void GifSprite::SaveComposedFrame()
 
     if (!saved_frame_)
     {
-        saved_frame_ = new (autogc) Texture;
+        saved_frame_ = MakePtr<Texture>();
         frame_rt_->CreateTexture(*saved_frame_, frame_to_render_->GetSizeInPixels());
     }
     saved_frame_->CopyFrom(frame_to_render_);

src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h

@@ -48,22 +48,22 @@ public:
     /// @brief GIF²¥·Å½áÊø»Øµ÷
     using DoneCallback = Function<void()>;
 
+    GifSprite();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ´´½¨GIF¾«Áé
     /// @param file_path GIFͼƬ·¾¶
-    static GifSpritePtr Create(const String& file_path);
+    GifSprite(const String& file_path);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ´´½¨GIF¾«Áé
     /// @param res GIFͼƬ×ÊÔ´
-    static GifSpritePtr Create(const Resource& res);
+    GifSprite(const Resource& res);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ´´½¨GIF¾«Áé
     /// @param gif GIFͼƬ
-    static GifSpritePtr Create(GifImagePtr gif);
+    GifSprite(GifImagePtr gif);
-
-    GifSprite();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ¼ÓÔØGIFͼƬ

src/kiwano/2d/LayerActor.cpp

@@ -25,12 +25,6 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-LayerActorPtr LayerActor::Create()
-{
-    LayerActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) LayerActor;
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 LayerActor::LayerActor()
     : swallow_(false)
 {

src/kiwano/2d/LayerActor.h

@@ -39,10 +39,6 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(LayerActor);
 class KGE_API LayerActor : public Actor
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief ´´˝¨Íź˛ă
-    static LayerActorPtr Create();
-
     LayerActor();
 
     virtual ~LayerActor();

src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.cpp

@@ -25,40 +25,25 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-ShapeActorPtr ShapeActor::Create(ShapePtr shape)
+ShapeActor::ShapeActor() {}
+
+ShapeActor::ShapeActor(ShapePtr shape)
 {
-    ShapeActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) ShapeActor;
+    SetShape(shape);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetShape(shape);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-ShapeActorPtr ShapeActor::Create(ShapePtr shape, const Color& fill_color, const Color& stroke_color)
+ShapeActor::ShapeActor(ShapePtr shape, const Color& fill_color, const Color& stroke_color)
+    : ShapeActor(shape)
 {
-    ShapeActorPtr ptr = ShapeActor::Create(shape);
+    SetFillColor(fill_color);
-    if (ptr)
+    SetStrokeColor(stroke_color);
-    {
-        ptr->SetFillColor(fill_color);
-        ptr->SetStrokeColor(stroke_color);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-ShapeActorPtr ShapeActor::Create(ShapePtr shape, BrushPtr fill_brush, BrushPtr stroke_brush)
+ShapeActor::ShapeActor(ShapePtr shape, BrushPtr fill_brush, BrushPtr stroke_brush)
-{
+    : ShapeActor(shape)
-    ShapeActorPtr ptr = ShapeActor::Create(shape);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetFillBrush(fill_brush);
-        ptr->SetStrokeBrush(stroke_brush);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-ShapeActor::ShapeActor()
 {
+    SetFillBrush(fill_brush);
+    SetStrokeBrush(stroke_brush);
 }
 
 ShapeActor::~ShapeActor() {}
@@ -127,18 +112,13 @@ bool ShapeActor::CheckVisibility(RenderContext& ctx) const
 // LineActor
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-LineActorPtr LineActor::Create(const Point& begin, const Point& end)
-{
-    LineActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) LineActor;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetLine(begin, end);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 LineActor::LineActor() {}
 
+LineActor::LineActor(const Point& begin, const Point& end)
+{
+    SetLine(begin, end);
+}
+
 LineActor::~LineActor() {}
 
 void LineActor::SetLine(const Point& begin, const Point& end)
@@ -155,18 +135,13 @@ void LineActor::SetLine(const Point& begin, const Point& end)
 // RectActor
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-RectActorPtr RectActor::Create(const Size& size)
-{
-    RectActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) RectActor;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetRectSize(size);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 RectActor::RectActor() {}
 
+RectActor::RectActor(const Size& size)
+{
+    SetRectSize(size);
+}
+
 RectActor::~RectActor() {}
 
 void RectActor::SetRectSize(const Size& size)
@@ -182,18 +157,13 @@ void RectActor::SetRectSize(const Size& size)
 // RoundedRectActor
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-RoundedRectActorPtr RoundedRectActor::Create(const Size& size, const Vec2& radius)
-{
-    RoundedRectActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) RoundedRectActor;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetRoundedRect(size, radius);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 RoundedRectActor::RoundedRectActor() {}
 
+RoundedRectActor::RoundedRectActor(const Size& size, const Vec2& radius)
+{
+    SetRoundedRect(size, radius);
+}
+
 RoundedRectActor::~RoundedRectActor() {}
 
 void RoundedRectActor::SetRadius(const Vec2& radius)
@@ -220,21 +190,17 @@ void RoundedRectActor::SetRoundedRect(const Size& size, const Vec2& radius)
 // CircleActor
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-CircleActorPtr CircleActor::Create(float radius)
-{
-    CircleActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) CircleActor;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetRadius(radius);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 CircleActor::CircleActor()
     : radius_(0.f)
 {
 }
 
+CircleActor::CircleActor(float radius)
+    : radius_(0.f)
+{
+    SetRadius(radius);
+}
+
 CircleActor::~CircleActor() {}
 
 void CircleActor::SetRadius(float radius)
@@ -250,18 +216,13 @@ void CircleActor::SetRadius(float radius)
 // EllipseActor
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-EllipseActorPtr EllipseActor::Create(const Vec2& radius)
-{
-    EllipseActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) EllipseActor;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetRadius(radius);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 EllipseActor::EllipseActor() {}
 
+EllipseActor::EllipseActor(const Vec2& radius)
+{
+    SetRadius(radius);
+}
+
 EllipseActor::~EllipseActor() {}
 
 void EllipseActor::SetRadius(const Vec2& radius)
@@ -277,30 +238,25 @@ void EllipseActor::SetRadius(const Vec2& radius)
 // PolygonActor
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-PolygonActorPtr PolygonActor::Create(const Vector<Point>& points)
-{
-    PolygonActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) PolygonActor;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetVertices(points);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 PolygonActor::PolygonActor() {}
 
+PolygonActor::PolygonActor(const Vector<Point>& points)
+{
+    SetVertices(points);
+}
+
 PolygonActor::~PolygonActor() {}
 
 void PolygonActor::SetVertices(const Vector<Point>& points)
 {
     if (points.size() > 1)
     {
-        ShapeMakerPtr maker = ShapeMaker::Create();
+        ShapeMaker maker;
-        maker->BeginPath(points[0]);
+        maker.BeginPath(points[0]);
-        maker->AddLines(&points[1], points.size() - 1);
+        maker.AddLines(&points[1], points.size() - 1);
-        maker->EndPath(true);
+        maker.EndPath(true);
 
-        SetShape(maker->GetShape());
+        SetShape(maker.GetShape());
     }
 }
 

src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.h

@@ -48,28 +48,26 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(PolygonActor);
 class KGE_API ShapeActor : public Actor
 {
 public:
+    ShapeActor();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建形状角色
     /// @param shape 形状
-    static ShapeActorPtr Create(ShapePtr shape);
+    ShapeActor(ShapePtr shape);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建形状角色
     /// @param shape 形状
     /// @param fill_color 填充颜色
     /// @param stroke_color 轮廓颜色
-    static ShapeActorPtr Create(ShapePtr shape, const Color& fill_color, const Color& stroke_color);
+    ShapeActor(ShapePtr shape, const Color& fill_color, const Color& stroke_color);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建形状角色
     /// @param shape 形状
     /// @param fill_brush 填充画刷
     /// @param stroke_brush 轮廓画刷
-    static ShapeActorPtr Create(ShapePtr shape, BrushPtr fill_brush, BrushPtr stroke_brush);
+    ShapeActor(ShapePtr shape, BrushPtr fill_brush, BrushPtr stroke_brush);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief ¹¹ÔìÐÎ×´½ÇÉ«
-    ShapeActor();
 
     virtual ~ShapeActor();
 
@@ -147,13 +145,13 @@ private:
 class KGE_API LineActor : public ShapeActor
 {
 public:
+    LineActor();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建线段角色
     /// @param begin 线段起点
     /// @param end 线段终点
-    static LineActorPtr Create(const Point& begin, const Point& end);
+    LineActor(const Point& begin, const Point& end);
-
-    LineActor();
 
     virtual ~LineActor();
 
@@ -191,12 +189,12 @@ private:
 class KGE_API RectActor : public ShapeActor
 {
 public:
+    RectActor();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建矩形角色
     /// @param size 矩形大小
-    static RectActorPtr Create(const Size& size);
+    RectActor(const Size& size);
-
-    RectActor();
 
     virtual ~RectActor();
 
@@ -218,13 +216,13 @@ private:
 class KGE_API RoundedRectActor : public ShapeActor
 {
 public:
+    RoundedRectActor();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建圆角矩形角色
     /// @param size 圆角矩形大小
     /// @param radius 圆角半径
-    static RoundedRectActorPtr Create(const Size& size, const Vec2& radius);
+    RoundedRectActor(const Size& size, const Vec2& radius);
-
-    RoundedRectActor();
 
     virtual ~RoundedRectActor();
 
@@ -262,12 +260,12 @@ private:
 class KGE_API CircleActor : public ShapeActor
 {
 public:
+    CircleActor();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建圆形角色
     /// @param radius 圆形半径
-    static CircleActorPtr Create(float radius);
+    CircleActor(float radius);
-
-    CircleActor();
 
     virtual ~CircleActor();
 
@@ -289,12 +287,12 @@ private:
 class KGE_API EllipseActor : public ShapeActor
 {
 public:
+    EllipseActor();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建椭圆角色
     /// @param radius 椭圆半径
-    static EllipseActorPtr Create(const Vec2& radius);
+    EllipseActor(const Vec2& radius);
-
-    EllipseActor();
 
     virtual ~EllipseActor();
 
@@ -316,12 +314,12 @@ private:
 class KGE_API PolygonActor : public ShapeActor
 {
 public:
+    PolygonActor();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建多边形角色
     /// @param points 多边形端点集合
-    static PolygonActorPtr Create(const Vector<Point>& points);
+    PolygonActor(const Vector<Point>& points);
-
-    PolygonActor();
 
     virtual ~PolygonActor();
 
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@ inline void ShapeActor::SetStrokeColor(const Color& color)
 {
     if (!stroke_brush_)
     {
-        stroke_brush_ = new (autogc) Brush;
+        stroke_brush_ = MakePtr<Brush>();
     }
     stroke_brush_->SetColor(color);
 }
@@ -347,7 +345,7 @@ inline void ShapeActor::SetFillColor(const Color& color)
 {
     if (!fill_brush_)
     {
-        fill_brush_ = new (autogc) Brush;
+        fill_brush_ = MakePtr<Brush>();
     }
     fill_brush_->SetColor(color);
 }

src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.cpp

@@ -24,65 +24,40 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-SpritePtr Sprite::Create(const String& file_path)
-{
-    SpritePtr ptr = new (autogc) Sprite;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(file_path))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-SpritePtr Sprite::Create(const Resource& res)
-{
-    SpritePtr ptr = new (autogc) Sprite;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(res))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-SpritePtr Sprite::Create(FramePtr frame)
-{
-    SpritePtr ptr = new (autogc) Sprite;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetFrame(frame);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-SpritePtr Sprite::Create(const String& file_path, const Rect& crop_rect)
-{
-    SpritePtr ptr = Sprite::Create(file_path);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetCropRect(crop_rect);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-SpritePtr Sprite::Create(const Resource& res, const Rect& crop_rect)
-{
-    SpritePtr ptr = Sprite::Create(res);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetCropRect(crop_rect);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 Sprite::Sprite() {}
 
+Sprite::Sprite(const String& file_path)
+{
+    Load(file_path);
+}
+
+Sprite::Sprite(const Resource& res)
+{
+    Load(res);
+}
+
+Sprite::Sprite(FramePtr frame)
+{
+    SetFrame(frame);
+}
+
+Sprite::Sprite(const String& file_path, const Rect& crop_rect)
+    : Sprite(file_path)
+{
+    SetCropRect(crop_rect);
+}
+
+Sprite::Sprite(const Resource& res, const Rect& crop_rect)
+    : Sprite(res)
+{
+    SetCropRect(crop_rect);
+}
+
 Sprite::~Sprite() {}
 
 bool Sprite::Load(const String& file_path, bool autoresize)
 {
-    FramePtr frame = Frame::Create(file_path);
+    FramePtr frame = MakePtr<Frame>(file_path);
     if (frame)
     {
         SetFrame(frame, autoresize);
@@ -93,7 +68,7 @@ bool Sprite::Load(const String& file_path, bool autoresize)
 
 bool Sprite::Load(const Resource& res, bool autoresize)
 {
-    FramePtr frame = Frame::Create(res);
+    FramePtr frame = MakePtr<Frame>(res);
     if (frame)
     {
         SetFrame(frame, autoresize);

src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.h

@@ -38,34 +38,34 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Sprite);
 class KGE_API Sprite : public Actor
 {
 public:
+    Sprite();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建精灵
     /// @param file_path 本地图片路径
-    static SpritePtr Create(const String& file_path);
+    Sprite(const String& file_path);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建精灵
     /// @param res 图片资源
-    static SpritePtr Create(const Resource& res);
+    Sprite(const Resource& res);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建精灵
     /// @param frame 图像帧
-    static SpritePtr Create(FramePtr frame);
+    Sprite(FramePtr frame);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建精灵
     /// @param file_path 本地图片路径
     /// @param crop_rect 裁剪矩形
-    static SpritePtr Create(const String& file_path, const Rect& crop_rect);
+    Sprite(const String& file_path, const Rect& crop_rect);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建精灵
     /// @param res 图片资源
     /// @param crop_rect 裁剪矩形
-    static SpritePtr Create(const Resource& res, const Rect& crop_rect);
+    Sprite(const Resource& res, const Rect& crop_rect);
-
-    Sprite();
 
     virtual ~Sprite();
 

src/kiwano/2d/Stage.cpp

@@ -25,12 +25,6 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-StagePtr Stage::Create()
-{
-    StagePtr ptr = new (autogc) Stage;
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 Stage::Stage()
 {
     SetStage(this);
@@ -57,13 +51,13 @@ void Stage::RenderBorder(RenderContext& ctx)
 
     if (!border_fill_brush_)
     {
-        border_fill_brush_ = new (autogc) Brush;
+        border_fill_brush_ = MakePtr<Brush>();
         border_fill_brush_->SetColor(Color(Color::Red, .4f));
     }
 
     if (!border_stroke_brush_)
     {
-        border_stroke_brush_ = new (autogc) Brush;
+        border_stroke_brush_ = MakePtr<Brush>();
         border_stroke_brush_->SetColor(Color(Color::Red, .8f));
     }
 

src/kiwano/2d/Stage.h

@@ -43,10 +43,6 @@ class KGE_API Stage : public Actor
     friend class Director;
 
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 进入舞台时
-    static StagePtr Create();
-
     Stage();
 
     virtual ~Stage();

src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp

@@ -25,24 +25,17 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-TextActorPtr TextActor::Create(const String& text)
+TextActor::TextActor() {}
+
+TextActor::TextActor(const String& text)
+    : TextActor(text, TextStyle())
 {
-    return TextActor::Create(text, TextStyle());
 }
 
-TextActorPtr TextActor::Create(const String& text, const TextStyle& style)
+TextActor::TextActor(const String& text, const TextStyle& style)
-{
-    TextActorPtr ptr = new (autogc) TextActor;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetStyle(style);
-        ptr->SetText(text);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-TextActor::TextActor()
 {
+    SetStyle(style);
+    SetText(text);
 }
 
 TextActor::~TextActor() {}
@@ -65,7 +58,7 @@ void TextActor::SetText(const String& text)
 {
     if (!layout_)
     {
-        layout_ = TextLayout::Create();
+        layout_ = MakePtr<TextLayout>();
     }
     layout_->Reset(text, style_);
 }
@@ -215,7 +208,7 @@ void TextActor::SetFillColor(const Color& color)
     }
     else
     {
-        SetFillBrush(Brush::Create(color));
+        SetFillBrush(MakePtr<Brush>(color));
     }
 }
 
@@ -227,7 +220,7 @@ void TextActor::SetOutlineColor(const Color& outline_color)
     }
     else
     {
-        SetFillBrush(Brush::Create(outline_color));
+        SetFillBrush(MakePtr<Brush>(outline_color));
     }
 }
 

src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h

@@ -39,18 +39,18 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(TextActor);
 class KGE_API TextActor : public Actor
 {
 public:
+    TextActor();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建文本角色
     /// @param text 文字内容
-    static TextActorPtr Create(const String& text);
+    TextActor(const String& text);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建文本角色
     /// @param text 文字内容
     /// @param style 文本样式
-    static TextActorPtr Create(const String& text, const TextStyle& style);
+    TextActor(const String& text, const TextStyle& style);
-
-    TextActor();
 
     virtual ~TextActor();
 

src/kiwano/2d/Transition.cpp

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ bool Transition::IsDone()
     return done_;
 }
 
-void Transition::Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next)
+void Transition::Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next)
 {
     process_ = 0;
     delta_   = Duration{};
@@ -126,19 +126,14 @@ void Transition::Stop()
 // BoxTransition
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-BoxTransitionPtr BoxTransition::Create(Duration duration)
+BoxTransition::BoxTransition(Duration duration)
 {
-    BoxTransitionPtr ptr = new (autogc) BoxTransition;
+    SetDuration(duration);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 BoxTransition::BoxTransition() {}
 
-void BoxTransition::Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next)
+void BoxTransition::Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next)
 {
     Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
@@ -167,19 +162,14 @@ void BoxTransition::Update(Duration dt)
 // EmergeTransition
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-EmergeTransitionPtr EmergeTransition::Create(Duration duration)
+EmergeTransition::EmergeTransition(Duration duration)
 {
-    EmergeTransitionPtr ptr = new (autogc) EmergeTransition;
+    SetDuration(duration);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 EmergeTransition::EmergeTransition() {}
 
-void EmergeTransition::Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next)
+void EmergeTransition::Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next)
 {
     Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
@@ -199,19 +189,14 @@ void EmergeTransition::Update(Duration dt)
 // FadeTransition
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-FadeTransitionPtr FadeTransition::Create(Duration duration)
+FadeTransition::FadeTransition(Duration duration)
 {
-    FadeTransitionPtr ptr = new (autogc) FadeTransition;
+    SetDuration(duration);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 FadeTransition::FadeTransition() {}
 
-void FadeTransition::Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next)
+void FadeTransition::Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next)
 {
     Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
@@ -239,15 +224,10 @@ void FadeTransition::Update(Duration dt)
 // MoveTransition
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-MoveTransitionPtr MoveTransition::Create(Duration duration, Type type)
+MoveTransition::MoveTransition(Duration duration, Type type)
+    : type_(type)
 {
-    MoveTransitionPtr ptr = new (autogc) MoveTransition;
+    SetDuration(duration);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->type_ = type;
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 MoveTransition::MoveTransition()
@@ -255,7 +235,7 @@ MoveTransition::MoveTransition()
 {
 }
 
-void MoveTransition::Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next)
+void MoveTransition::Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next)
 {
     Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
@@ -328,15 +308,10 @@ void MoveTransition::Reset()
 // RotationTransition
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-RotationTransitionPtr RotationTransition::Create(Duration duration, float rotation)
+RotationTransition::RotationTransition(Duration duration, float rotation)
+    : rotation_(rotation)
 {
-    RotationTransitionPtr ptr = new (autogc) RotationTransition;
+    SetDuration(duration);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->rotation_ = rotation;
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 RotationTransition::RotationTransition()
@@ -344,7 +319,7 @@ RotationTransition::RotationTransition()
 {
 }
 
-void RotationTransition::Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next)
+void RotationTransition::Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next)
 {
     Transition::Init(prev, next);
 

src/kiwano/2d/Transition.h

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ protected:
      * @param[in] prev 转出场景
      * @param[in] next 转入场景
      */
-    virtual void Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next);
+    virtual void Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next);
 
     /**
      * \~chinese
@@ -95,15 +95,15 @@ protected:
     virtual void Reset() {}
 
 protected:
-    bool      done_;
+    bool     done_;
-    float     process_;
+    float    process_;
-    Duration  duration_;
+    Duration duration_;
-    Duration  delta_;
+    Duration delta_;
-    Size      window_size_;
+    Size     window_size_;
-    StagePtr  out_stage_;
+    StagePtr out_stage_;
-    StagePtr  in_stage_;
+    StagePtr in_stage_;
-    Layer out_layer_;
+    Layer    out_layer_;
-    Layer in_layer_;
+    Layer    in_layer_;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -119,14 +119,14 @@ public:
      * @brief 创建淡入淡出过渡动画
      * @param duration 动画时长
      */
-    static FadeTransitionPtr Create(Duration duration);
+    FadeTransition(Duration duration);
 
     FadeTransition();
 
 protected:
     void Update(Duration dt) override;
 
-    virtual void Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next) override;
+    virtual void Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next) override;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -142,14 +142,14 @@ public:
      * @brief 创建渐变过渡动画
      * @param duration 动画时长
      */
-    static EmergeTransitionPtr Create(Duration duration);
+    EmergeTransition(Duration duration);
 
     EmergeTransition();
 
 protected:
     void Update(Duration dt) override;
 
-    virtual void Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next) override;
+    virtual void Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next) override;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -165,14 +165,14 @@ public:
      * @brief 创建盒状过渡动画
      * @param duration 动画时长
      */
-    static BoxTransitionPtr Create(Duration duration);
+    BoxTransition(Duration duration);
 
     BoxTransition();
 
 protected:
     void Update(Duration dt) override;
 
-    virtual void Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next) override;
+    virtual void Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next) override;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -201,14 +201,14 @@ public:
      * @param duration 动画时长
      * @param type 位移方式
      */
-    static MoveTransitionPtr Create(Duration duration, Type type);
+    MoveTransition(Duration duration, Type type);
 
     MoveTransition();
 
 protected:
     void Update(Duration dt) override;
 
-    virtual void Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next) override;
+    virtual void Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next) override;
 
     void Reset() override;
 
@@ -232,14 +232,14 @@ public:
      * @param duration 动画时长
      * @param rotation 旋转度数
      */
-    static RotationTransitionPtr Create(Duration duration, float rotation = 360.0f);
+    RotationTransition(Duration duration, float rotation = 360.0f);
 
     RotationTransition();
 
 protected:
     void Update(Duration dt) override;
 
-    virtual void Init(StagePtr prev, StagePtr next) override;
+    virtual void Init(Stage* prev, Stage* next) override;
 
     void Reset() override;
 

src/kiwano/2d/action/Action.cpp

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ void ActionEntity::Reset()
     loops_done_ = 0;
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionEntity::DoClone(ActionEntityPtr to) const
+void ActionEntity::DoClone(ActionEntity* to) const
 {
     if (to)
     {
@@ -116,7 +116,6 @@ ActionEntityPtr ActionEntity::DoClone(ActionEntityPtr to) const
         to->SetLoops(this->GetLoops());
         to->SetName(this->GetName());
     }
-    return to;
 }
 
 }  // namespace kiwano

src/kiwano/2d/action/Action.h

@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <kiwano/core/Common.h>
 #include <kiwano/core/Cloneable.h>
 #include <kiwano/base/ObjectBase.h>
-#include <kiwano/core/RefPtr.hpp>
 #include <kiwano/core/Time.h>
 #include <kiwano/core/IntrusiveList.h>
 #include <kiwano/math/Math.h>
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取动画的倒转
-    virtual ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const = 0;
+    virtual ActionEntity* Reverse() const = 0;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取动画的运行状态
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ protected:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 执行克隆
-    ActionEntityPtr DoClone(ActionEntityPtr to) const;
+    void DoClone(ActionEntity* to) const;
 
 private:
     Status             status_;
@@ -300,6 +299,11 @@ public:
         return Get();
     }
 
+    inline operator ActionEntity*() const
+    {
+        return Get();
+    }
+
     inline operator ActionEntityPtr() const
     {
         return ptr;

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionDelay.cpp

@@ -25,27 +25,24 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 ActionDelay::ActionDelay(Duration delay)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionDelayEntity::Create(delay));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionDelayEntity>(delay));
 }
 
-ActionDelayEntityPtr ActionDelayEntity::Create(Duration delay)
+ActionDelayEntity::ActionDelayEntity(Duration delay)
 {
-    ActionDelayEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionDelayEntity;
+    this->SetDelay(delay);
-    if (ptr)
+}
-    {
+
-        ptr->SetDelay(delay);
+ActionDelayEntity* ActionDelayEntity::Clone() const
-    }
+{
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionDelayEntity(GetDelay());
+    DoClone(ptr);
     return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionDelayEntity::Clone() const
+ActionDelayEntity* ActionDelayEntity::Reverse() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionDelayEntity::Create(GetDelay()));
+    return Clone();
-}
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionDelayEntity::Reverse() const
-{
-    return DoClone(ActionDelayEntity::Create(GetDelay()));
 }
 
 }  // namespace kiwano

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionDelay.h

@@ -50,15 +50,15 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建延时动画
     /// @param delay 延时时长
-    static ActionDelayEntityPtr Create(Duration delay);
+    ActionDelayEntity(Duration delay);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionDelayEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override;
+    ActionDelayEntity* Reverse() const override;
 };
 
 /** @} */

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionGroup.cpp

@@ -27,18 +27,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 ActionGroup::ActionGroup(const Vector<ActionEntityPtr>& actions, bool parallel)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionGroupEntity::Create(actions, parallel));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionGroupEntity>(actions, parallel));
-}
-
-ActionGroupEntityPtr ActionGroupEntity::Create(const Vector<ActionEntityPtr>& actions, bool parallel)
-{
-    ActionGroupEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionGroupEntity;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->parallel_ = parallel;
-        ptr->AddActions(actions);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 ActionGroupEntity::ActionGroupEntity()
@@ -46,9 +35,10 @@ ActionGroupEntity::ActionGroupEntity()
 {
 }
 
-ActionGroupEntity::ActionGroupEntity(bool parallel)
+ActionGroupEntity::ActionGroupEntity(const Vector<ActionEntityPtr>& actions, bool parallel)
     : parallel_(parallel)
 {
+    AddActions(actions);
 }
 
 ActionGroupEntity::~ActionGroupEntity() {}
@@ -123,7 +113,7 @@ void ActionGroupEntity::AddActions(const Vector<ActionEntityPtr>& actions)
         AddAction(action);
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionGroupEntity::Clone() const
+ActionGroupEntity* ActionGroupEntity::Clone() const
 {
     Vector<ActionEntityPtr> actions;
     if (!actions_.IsEmpty())
@@ -133,10 +123,12 @@ ActionEntityPtr ActionGroupEntity::Clone() const
             actions.push_back(action->Clone());
         }
     }
-    return DoClone(ActionGroupEntity::Create(actions, parallel_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionGroupEntity(actions, parallel_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionGroupEntity::Reverse() const
+ActionGroupEntity* ActionGroupEntity::Reverse() const
 {
     Vector<ActionEntityPtr> actions;
     if (!actions_.IsEmpty())
@@ -146,7 +138,9 @@ ActionEntityPtr ActionGroupEntity::Reverse() const
             actions.push_back(action->Reverse());
         }
     }
-    return DoClone(ActionGroupEntity::Create(actions, parallel_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionGroupEntity(actions, parallel_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 }  // namespace kiwano

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionGroup.h

@@ -47,15 +47,13 @@ public:
 class KGE_API ActionGroupEntity : public ActionEntity
 {
 public:
+    ActionGroupEntity();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建动画组合
     /// @param actions 动画集合
     /// @param parallel 同步执行
-    static ActionGroupEntityPtr Create(const Vector<ActionEntityPtr>& actions, bool parallel = false);
+    ActionGroupEntity(const Vector<ActionEntityPtr>& actions, bool parallel = false);
-
-    ActionGroupEntity();
-
-    ActionGroupEntity(bool parallel);
 
     virtual ~ActionGroupEntity();
 
@@ -75,11 +73,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionGroupEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override;
+    ActionGroupEntity* Reverse() const override;
 
 protected:
     void Init(Actor* target) override;

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionScheduler.cpp

@@ -87,14 +87,14 @@ void ActionScheduler::StopAllActions()
     }
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionScheduler::GetAction(const String& name)
+ActionEntity* ActionScheduler::GetAction(const String& name)
 {
     if (actions_.IsEmpty())
         return nullptr;
 
     for (auto& action : actions_)
         if (action->IsName(name))
-            return action;
+            return action.Get();
     return nullptr;
 }
 

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionScheduler.h

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取指定名称的动画
     /// @param name 动画名称
-    ActionEntityPtr GetAction(const String& name);
+    ActionEntity* GetAction(const String& name);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取所有动画

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionTween.cpp

@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ ActionTweenEntity::ActionTweenEntity()
 {
 }
 
-ActionTweenEntity::ActionTweenEntity(Duration duration, EaseFunc func)
+ActionTweenEntity::ActionTweenEntity(Duration duration)
     : dur_(duration)
-    , ease_func_(func)
+    , ease_func_(nullptr)
 {
 }
 
@@ -129,33 +129,26 @@ void ActionTweenEntity::Update(Actor* target, Duration dt)
     UpdateTween(target, percent);
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionTweenEntity::DoClone(ActionTweenEntityPtr to) const
+void ActionTweenEntity::DoClone(ActionTweenEntity* to) const
 {
     if (to)
     {
+        ActionEntity::DoClone(to);
         to->SetDuration(this->GetDuration());
         to->SetEaseFunc(this->GetEaseFunc());
     }
-    return ActionEntity::DoClone(to);
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 // Move Action
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-ActionMoveByEntityPtr ActionMoveByEntity::Create(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement)
+ActionMoveByEntity::ActionMoveByEntity(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement)
+    : ActionTweenEntity(duration)
+    , displacement_(displacement)
 {
-    ActionMoveByEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionMoveByEntity;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetDisplacement(displacement);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionMoveByEntity::ActionMoveByEntity() {}
-
 void ActionMoveByEntity::Init(Actor* target)
 {
     if (target)
@@ -175,32 +168,31 @@ void ActionMoveByEntity::UpdateTween(Actor* target, float percent)
     prev_pos_ = new_pos;
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionMoveByEntity::Clone() const
+ActionMoveByEntity* ActionMoveByEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionMoveByEntity::Create(GetDuration(), displacement_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionMoveByEntity(GetDuration(), displacement_);
-}
+    DoClone(ptr);
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionMoveByEntity::Reverse() const
-{
-    return DoClone(ActionMoveByEntity::Create(GetDuration(), -displacement_));
-}
-
-ActionMoveToEntityPtr ActionMoveToEntity::Create(Duration duration, const Point& distination)
-{
-    ActionMoveToEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionMoveToEntity;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetDistination(distination);
-    }
     return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionMoveToEntity::ActionMoveToEntity() {}
+ActionMoveByEntity* ActionMoveByEntity::Reverse() const
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionMoveToEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionMoveToEntity::Create(GetDuration(), distination_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionMoveByEntity(GetDuration(), -displacement_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+ActionMoveToEntity::ActionMoveToEntity(Duration duration, const Point& distination)
+    : ActionMoveByEntity(duration, Vec2())
+    , distination_(distination)
+{
+}
+
+ActionMoveToEntity* ActionMoveToEntity::Clone() const
+{
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionMoveToEntity(GetDuration(), distination_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 void ActionMoveToEntity::Init(Actor* target)
@@ -213,33 +205,26 @@ void ActionMoveToEntity::Init(Actor* target)
 // Jump Action
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-ActionJumpByEntityPtr ActionJumpByEntity::Create(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement, float height, int count)
+ActionJumpByEntity::ActionJumpByEntity(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement, float height, int count)
+    : ActionTweenEntity(duration)
+    , height_(height)
+    , jump_count_(count)
+    , displacement_(displacement)
 {
-    ActionJumpByEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionJumpByEntity;
+}
-    if (ptr)
+
-    {
+ActionJumpByEntity* ActionJumpByEntity::Clone() const
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
+{
-        ptr->SetJumpHeight(height);
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionJumpByEntity(GetDuration(), displacement_, height_, jump_count_);
-        ptr->SetJumpCount(count);
+    DoClone(ptr);
-        ptr->SetDisplacement(displacement);
-    }
     return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionJumpByEntity::ActionJumpByEntity()
+ActionJumpByEntity* ActionJumpByEntity::Reverse() const
-    : height_(0.0f)
-    , jump_count_(0)
 {
-}
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionJumpByEntity(GetDuration(), -displacement_, height_, jump_count_);
-
+    DoClone(ptr);
-ActionEntityPtr ActionJumpByEntity::Clone() const
+    return ptr;
-{
-    return DoClone(ActionJumpByEntity::Create(GetDuration(), displacement_, height_, jump_count_));
-}
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionJumpByEntity::Reverse() const
-{
-    return DoClone(ActionJumpByEntity::Create(GetDuration(), -displacement_, height_, jump_count_));
 }
 
 void ActionJumpByEntity::Init(Actor* target)
@@ -266,24 +251,17 @@ void ActionJumpByEntity::UpdateTween(Actor* target, float percent)
     prev_pos_ = new_pos;
 }
 
-ActionJumpToEntityPtr ActionJumpToEntity::Create(Duration duration, const Point& distination, float height, int count)
+ActionJumpToEntity::ActionJumpToEntity(Duration duration, const Point& distination, float height, int count)
+    : ActionJumpByEntity(duration, Vec2(), height, count)
+    , distination_(distination)
 {
-    ActionJumpToEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionJumpToEntity;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetJumpHeight(height);
-        ptr->SetJumpCount(count);
-        ptr->SetDistination(distination);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionJumpToEntity::ActionJumpToEntity() {}
+ActionJumpToEntity* ActionJumpToEntity::Clone() const
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionJumpToEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionJumpToEntity::Create(GetDuration(), distination_, height_, jump_count_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionJumpToEntity(GetDuration(), distination_, height_, jump_count_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 void ActionJumpToEntity::Init(Actor* target)
@@ -296,21 +274,10 @@ void ActionJumpToEntity::Init(Actor* target)
 // Scale Action
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-ActionScaleByEntityPtr ActionScaleByEntity::Create(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y)
+ActionScaleByEntity::ActionScaleByEntity(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y)
-{
+    : ActionTweenEntity(duration)
-    ActionScaleByEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionScaleByEntity;
+    , delta_x_(scale_x)
-    if (ptr)
+    , delta_y_(scale_y)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetScaleX(scale_x);
-        ptr->SetScaleY(scale_y);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-ActionScaleByEntity::ActionScaleByEntity()
-    : delta_x_(0.0f)
-    , delta_y_(0.0f)
     , start_scale_x_(0.f)
     , start_scale_y_(0.f)
 {
@@ -330,37 +297,32 @@ void ActionScaleByEntity::UpdateTween(Actor* target, float percent)
     target->SetScale(Vec2{ start_scale_x_ + delta_x_ * percent, start_scale_y_ + delta_y_ * percent });
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionScaleByEntity::Clone() const
+ActionScaleByEntity* ActionScaleByEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionScaleByEntity::Create(GetDuration(), delta_x_, delta_y_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionScaleByEntity(GetDuration(), delta_x_, delta_y_);
-}
+    DoClone(ptr);
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionScaleByEntity::Reverse() const
-{
-    return DoClone(ActionScaleByEntity::Create(GetDuration(), -delta_x_, -delta_y_));
-}
-
-ActionScaleToEntityPtr ActionScaleToEntity::Create(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y)
-{
-    ActionScaleToEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionScaleToEntity;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetTargetScaleX(scale_x);
-        ptr->SetTargetScaleY(scale_y);
-    }
     return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionScaleToEntity::ActionScaleToEntity()
+ActionScaleByEntity* ActionScaleByEntity::Reverse() const
-    : end_scale_x_(0.0f)
+{
-    , end_scale_y_(0.0f)
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionScaleByEntity(GetDuration(), -delta_x_, -delta_y_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+ActionScaleToEntity::ActionScaleToEntity(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y)
+    : ActionScaleByEntity(duration, 0, 0)
+    , end_scale_x_(scale_x)
+    , end_scale_y_(scale_y)
 {
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionScaleToEntity::Clone() const
+ActionScaleToEntity* ActionScaleToEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionScaleToEntity::Create(GetDuration(), end_scale_x_, end_scale_y_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionScaleToEntity(GetDuration(), end_scale_x_, end_scale_y_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 void ActionScaleToEntity::Init(Actor* target)
@@ -374,21 +336,11 @@ void ActionScaleToEntity::Init(Actor* target)
 // Opacity Action
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-ActionFadeToEntityPtr ActionFadeToEntity::Create(Duration duration, float opacity)
+ActionFadeToEntity::ActionFadeToEntity(Duration duration, float opacity)
-{
+    : ActionTweenEntity(duration)
-    ActionFadeToEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionFadeToEntity;
+    , delta_val_(0.0f)
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetTargetOpacity(opacity);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-ActionFadeToEntity::ActionFadeToEntity()
-    : delta_val_(0.0f)
     , start_val_(0.f)
-    , end_val_(0.0f)
+    , end_val_(opacity)
 {
 }
 
@@ -406,29 +358,21 @@ void ActionFadeToEntity::UpdateTween(Actor* target, float percent)
     target->SetOpacity(start_val_ + delta_val_ * percent);
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionFadeToEntity::Clone() const
+ActionFadeToEntity* ActionFadeToEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionFadeToEntity::Create(GetDuration(), end_val_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionFadeToEntity(GetDuration(), end_val_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 // Rotate Action
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-ActionRotateByEntityPtr ActionRotateByEntity::Create(Duration duration, float rotation)
+ActionRotateByEntity::ActionRotateByEntity(Duration duration, float rotation)
-{
+    : ActionTweenEntity(duration)
-    ActionRotateByEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionRotateByEntity;
+    , delta_val_(rotation)
-    if (ptr)
+    , start_val_(0.0f)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetRotation(rotation);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-ActionRotateByEntity::ActionRotateByEntity()
-    : start_val_(0.0f)
-    , delta_val_(0.0f)
 {
 }
 
@@ -449,35 +393,31 @@ void ActionRotateByEntity::UpdateTween(Actor* target, float percent)
     target->SetRotation(rotation);
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionRotateByEntity::Clone() const
+ActionRotateByEntity* ActionRotateByEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionRotateByEntity::Create(GetDuration(), delta_val_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionRotateByEntity(GetDuration(), delta_val_);
-}
+    DoClone(ptr);
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionRotateByEntity::Reverse() const
-{
-    return DoClone(ActionRotateByEntity::Create(GetDuration(), -delta_val_));
-}
-
-ActionRotateToEntityPtr ActionRotateToEntity::Create(Duration duration, float rotation)
-{
-    ActionRotateToEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionRotateToEntity;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetTargetRotation(rotation);
-    }
     return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionRotateToEntity::ActionRotateToEntity()
+ActionRotateByEntity* ActionRotateByEntity::Reverse() const
-    : end_val_(0.0f)
+{
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionRotateByEntity(GetDuration(), -delta_val_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+ActionRotateToEntity::ActionRotateToEntity(Duration duration, float rotation)
+    : ActionRotateByEntity(duration, 0)
+    , end_val_(rotation)
 {
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr ActionRotateToEntity::Clone() const
+ActionRotateToEntity* ActionRotateToEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionRotateToEntity::Create(GetDuration(), end_val_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionRotateToEntity(GetDuration(), end_val_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 void ActionRotateToEntity::Init(Actor* target)
@@ -490,22 +430,17 @@ void ActionRotateToEntity::Init(Actor* target)
 // ActionCustomEntity
 //-------------------------------------------------------
 
-ActionCustomEntityPtr ActionCustomEntity::Create(Duration duration, ActionCustom::TweenFunc tween_func)
+ActionCustomEntity::ActionCustomEntity(Duration duration, ActionCustom::TweenFunc tween_func)
+    : ActionTweenEntity(duration)
+    , tween_func_(tween_func)
 {
-    ActionCustomEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionCustomEntity;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
-        ptr->SetTweenFunc(tween_func);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionCustomEntity::ActionCustomEntity() {}
+ActionCustomEntity* ActionCustomEntity::Clone() const
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionCustomEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    return DoClone(ActionCustomEntity::Create(GetDuration(), tween_func_));
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionCustomEntity(GetDuration(), tween_func_);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 void ActionCustomEntity::Init(Actor* target)
@@ -522,72 +457,72 @@ void ActionCustomEntity::UpdateTween(Actor* target, float percent)
 
 ActionMoveBy::ActionMoveBy(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionMoveByEntity::Create(duration, displacement));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionMoveByEntity>(duration, displacement));
 }
 
 ActionMoveTo::ActionMoveTo(Duration duration, const Point& distination)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionMoveToEntity::Create(duration, distination));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionMoveToEntity>(duration, distination));
 }
 
 ActionJumpBy::ActionJumpBy(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement, float height, int count)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionJumpByEntity::Create(duration, displacement, height, count));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionJumpByEntity>(duration, displacement, height, count));
 }
 
 ActionJumpTo::ActionJumpTo(Duration duration, const Point& distination, float height, int count)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionJumpToEntity::Create(duration, distination, height, count));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionJumpToEntity>(duration, distination, height, count));
 }
 
 ActionScaleBy::ActionScaleBy(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionScaleByEntity::Create(duration, scale_x, scale_y));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionScaleByEntity>(duration, scale_x, scale_y));
 }
 
 ActionScaleBy::ActionScaleBy(Duration duration, Vec2 scale)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionScaleByEntity::Create(duration, scale.x, scale.y));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionScaleByEntity>(duration, scale.x, scale.y));
 }
 
 ActionScaleTo::ActionScaleTo(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionScaleToEntity::Create(duration, scale_x, scale_y));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionScaleToEntity>(duration, scale_x, scale_y));
 }
 
 ActionScaleTo::ActionScaleTo(Duration duration, Vec2 scale)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionScaleToEntity::Create(duration, scale.x, scale.y));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionScaleToEntity>(duration, scale.x, scale.y));
 }
 
 ActionFadeTo::ActionFadeTo(Duration duration, float opacity)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionFadeToEntity::Create(duration, opacity));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionFadeToEntity>(duration, opacity));
 }
 
 ActionFadeIn::ActionFadeIn(Duration duration)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionFadeToEntity::Create(duration, 1.0f));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionFadeToEntity>(duration, 1.0f));
 }
 
 ActionFadeOut::ActionFadeOut(Duration duration)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionFadeToEntity::Create(duration, 0.0f));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionFadeToEntity>(duration, 0.0f));
 }
 
 ActionRotateBy::ActionRotateBy(Duration duration, float rotation)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionRotateByEntity::Create(duration, rotation));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionRotateByEntity>(duration, rotation));
 }
 
 ActionRotateTo::ActionRotateTo(Duration duration, float rotation)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionRotateToEntity::Create(duration, rotation));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionRotateToEntity>(duration, rotation));
 }
 
 ActionCustom::ActionCustom(Duration duration, TweenFunc tween_func)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionCustomEntity::Create(duration, tween_func));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionCustomEntity>(duration, tween_func));
 }
 
 }  // namespace kiwano

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionTween.h

@@ -88,14 +88,6 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(ActionCustomEntity);
 class KGE_API ActionTweenEntity : public ActionEntity
 {
 public:
-    ActionTweenEntity();
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 补间动画
-    /// @param duration 动画时长
-    /// @param func 动画速度缓动函数
-    ActionTweenEntity(Duration duration, EaseFunc ease);
-
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取动画时长
     Duration GetDuration() const;
@@ -113,11 +105,19 @@ public:
     void SetEaseFunc(const EaseFunc& func);
 
 protected:
+    ActionTweenEntity();
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 补间动画
+    /// @param duration 动画时长
+    /// @param func 动画速度缓动函数
+    ActionTweenEntity(Duration duration);
+
     void Update(Actor* target, Duration dt) override;
 
     virtual void UpdateTween(Actor* target, float percent) = 0;
 
-    ActionEntityPtr DoClone(ActionTweenEntityPtr to) const;
+    void DoClone(ActionTweenEntity* to) const;
 
 private:
     Duration dur_;
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ public:
     ActionTween() = default;
 
     inline ActionTween(ActionTweenEntityPtr ptr)
-        : Action(ptr.Get())
     {
+        SetEntity(ptr);
     }
 
     /// \~chinese
@@ -150,14 +150,14 @@ public:
     /// @brief 获取指针
     inline ActionTweenEntity* Get() const
     {
-        return const_cast<ActionTweenEntity*>(static_cast<const ActionTweenEntity*>(ptr.Get()));
+        return static_cast<ActionTweenEntity*>(Action::Get());
     }
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置动画实体
     inline void SetEntity(ActionTweenEntityPtr tween_ptr)
     {
-        this->ptr = static_cast<ActionEntity*>(tween_ptr.Get());
+        Action::SetEntity(tween_ptr.Get());
     }
 
     inline ActionTweenEntity* operator->() const
@@ -187,9 +187,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief 创建相对位移动画
     /// @param duration 动画时长
     /// @param displacement 位移向量
-    static ActionMoveByEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement);
+    ActionMoveByEntity(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement);
-
-    ActionMoveByEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取位移向量
@@ -201,11 +199,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionMoveByEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override;
+    ActionMoveByEntity* Reverse() const override;
 
 protected:
     void Init(Actor* target) override;
@@ -239,9 +237,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief 创建位移动画
     /// @param duration 动画时长
     /// @param distination 目的坐标
-    static ActionMoveToEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, const Point& distination);
+    ActionMoveToEntity(Duration duration, const Point& distination);
-
-    ActionMoveToEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取目的坐标
@@ -253,11 +249,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionMoveToEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    virtual ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override
+    ActionMoveToEntity* Reverse() const override
     {
         KGE_ERRORF("Reverse() not supported in ActionMoveToEntity");
         return nullptr;
@@ -295,9 +291,7 @@ public:
     /// @param displacement 跳跃位移向量
     /// @param height 跳跃高度
     /// @param count 跳跃次数
-    static ActionJumpByEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement, float height, int count = 1);
+    ActionJumpByEntity(Duration duration, const Vec2& displacement, float height, int count = 1);
-
-    ActionJumpByEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取跳跃位移
@@ -325,11 +319,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionJumpByEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override;
+    ActionJumpByEntity* Reverse() const override;
 
 protected:
     void Init(Actor* target) override;
@@ -369,9 +363,7 @@ public:
     /// @param distination 目的坐标
     /// @param height 跳跃高度
     /// @param count 跳跃次数
-    static ActionJumpToEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, const Point& distination, float height, int count = 1);
+    ActionJumpToEntity(Duration duration, const Point& distination, float height, int count = 1);
-
-    ActionJumpToEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取目的坐标
@@ -383,11 +375,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionJumpToEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    virtual ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override
+    ActionJumpToEntity* Reverse() const override
     {
         KGE_ERRORF("Reverse() not supported in ActionJumpToEntity");
         return nullptr;
@@ -429,9 +421,7 @@ public:
     /// @param duration 动画时长
     /// @param scale_x 横向缩放相对变化值
     /// @param scale_y 纵向缩放相对变化值
-    static ActionScaleByEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y);
+    ActionScaleByEntity(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y);
-
-    ActionScaleByEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取横向缩放相对变化值
@@ -451,11 +441,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionScaleByEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override;
+    ActionScaleByEntity* Reverse() const override;
 
 protected:
     void Init(Actor* target) override;
@@ -498,9 +488,7 @@ public:
     /// @param duration 动画时长
     /// @param scale_x 横向缩放目标值
     /// @param scale_y 纵向缩放目标值
-    static ActionScaleToEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y);
+    ActionScaleToEntity(Duration duration, float scale_x, float scale_y);
-
-    ActionScaleToEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取横向缩放目标值
@@ -520,11 +508,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionScaleToEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    virtual ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override
+    ActionScaleToEntity* Reverse() const override
     {
         KGE_ERRORF("Reverse() not supported in ActionScaleToEntity");
         return nullptr;
@@ -581,9 +569,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief 创建透明度渐变动画
     /// @param duration 动画时长
     /// @param opacity 目标透明度
-    static ActionFadeToEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, float opacity);
+    ActionFadeToEntity(Duration duration, float opacity);
-
-    ActionFadeToEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取目标透明度
@@ -595,11 +581,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionFadeToEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    virtual ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override
+    ActionFadeToEntity* Reverse() const override
     {
         KGE_ERRORF("Reverse() not supported in ActionFadeToEntity");
         return nullptr;
@@ -637,9 +623,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief 创建相对旋转动画
     /// @param duration 动画时长
     /// @param rotation 角度相对变化值
-    static ActionRotateByEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, float rotation);
+    ActionRotateByEntity(Duration duration, float rotation);
-
-    ActionRotateByEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取角度相对变化值
@@ -651,11 +635,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionRotateByEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override;
+    ActionRotateByEntity* Reverse() const override;
 
 protected:
     void Init(Actor* target) override;
@@ -688,9 +672,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief 创建旋转动画
     /// @param duration 动画时长
     /// @param rotation 目标角度
-    static ActionRotateToEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, float rotation);
+    ActionRotateToEntity(Duration duration, float rotation);
-
-    ActionRotateToEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取目标角度
@@ -702,11 +684,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionRotateToEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    virtual ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override
+    ActionRotateToEntity* Reverse() const override
     {
         KGE_ERRORF("Reverse() not supported in ActionRotateToEntity");
         return nullptr;
@@ -745,9 +727,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief 创建自定义动画
     /// @param duration 动画时长
     /// @param tween_func 动画回调函数
-    static ActionCustomEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, ActionCustom::TweenFunc tween_func);
+    ActionCustomEntity(Duration duration, ActionCustom::TweenFunc tween_func);
-
-    ActionCustomEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取动画回调函数
@@ -759,11 +739,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionCustomEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override
+    ActionCustomEntity* Reverse() const override
     {
         KGE_ERRORF("Reverse() not supported in ActionCustomEntity");
         return nullptr;

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionWalk.cpp

@@ -26,39 +26,31 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 ActionWalk::ActionWalk(Duration duration, ShapePtr path, bool rotating, float start, float end)
 {
-    SetEntity(ActionWalkEntity::Create(duration, path, rotating, start, end));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<ActionWalkEntity>(duration, path, rotating, start, end));
 }
 
-ActionWalkEntityPtr ActionWalkEntity::Create(Duration duration, ShapePtr path, bool rotating, float start, float end)
+ActionWalkEntity::ActionWalkEntity(Duration duration, ShapePtr path, bool rotating, float start, float end)
+    : ActionTweenEntity(duration)
+    , start_(start)
+    , end_(end)
+    , rotating_(rotating)
+    , length_(0.f)
+    , path_(path)
 {
-    ActionWalkEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) ActionWalkEntity;
+}
-    if (ptr)
+
-    {
+ActionWalkEntity* ActionWalkEntity::Clone() const
-        ptr->SetDuration(duration);
+{
-        ptr->SetPath(path);
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionWalkEntity(GetDuration(), path_, rotating_, start_, end_);
-        ptr->SetRotating(rotating);
+    DoClone(ptr);
-        ptr->SetStartValue(start);
-        ptr->SetEndValue(end);
-    }
     return ptr;
 }
 
-ActionWalkEntity::ActionWalkEntity()
+ActionWalkEntity* ActionWalkEntity::Reverse() const
-    : start_(0.0f)
-    , end_(1.0f)
-    , rotating_(false)
-    , length_(0.f)
 {
-}
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) ActionWalkEntity(GetDuration(), path_, rotating_, end_, start_);
-
+    DoClone(ptr);
-ActionEntityPtr ActionWalkEntity::Clone() const
+    return ptr;
-{
-    return DoClone(ActionWalkEntity::Create(GetDuration(), path_, rotating_, start_, end_));
-}
-
-ActionEntityPtr ActionWalkEntity::Reverse() const
-{
-    return DoClone(ActionWalkEntity::Create(GetDuration(), path_, rotating_, end_, start_));
 }
 
 void ActionWalkEntity::Init(Actor* target)

src/kiwano/2d/action/ActionWalk.h

@@ -59,10 +59,7 @@ public:
     /// @param rotating 是否沿路径切线方向旋转
     /// @param start 路径起点（百分比）
     /// @param end 路径终点（百分比）
-    static ActionWalkEntityPtr Create(Duration duration, ShapePtr path, bool rotating = false, float start = 0.f,
+    ActionWalkEntity(Duration duration, ShapePtr path, bool rotating = false, float start = 0.f, float end = 1.f);
-                                      float end = 1.f);
-
-    ActionWalkEntity();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取路线
@@ -98,11 +95,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    ActionWalkEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override;
+    ActionWalkEntity* Reverse() const override;
 
 protected:
     void Init(Actor* target) override;

src/kiwano/2d/action/Animation.cpp

@@ -27,18 +27,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 Animation::Animation(Duration dur, FrameSequencePtr frame_seq)
 {
-    SetEntity(AnimationEntity::Create(dur, frame_seq));
+    SetEntity(MakePtr<AnimationEntity>(dur, frame_seq));
-}
-
-AnimationEntityPtr AnimationEntity::Create(Duration dur, FrameSequencePtr frame_seq)
-{
-    AnimationEntityPtr ptr = new (autogc) AnimationEntity;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetDuration(dur);
-        ptr->SetFrameSequence(frame_seq);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 AnimationEntity::AnimationEntity()
@@ -46,6 +35,12 @@ AnimationEntity::AnimationEntity()
 {
 }
 
+AnimationEntity::AnimationEntity(Duration dur, FrameSequencePtr frame_seq)
+    : ActionTweenEntity(dur)
+    , frame_seq_(frame_seq)
+{
+}
+
 AnimationEntity::~AnimationEntity() {}
 
 FrameSequencePtr AnimationEntity::GetFrameSequence() const
@@ -90,26 +85,24 @@ void AnimationEntity::UpdateTween(Actor* target, float percent)
     }
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr AnimationEntity::Clone() const
+AnimationEntity* AnimationEntity::Clone() const
 {
-    if (frame_seq_)
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) AnimationEntity(GetDuration(), frame_seq_);
-    {
+    DoClone(ptr);
-        return DoClone(AnimationEntity::Create(GetDuration(), frame_seq_));
+    return ptr;
-    }
-    return nullptr;
 }
 
-ActionEntityPtr AnimationEntity::Reverse() const
+AnimationEntity* AnimationEntity::Reverse() const
 {
+    auto ptr = new (autogc) AnimationEntity(GetDuration(), nullptr);
+    DoClone(ptr);
+
     if (frame_seq_)
     {
         FrameSequencePtr frames = frame_seq_->Reverse();
-        if (frames)
+        ptr->SetFrameSequence(frames);
-        {
-            return DoClone(AnimationEntity::Create(GetDuration(), frames));
-        }
     }
-    return nullptr;
+    return ptr;
 }
 
 }  // namespace kiwano

src/kiwano/2d/action/Animation.h

@@ -49,13 +49,13 @@ public:
 class KGE_API AnimationEntity : public ActionTweenEntity
 {
 public:
+    AnimationEntity();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建帧动画
     /// @param dur 动画时长
     /// @param frame_seq 序列帧
-    static AnimationEntityPtr Create(Duration dur, FrameSequencePtr frame_seq);
+    AnimationEntity(Duration dur, FrameSequencePtr frame_seq);
-
-    AnimationEntity();
 
     virtual ~AnimationEntity();
 
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的拷贝对象
-    ActionEntityPtr Clone() const override;
+    AnimationEntity* Clone() const override;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取该动画的倒转
-    ActionEntityPtr Reverse() const override;
+    AnimationEntity* Reverse() const override;
 
 protected:
     void Init(Actor* target) override;
@@ -86,4 +86,5 @@ private:
 };
 
 /** @} */
+
 }  // namespace kiwano

src/kiwano/base/Director.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
+
 Director::Director()
     : render_border_enabled_(false)
 {
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ void Director::EnterStage(StagePtr stage, TransitionPtr transition)
             transition_->Stop();
         }
         transition_ = transition;
-        transition_->Init(current_stage_, next_stage_);
+        transition_->Init(current_stage_.Get(), next_stage_.Get());
     }
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ void Director::PopStage(TransitionPtr transition)
             transition_->Stop();
         }
         transition_ = transition;
-        transition_->Init(current_stage_, next_stage_);
+        transition_->Init(current_stage_.Get(), next_stage_.Get());
     }
 }
 
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ void Director::ShowDebugInfo(bool show)
     if (show)
     {
         if (!debug_actor_)
-            debug_actor_ = new (autogc) DebugActor;
+            debug_actor_ = MakePtr<DebugActor>();
     }
     else
     {

src/kiwano/base/ObjectBase.h

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 #include <kiwano/macros.h>
 #include <kiwano/core/Common.h>
 #include <kiwano/core/Serializable.h>
-#include <kiwano/core/RefPtr.hpp>
 #include <kiwano/base/RefObject.h>
+#include <kiwano/base/RefPtr.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {

src/kiwano/base/ObjectPool.cpp

@@ -27,11 +27,6 @@ ObjectPool::ObjectPool()
 {
 }
 
-ObjectPool::~ObjectPool()
-{
-    Clear();
-}
-
 void ObjectPool::AddObject(RefObject* obj)
 {
     if (obj)

src/kiwano/base/ObjectPool.h

@@ -37,8 +37,6 @@ class KGE_API ObjectPool : public Singleton<ObjectPool>
 public:
     ObjectPool();
 
-    virtual ~ObjectPool();
-
     /**
      * \~chinese
      * @brief 添加对象到内存池

src/kiwano/base/RefPtr.h

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Kiwano - Nomango
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#pragma once
+#include <kiwano/base/RefObject.h>
+#include <kiwano/core/RefBasePtr.hpp>
+
+namespace kiwano
+{
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 默认的智能指针引用计数代理
+struct DefaultRefPtrRefProxy
+{
+    static inline void Retain(RefObject* ptr)
+    {
+        if (ptr)
+            ptr->Retain();
+    }
+
+    static inline void Release(RefObject* ptr)
+    {
+        if (ptr)
+            ptr->Release();
+    }
+};
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 引用计数对象智能指针
+template <typename _Ty>
+using RefPtr = RefBasePtr<_Ty, DefaultRefPtrRefProxy>;
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 构造引用计数对象智能指针
+template <typename _Ty, typename... _Args>
+inline RefPtr<_Ty> MakePtr(_Args&&... args)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<RefObject, _Ty>::value, "_Ty must be derived from RefObject");
+
+    RefPtr<_Ty> ptr;
+
+    _Ty** pptr = ptr.GetAddressOfAndRelease();
+    (*pptr)    = new _Ty(std::forward<_Args>(args)...);
+    return ptr;
+}
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 构造引用计数对象智能指针
+template <typename _Ty>
+inline RefPtr<_Ty> MakePtr(_Ty* ptr)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<RefObject, _Ty>::value, "_Ty must be derived from RefObject");
+    return RefPtr<_Ty>(ptr);
+}
+
+}  // namespace kiwano
+
+#ifndef KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR
+#define KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(CLASS) \
+    class CLASS;                     \
+    typedef ::kiwano::RefPtr<CLASS> CLASS##Ptr;
+#endif

src/kiwano/base/component/Button.cpp

@@ -25,23 +25,19 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-ButtonPtr Button::Create(const Callback& click)
+Button::Button(const Callback& click)
+    : Button(click, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr)
 {
-    return Button::Create(click, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
 }
 
-ButtonPtr Button::Create(const Callback& click, const Callback& pressed, const Callback& mouse_over,
+Button::Button(const Callback& click, const Callback& pressed, const Callback& mouse_over, const Callback& mouse_out)
-                         const Callback& mouse_out)
+    : status_(Status::Normal)
+    , click_callback_(click)
+    , pressed_callback_(pressed)
+    , mouse_over_callback_(mouse_over)
+    , mouse_out_callback_(mouse_out)
 {
-    ButtonPtr ptr = new (autogc) Button;
+    SetName("__KGE_BUTTON__");
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetClickCallback(click);
-        ptr->SetPressedCallback(pressed);
-        ptr->SetMouseOverCallback(mouse_over);
-        ptr->SetMouseOutCallback(mouse_out);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 Button::Button()

src/kiwano/base/component/Button.h

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建按钮
     /// @param click 按钮点击回调函数
-    static ButtonPtr Create(const Callback& click);
+    Button(const Callback& click);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建按钮
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ public:
     /// @param pressed 按钮按下回调函数
     /// @param mouse_over 按钮移入回调函数
     /// @param mouse_out 按钮移出回调函数
-    static ButtonPtr Create(const Callback& click, const Callback& pressed, const Callback& mouse_over,
+    Button(const Callback& click, const Callback& pressed, const Callback& mouse_over, const Callback& mouse_out);
-                            const Callback& mouse_out);
 
     Button();
 

src/kiwano/core/Cloneable.h

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include <kiwano/core/RefPtr.hpp>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ template <typename _Ty>
 class Cloneable
 {
 public:
-    virtual RefPtr<_Ty> Clone() const = 0;
+    virtual _Ty* Clone() const = 0;
 
 protected:
     Cloneable() = default;

src/kiwano/core/RefBasePtr.hpp

@@ -22,36 +22,16 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <kiwano/core/Common.h>
-#include <kiwano/base/RefObject.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-/**
- * \~chinese
- * @brief 默认的智能指针引用计数代理
- */
-struct DefaultRefPtrRefProxy
-{
-    static inline void Retain(RefObject* ptr)
-    {
-        if (ptr)
-            ptr->Retain();
-    }
-
-    static inline void Release(RefObject* ptr)
-    {
-        if (ptr)
-            ptr->Release();
-    }
-};
-
 /**
  * \~chinese
  * @brief ÒýÓüÆÊýÖÇÄÜÖ¸Õë
  */
-template <typename _Ty, typename _ProxyTy = DefaultRefPtrRefProxy>
+template <typename _Ty, typename _ProxyTy>
-class RefPtr
+class RefBasePtr
 {
 public:
     using value_type           = _Ty;
@@ -60,41 +40,41 @@ public:
     using reference_type       = _Ty&;
     using const_reference_type = const _Ty&;
 
-    RefPtr() noexcept
+    RefBasePtr() noexcept
         : ptr_(nullptr)
     {
     }
 
-    RefPtr(std::nullptr_t) noexcept
+    RefBasePtr(std::nullptr_t) noexcept
         : ptr_(nullptr)
     {
     }
 
-    RefPtr(pointer_type p)
+    RefBasePtr(pointer_type p)
         : ptr_(p)
     {
         _ProxyTy::Retain(ptr_);
     }
 
-    RefPtr(const RefPtr& other)
+    RefBasePtr(const RefBasePtr& other)
         : ptr_(other.ptr_)
     {
         _ProxyTy::Retain(ptr_);
     }
 
-    RefPtr(RefPtr&& other) noexcept
+    RefBasePtr(RefBasePtr&& other) noexcept
         : ptr_(nullptr)
     {
         Swap(other);
     }
 
-    ~RefPtr()
+    ~RefBasePtr()
     {
         Tidy();
     }
 
     template <typename _UTy, typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<_UTy*, _Ty*>::value, int>::type = 0>
-    RefPtr(const RefPtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& other)
+    RefBasePtr(const RefBasePtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& other)
     {
         ptr_ = dynamic_cast<pointer_type>(other.Get());
         _ProxyTy::Retain(ptr_);
@@ -114,12 +94,12 @@ public:
     inline void Reset(pointer_type ptr = nullptr)
     {
         if (ptr)
-            RefPtr(ptr).Swap(*this);
+            RefBasePtr(ptr).Swap(*this);
         else
             Tidy();
     }
 
-    inline void Swap(RefPtr& other) noexcept
+    inline void Swap(RefBasePtr& other) noexcept
     {
         std::swap(ptr_, other.ptr_);
     }
@@ -163,36 +143,36 @@ public:
         return ptr_ == 0;
     }
 
-    inline RefPtr& operator=(const RefPtr& other)
+    inline RefBasePtr& operator=(const RefBasePtr& other)
     {
         if (other.ptr_ != ptr_)
-            RefPtr(other).Swap(*this);
+            RefBasePtr(other).Swap(*this);
         return (*this);
     }
 
-    inline RefPtr& operator=(RefPtr&& other) noexcept
+    inline RefBasePtr& operator=(RefBasePtr&& other) noexcept
     {
         if (other.ptr_ != ptr_)
             other.Swap(*this);
         return (*this);
     }
 
-    inline RefPtr& operator=(pointer_type p)
+    inline RefBasePtr& operator=(pointer_type p)
     {
         if (p != ptr_)
-            RefPtr(p).Swap(*this);
+            RefBasePtr(p).Swap(*this);
         return (*this);
     }
 
     template <typename _UTy, typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<_UTy*, _Ty*>::value, int>::type = 0>
-    inline RefPtr& operator=(const RefPtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& other)
+    inline RefBasePtr& operator=(const RefBasePtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& other)
     {
         if (other.Get() != ptr_)
-            RefPtr(dynamic_cast<pointer_type>(other.Get())).Swap(*this);
+            RefBasePtr(dynamic_cast<pointer_type>(other.Get())).Swap(*this);
         return (*this);
     }
 
-    inline RefPtr& operator=(std::nullptr_t)
+    inline RefBasePtr& operator=(std::nullptr_t)
     {
         Tidy();
         return *this;
@@ -210,67 +190,67 @@ private:
 };
 
 template <class _Ty, class _UTy, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator==(const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, const RefPtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator==(const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, const RefBasePtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
 {
     return lhs.Get() == rhs.Get();
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator==(const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, _Ty* rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator==(const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, _Ty* rhs) noexcept
 {
     return lhs.Get() == rhs;
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator==(_Ty* lhs, const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator==(_Ty* lhs, const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
 {
     return lhs == rhs.Get();
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator==(const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
+inline bool operator==(const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
 {
     return !static_cast<bool>(lhs);
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator==(std::nullptr_t, const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator==(std::nullptr_t, const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
 {
     return !static_cast<bool>(rhs);
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _UTy, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator!=(const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, const RefPtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator!=(const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, const RefBasePtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
 {
     return !(lhs == rhs);
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator!=(const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, _Ty* rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator!=(const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, _Ty* rhs) noexcept
 {
     return lhs.Get() != rhs;
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator!=(_Ty* lhs, const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator!=(_Ty* lhs, const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
 {
     return lhs != rhs.Get();
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator!=(const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
+inline bool operator!=(const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, std::nullptr_t) noexcept
 {
     return static_cast<bool>(lhs);
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t, const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t, const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
 {
     return static_cast<bool>(rhs);
 }
 
 template <class _Ty, class _UTy, class _ProxyTy>
-inline bool operator<(const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, const RefPtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
+inline bool operator<(const RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, const RefBasePtr<_UTy, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
 {
     return lhs.Get() < rhs.Get();
 }
@@ -278,27 +258,9 @@ inline bool operator<(const RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, const RefPtr<_UTy, _Prox
 // template class cannot specialize std::swap,
 // so implement a swap function in kiwano namespace
 template <class _Ty, class _ProxyTy>
-inline void swap(RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, RefPtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
+inline void swap(RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& lhs, RefBasePtr<_Ty, _ProxyTy>& rhs) noexcept
 {
     lhs.Swap(rhs);
 }
 
-template <typename _Ty, typename... _Args>
-inline RefPtr<_Ty> MakePtr(_Args&&... args)
-{
-    static_assert(std::is_base_of<RefObject, _Ty>::value, "_Ty must be derived from RefObject");
-
-    RefPtr<_Ty> ptr;
-
-    _Ty** pptr = ptr.GetAddressOfAndRelease();
-    (*pptr)    = new _Ty(std::forward<_Args>(args)...);
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 }  // namespace kiwano
-
-#ifndef KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR
-#define KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(CLASS) \
-    class CLASS;                     \
-    typedef ::kiwano::RefPtr<CLASS> CLASS##Ptr;
-#endif

src/kiwano/event/Event.h

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include <kiwano/core/RefPtr.hpp>
+#include <kiwano/base/RefObject.h>
+#include <kiwano/base/RefPtr.h>
 #include <kiwano/event/EventType.h>
 #include <kiwano/math/Math.h>
 
@@ -74,13 +75,6 @@ private:
     const EventType type_;
 };
 
-/// \~chinese
-/// @brief 事件特性：判断是否是事件
-template <typename _Ty>
-struct IsBaseOfEvent : public std::bool_constant<std::is_base_of<Event, _Ty>::value || std::is_same<Event, _Ty>::value>
-{
-};
-
 /// \~chinese
 /// @brief 事件特性：判断事件类型是否相同
 template <typename _Ty>
@@ -88,7 +82,7 @@ struct IsSameEventType
 {
     inline bool operator()(const Event* evt) const
     {
-        static_assert(kiwano::IsBaseOfEvent<_Ty>::value, "_Ty is not an event type.");
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of<Event, _Ty>::value, "_Ty is not an event type.");
         return evt->GetType() == KGE_EVENT(_Ty);
     }
 };
@@ -103,7 +97,7 @@ inline const EventType& Event::GetType() const
 template <typename _Ty>
 inline bool Event::IsType() const
 {
-    static_assert(kiwano::IsBaseOfEvent<_Ty>::value, "_Ty is not an event type.");
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of<Event, _Ty>::value, "_Ty is not an event type.");
     return IsSameEventType<_Ty>()(this);
 }
 

src/kiwano/event/EventDispatcher.cpp

@@ -58,14 +58,14 @@ EventListener* EventDispatcher::AddListener(EventListenerPtr listener)
 
 EventListener* EventDispatcher::AddListener(const String& name, EventType type, EventListener::Callback callback)
 {
-    EventListenerPtr listener = EventListener::Create(name, type, callback);
+    auto lis = MakePtr<EventListener>(name, type, callback);
-    return AddListener(listener);
+    return AddListener(lis);
 }
 
 EventListener* EventDispatcher::AddListener(EventType type, EventListener::Callback callback)
 {
-    EventListenerPtr listener = EventListener::Create(type, callback);
+    auto lis = MakePtr<EventListener>(type, callback);
-    return AddListener(listener);
+    return AddListener(lis);
 }
 
 void EventDispatcher::StartListeners(const String& name)

src/kiwano/event/EventDispatcher.h

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public:
     template <typename _EventTy>
     EventListener* AddListener(EventListener::Callback callback)
     {
-        static_assert(kiwano::IsBaseOfEvent<_EventTy>::value, "_EventTy is not an event type.");
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of<Event, _EventTy>::value, "_EventTy is not an event type.");
         return AddListener(KGE_EVENT(_EventTy), callback);
     }
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ public:
     template <typename _EventTy>
     EventListener* AddListener(const String& name, EventListener::Callback callback)
     {
-        static_assert(kiwano::IsBaseOfEvent<_EventTy>::value, "_EventTy is not an event type.");
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of<Event, _EventTy>::value, "_EventTy is not an event type.");
         return AddListener(name, KGE_EVENT(_EventTy), callback);
     }
 

src/kiwano/event/EventListener.cpp

@@ -24,29 +24,6 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-EventListenerPtr EventListener::Create(EventType type, const Callback& callback)
-{
-    EventListenerPtr ptr = new (autogc) EventListener;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetEventType(type);
-        ptr->SetCallback(callback);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-EventListenerPtr EventListener::Create(const String& name, EventType type, const Callback& callback)
-{
-    EventListenerPtr ptr = new (autogc) EventListener;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetName(name);
-        ptr->SetEventType(type);
-        ptr->SetCallback(callback);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 EventListener::EventListener()
     : type_()
     , callback_()
@@ -56,6 +33,19 @@ EventListener::EventListener()
 {
 }
 
+EventListener::EventListener(EventType type, const Callback& callback)
+    : EventListener()
+{
+    this->SetEventType(type);
+    this->SetCallback(callback);
+}
+
+EventListener::EventListener(const String& name, EventType type, const Callback& callback)
+    : EventListener(type, callback)
+{
+    this->SetName(name);
+}
+
 EventListener::~EventListener() {}
 
 void EventListener::Receive(Event* evt)

src/kiwano/event/EventListener.h

@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <kiwano/core/Common.h>
-#include <kiwano/base/ObjectBase.h>
-#include <kiwano/core/RefPtr.hpp>
 #include <kiwano/core/IntrusiveList.h>
+#include <kiwano/base/ObjectBase.h>
 #include <kiwano/event/Events.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
@@ -47,44 +46,21 @@ public:
     /// @brief 监听器回调函数
     using Callback = Function<void(Event*)>;
 
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 创建监听器
-    /// @param type 监听的事件类型
-    /// @param callback 回调函数
-    static EventListenerPtr Create(EventType type, const Callback& callback);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 创建监听器
-    /// @param name 监听器名称
-    /// @param type 监听的事件类型
-    /// @param callback 回调函数
-    static EventListenerPtr Create(const String& name, EventType type, const Callback& callback);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 创建监听器
-    /// @tparam _EventTy 事件类型
-    /// @param callback 回调函数
-    template <typename _EventTy>
-    static inline EventListenerPtr Create(const Callback& callback)
-    {
-        static_assert(kiwano::IsBaseOfEvent<_EventTy>::value, "_EventTy is not an event type.");
-        return EventListener::Create(KGE_EVENT(_EventTy), callback);
-    }
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 创建监听器
-    /// @tparam _EventTy 事件类型
-    /// @param name 监听器名称
-    /// @param callback 回调函数
-    template <typename _EventTy>
-    static inline EventListenerPtr Create(const String& name, const Callback& callback)
-    {
-        static_assert(kiwano::IsBaseOfEvent<_EventTy>::value, "_EventTy is not an event type.");
-        return EventListener::Create(name, KGE_EVENT(_EventTy), callback);
-    }
-
     EventListener();
 
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 创建监听器
+    /// @param type 监听的事件类型
+    /// @param callback 回调函数
+    EventListener(EventType type, const Callback& callback);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 创建监听器
+    /// @param name 监听器名称
+    /// @param type 监听的事件类型
+    /// @param callback 回调函数
+    EventListener(const String& name, EventType type, const Callback& callback);
+
     virtual ~EventListener();
 
     /// \~chinese
@@ -142,7 +118,7 @@ public:
     template <typename _EventTy>
     inline void SetEventType()
     {
-        static_assert(kiwano::IsBaseOfEvent<_EventTy>::value, "_EventTy is not an event type.");
+        static_assert(std::is_base_of<Event, _EventTy>::value, "_EventTy is not an event type.");
         SetEventType(KGE_EVENT(_EventTy));
     }
 

src/kiwano/kiwano.h

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 #include <kiwano/core/Common.h>
 #include <kiwano/core/Defer.h>
 #include <kiwano/core/Resource.h>
-#include <kiwano/core/RefPtr.hpp>
+#include <kiwano/core/RefBasePtr.hpp>
 #include <kiwano/core/Time.h>
 
 //

src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ void Application::Run(RunnerPtr runner)
     running_   = true;
     is_paused_ = false;
     runner_    = runner;
-    timer_     = Timer::Create();
+    timer_     = MakePtr<Timer>();
 
     // Initialize runner
     runner->InitSettings();

src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp

@@ -28,45 +28,9 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-RunnerPtr Runner::Create(Settings settings)
+Runner::Runner(Settings settings)
+    : settings_(settings)
 {
-    RunnerPtr ptr = new (autogc) Runner;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetSettings(settings);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-RunnerPtr Runner::Create(Settings settings, Function<void()> on_ready, Function<void()> on_destroy)
-{
-    class CallbackRunner : public Runner
-    {
-    public:
-        void OnReady() override
-        {
-            if (on_ready)
-                on_ready();
-        }
-
-        void OnDestroy() override
-        {
-            if (on_destroy)
-                on_destroy();
-        }
-
-        Function<void()> on_ready;
-        Function<void()> on_destroy;
-    };
-
-    RefPtr<CallbackRunner> ptr = new (autogc) CallbackRunner;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->on_ready   = on_ready;
-        ptr->on_destroy = on_destroy;
-        ptr->SetSettings(settings);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 Runner::Runner() {}
@@ -105,7 +69,7 @@ void Runner::InitSettings()
     // Create frame ticker
     if (!settings_.frame_interval.IsZero())
     {
-        frame_ticker_ = Ticker::Create(settings_.frame_interval, -1);
+        frame_ticker_ = MakePtr<Ticker>(settings_.frame_interval, -1);
     }
 }
 

src/kiwano/platform/Runner.h

@@ -62,20 +62,13 @@ struct Settings
 class KGE_API Runner : public ObjectBase
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 创建程序运行器
-    /// @param main_window 主窗口
-    static RunnerPtr Create(Settings settings);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 创建程序运行器
-    /// @param main_window 主窗口
-    /// @param on_ready 应用程序初始化完成后执行的回调函数
-    /// @param on_destroy 应用程序销毁时执行的回调函数
-    static RunnerPtr Create(Settings settings, Function<void()> on_ready, Function<void()> on_destroy = nullptr);
-
     Runner();
 
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 创建程序运行器
+    /// @param main_window 主窗口
+    Runner(Settings settings);
+
     virtual ~Runner();
 
     /// \~chinese

src/kiwano/platform/win32/ComPtr.hpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #pragma once
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <kiwano/core/Common.h>
-#include <kiwano/core/RefPtr.hpp>
+#include <kiwano/core/RefBasePtr.hpp>
 #include <Unknwnbase.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
@@ -43,6 +43,6 @@ struct ComPtrProxy
 
 // ComPtr<> is a smart pointer for COM
 template <typename _Ty, typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_base_of<IUnknown, _Ty>::value, int>::type>
-using ComPtr = RefPtr<_Ty, ComPtrProxy>;
+using ComPtr = RefBasePtr<_Ty, ComPtrProxy>;
 
 }  // namespace kiwano

src/kiwano/platform/win32/WindowImpl.cpp

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ private:
 
 WindowPtr Window::Create(const WindowConfig& config)
 {
-    WindowWin32ImplPtr ptr = new (autogc) WindowWin32Impl;
+    WindowWin32ImplPtr ptr = MakePtr<WindowWin32Impl>();
     if (ptr)
     {
         ptr->Init(config);

src/kiwano/render/Brush.cpp

@@ -59,34 +59,22 @@ RadialGradientStyle::RadialGradientStyle(const Point& center, const Vec2& offset
 {
 }
 
-BrushPtr Brush::Create(const Color& color)
+Brush::Brush(const Color& color)
+    : Brush()
 {
-    BrushPtr ptr = new (autogc) Brush;
+    SetColor(color);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetColor(color);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-BrushPtr Brush::Create(const LinearGradientStyle& style)
+Brush::Brush(const LinearGradientStyle& style)
+    : Brush()
 {
-    BrushPtr ptr = new (autogc) Brush;
+    SetStyle(style);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetStyle(style);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-BrushPtr Brush::Create(const RadialGradientStyle& style)
+Brush::Brush(const RadialGradientStyle& style)
+    : Brush()
 {
-    BrushPtr ptr = new (autogc) Brush;
+    SetStyle(style);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetStyle(style);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 Brush::Brush()

src/kiwano/render/Brush.h

@@ -92,17 +92,17 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建纯色画刷
     /// @param color 画刷颜色
-    static BrushPtr Create(const Color& color);
+    Brush(const Color& color);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建线性渐变样式
     /// @param style 线性渐变样式
-    static BrushPtr Create(const LinearGradientStyle& style);
+    Brush(const LinearGradientStyle& style);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建径向渐变样式
     /// @param style 径向渐变样式
-    static BrushPtr Create(const RadialGradientStyle& style);
+    Brush(const RadialGradientStyle& style);
 
     Brush();
 

src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void RendererImpl::MakeContextForWindow(WindowPtr window)
     // Initialize other device resources
     if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
     {
-        RenderContextImplPtr ctx = new (autogc) RenderContextImpl;
+        RenderContextImplPtr ctx = MakePtr<RenderContextImpl>();
 
         hr = ctx->CreateDeviceResources(d2d_res_->GetFactory(), d2d_res_->GetDeviceContext());
         if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ void RendererImpl::CreateGifImageFrame(GifImage::Frame& frame, const GifImage& g
 
                 if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
                 {
-                    frame.texture = new (autogc) Texture;
+                    frame.texture = MakePtr<Texture>();
                     NativePtr::Set(frame.texture, bitmap);
 
                     frame.texture->SetSize({ bitmap->GetSize().width, bitmap->GetSize().height });
@@ -769,7 +769,7 @@ void RendererImpl::CreateShapeSink(ShapeMaker& maker)
 
         if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
         {
-            ShapePtr shape = new (autogc) Shape;
+            ShapePtr shape = MakePtr<Shape>();
             NativePtr::Set(shape, geometry);
 
             maker.SetShape(shape);
@@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ void RendererImpl::CreateStrokeStyle(StrokeStyle& stroke_style)
 
 RenderContextPtr RendererImpl::CreateTextureRenderContext(Texture& texture, const Size* desired_size)
 {
-    RenderContextImplPtr ptr = new (autogc) RenderContextImpl;
+    RenderContextImplPtr ptr = MakePtr<RenderContextImpl>();
 
     HRESULT hr = S_OK;
     if (!d2d_res_)

src/kiwano/render/Font.cpp

@@ -24,26 +24,14 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-FontPtr Font::Create(const String& file)
+Font::Font(const String& file)
 {
-    FontPtr ptr = new (autogc) Font;
+    Load(file);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(file))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-FontPtr Font::Create(const Resource& resource)
+Font::Font(const Resource& resource)
 {
-    FontPtr ptr = new (autogc) Font;
+    Load(resource);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(resource))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 Font::Font() {}

src/kiwano/render/Font.h

@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ class Font : public NativeObject
 public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ´´½¨×ÖÌå
-    static FontPtr Create(const String& file);
+    Font(const String& file);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ´´½¨×ÖÌå
-    static FontPtr Create(const Resource& resource);
+    Font(const Resource& resource);
 
     Font();
 

src/kiwano/render/Frame.cpp

@@ -24,36 +24,19 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-FramePtr Frame::Create(const String& file_path)
+Frame::Frame(const String& file_path)
 {
-    FramePtr ptr = new (autogc) Frame;
+    Load(file_path);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(file_path))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-FramePtr Frame::Create(const Resource& res)
+Frame::Frame(const Resource& res)
 {
-    FramePtr ptr = new (autogc) Frame;
+    Load(res);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(res))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-FramePtr Frame::Create(TexturePtr texture)
+Frame::Frame(TexturePtr texture)
 {
-    FramePtr ptr = new (autogc) Frame;
+    SetTexture(texture);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetTexture(texture);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 Frame::Frame() {}

src/kiwano/render/Frame.h

@@ -36,17 +36,17 @@ public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建图像帧
     /// @param file_path 图像路径
-    static FramePtr Create(const String& file_path);
+    Frame(const String& file_path);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建图像帧
     /// @param res 图像资源
-    static FramePtr Create(const Resource& res);
+    Frame(const Resource& res);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建图像帧
     /// @param texture 纹理
-    static FramePtr Create(TexturePtr texture);
+    Frame(TexturePtr texture);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 构建空图像帧

src/kiwano/render/FrameSequence.cpp

@@ -24,31 +24,15 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-FrameSequencePtr FrameSequence::Create()
+FrameSequence::FrameSequence(const Vector<FramePtr>& frames)
 {
-    FrameSequencePtr ptr = new (autogc) FrameSequence;
+    AddFrames(frames);
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-FrameSequencePtr FrameSequence::Create(const Vector<FramePtr>& frames)
+FrameSequence::FrameSequence(FramePtr frame, int cols, int rows, int max_num, float padding_x,
-{
-    FrameSequencePtr ptr = new (autogc) FrameSequence;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->AddFrames(frames);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-FrameSequencePtr FrameSequence::Create(FramePtr frame, int cols, int rows, int max_num, float padding_x,
                                        float padding_y)
 {
-    FrameSequencePtr ptr = new (autogc) FrameSequence;
+    AddFrames(frame, cols, rows, max_num, padding_x, padding_y);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->AddFrames(frame, cols, rows, max_num, padding_x, padding_y);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 FrameSequence::FrameSequence() {}
@@ -103,7 +87,7 @@ void FrameSequence::AddFrames(FramePtr frame, int cols, int rows, int max_num, f
 
         for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
         {
-            FramePtr ptr = new (autogc) Frame;
+            FramePtr ptr = MakePtr<Frame>();
             if (ptr)
             {
                 ptr->SetTexture(frame->GetTexture());
@@ -140,7 +124,7 @@ size_t FrameSequence::GetFramesCount() const
 
 FrameSequencePtr FrameSequence::Clone() const
 {
-    auto frame_seq = new (autogc) FrameSequence;
+    auto frame_seq = MakePtr<FrameSequence>();
     if (frame_seq)
     {
         frame_seq->AddFrames(frames_);
@@ -150,7 +134,7 @@ FrameSequencePtr FrameSequence::Clone() const
 
 FrameSequencePtr FrameSequence::Reverse() const
 {
-    auto frame_seq = new (autogc) FrameSequence;
+    auto frame_seq = MakePtr<FrameSequence>();
     if (!frames_.empty())
     {
         for (auto iter = frames_.crbegin(), crend = frames_.crend(); iter != crend; ++iter)

src/kiwano/render/FrameSequence.h

@@ -34,14 +34,10 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(FrameSequence);
 class KGE_API FrameSequence : public ObjectBase
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief ´´½¨ÐòÁÐÖ¡
-    static FrameSequencePtr Create();
-
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建序列帧
     /// @param frames 图像帧集合
-    static FrameSequencePtr Create(const Vector<FramePtr>& frames);
+    FrameSequence(const Vector<FramePtr>& frames);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 按行列分割图像并创建序列帧
@@ -51,7 +47,7 @@ public:
     /// @param max_num 最大帧数量，设-1为将分割后的图像全部作为序列帧
     /// @param padding_x X方向间隔
     /// @param padding_y Y方向间隔
-    static FrameSequencePtr Create(FramePtr frame, int cols, int rows = 1, int max_num = -1, float padding_x = 0,
+    FrameSequence(FramePtr frame, int cols, int rows = 1, int max_num = -1, float padding_x = 0,
                                    float padding_y = 0);
 
     /// \~chinese

src/kiwano/render/GifImage.cpp

@@ -25,26 +25,16 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-GifImagePtr GifImage::Create(const String& file_path)
+GifImage::GifImage(const String& file_path)
+    : GifImage()
 {
-    GifImagePtr ptr = new (autogc) GifImage;
+    Load(file_path);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(file_path))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-GifImagePtr GifImage::Create(const Resource& res)
+GifImage::GifImage(const Resource& res)
+    : GifImage()
 {
-    GifImagePtr ptr = new (autogc) GifImage;
+    Load(res);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(res))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 GifImage::GifImage()

src/kiwano/render/GifImage.h

@@ -40,11 +40,11 @@ class KGE_API GifImage : public NativeObject
 public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ´´½¨GIFͼƬ
-    static GifImagePtr Create(const String& file_path);
+    GifImage(const String& file_path);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief ´´½¨GIFͼƬ
-    static GifImagePtr Create(const Resource& res);
+    GifImage(const Resource& res);
 
     GifImage();
 

src/kiwano/render/Shape.cpp

@@ -136,35 +136,35 @@ bool Shape::ContainsPoint(const Point& point, const Matrix3x2* transform) const
 
 ShapePtr Shape::CreateLine(const Point& begin, const Point& end)
 {
-    ShapePtr output = new (autogc) Shape;
+    ShapePtr output = MakePtr<Shape>();
     Renderer::GetInstance().CreateLineShape(*output, begin, end);
     return output;
 }
 
 ShapePtr Shape::CreateRect(const Rect& rect)
 {
-    ShapePtr output = new (autogc) Shape;
+    ShapePtr output = MakePtr<Shape>();
     Renderer::GetInstance().CreateRectShape(*output, rect);
     return output;
 }
 
 ShapePtr Shape::CreateRoundedRect(const Rect& rect, const Vec2& radius)
 {
-    ShapePtr output = new (autogc) Shape;
+    ShapePtr output = MakePtr<Shape>();
     Renderer::GetInstance().CreateRoundedRectShape(*output, rect, radius);
     return output;
 }
 
 ShapePtr Shape::CreateCircle(const Point& center, float radius)
 {
-    ShapePtr output = new (autogc) Shape;
+    ShapePtr output = MakePtr<Shape>();
     Renderer::GetInstance().CreateEllipseShape(*output, center, Vec2{ radius, radius });
     return output;
 }
 
 ShapePtr Shape::CreateEllipse(const Point& center, const Vec2& radius)
 {
-    ShapePtr output = new (autogc) Shape;
+    ShapePtr output = MakePtr<Shape>();
     Renderer::GetInstance().CreateEllipseShape(*output, center, radius);
     return output;
 }

src/kiwano/render/ShapeMaker.cpp

@@ -28,12 +28,6 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-ShapeMakerPtr ShapeMaker::Create()
-{
-    ShapeMakerPtr ptr = new (autogc) ShapeMaker;
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 ShapeMaker::ShapeMaker() {}
 
 ShapeMaker::~ShapeMaker()
@@ -151,8 +145,8 @@ void ShapeMaker::AddArc(const Point& point, const Size& radius, float rotation,
 
 ShapePtr ShapeMaker::Combine(ShapePtr shape_a, ShapePtr shape_b, CombineMode mode, const Matrix3x2* matrix)
 {
-    ShapeMakerPtr maker = ShapeMaker::Create();
+    ShapeMaker maker;
-    maker->OpenStream();
+    maker.OpenStream();
 
 #if KGE_RENDER_ENGINE == KGE_RENDER_ENGINE_DIRECTX
     if (shape_a && shape_b)
@@ -170,8 +164,8 @@ ShapePtr ShapeMaker::Combine(ShapePtr shape_a, ShapePtr shape_b, CombineMode mod
     // not supported
 #endif
 
-    maker->CloseStream();
+    maker.CloseStream();
-    return maker->GetShape();
+    return maker.GetShape();
 }
 
 void ShapeMaker::OpenStream()

src/kiwano/render/ShapeMaker.h

@@ -46,10 +46,6 @@ enum class CombineMode
 class KGE_API ShapeMaker : public NativeObject
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 创建形状生成器
-    static ShapeMakerPtr Create();
-
     ShapeMaker();
 
     ~ShapeMaker();

src/kiwano/render/StrokeStyle.cpp

@@ -24,39 +24,30 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-StrokeStylePtr StrokeStyle::Create(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join)
+StrokeStyle::StrokeStyle(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join)
+    : StrokeStyle(width, cap, line_join, DashStyle::Solid)
 {
-    return StrokeStyle::Create(width, cap, line_join, DashStyle::Solid);
 }
 
-StrokeStylePtr StrokeStyle::Create(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, DashStyle dash,
+StrokeStyle::StrokeStyle(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, DashStyle dash, float dash_offset)
-                                   float dash_offset)
+    : StrokeStyle()
 {
-    StrokeStylePtr ptr = new (autogc) StrokeStyle;
+    SetStrokeWidth(width);
-    if (ptr)
+    SetCapStyle(cap);
-    {
+    SetLineJoinStyle(line_join);
-        ptr->SetStrokeWidth(width);
+    SetDashStyle(dash);
-        ptr->SetCapStyle(cap);
+    SetDashOffset(dash_offset);
-        ptr->SetLineJoinStyle(line_join);
-        ptr->SetDashStyle(dash);
-        ptr->SetDashOffset(dash_offset);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-StrokeStylePtr StrokeStyle::Create(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, const float* dash_array,
+StrokeStyle::StrokeStyle(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, const float* dash_array, size_t dash_size,
-                                   size_t dash_size, float dash_offset)
+                         float dash_offset)
+    : StrokeStyle()
 {
-    StrokeStylePtr ptr = new (autogc) StrokeStyle;
+    SetStrokeWidth(width);
-    if (ptr)
+    SetCapStyle(cap);
-    {
+    SetLineJoinStyle(line_join);
-        ptr->SetStrokeWidth(width);
+    SetDashStyle(dash_array, dash_size);
-        ptr->SetCapStyle(cap);
+    SetDashOffset(dash_offset);
-        ptr->SetLineJoinStyle(line_join);
-        ptr->SetDashStyle(dash_array, dash_size);
-        ptr->SetDashOffset(dash_offset);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 StrokeStyle::StrokeStyle()

src/kiwano/render/StrokeStyle.h

@@ -74,8 +74,7 @@ public:
     /// @param width 线条宽度
     /// @param cap 线条端点样式
     /// @param line_join 线条交点样式
-    static StrokeStylePtr Create(float width, CapStyle cap = CapStyle::Flat,
+    StrokeStyle(float width, CapStyle cap = CapStyle::Flat, LineJoinStyle line_join = LineJoinStyle::Miter);
-                                 LineJoinStyle line_join = LineJoinStyle::Miter);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建线条样式
@@ -84,8 +83,7 @@ public:
     /// @param line_join 线条交点样式
     /// @param dash 线条虚线样式
     /// @param dash_offset 线条虚线偏移量
-    static StrokeStylePtr Create(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, DashStyle dash,
+    StrokeStyle(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, DashStyle dash, float dash_offset = 0.0f);
-                                 float dash_offset = 0.0f);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建线条样式
@@ -95,8 +93,8 @@ public:
     /// @param dash_array 线条虚线的长度与间隙数组
     /// @param dash_size 线条虚线数组大小
     /// @param dash_offset 线条虚线偏移量
-    static StrokeStylePtr Create(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, const float* dash_array,
+    StrokeStyle(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, const float* dash_array, size_t dash_size,
-                                 size_t dash_size, float dash_offset = 0.0f);
+                float dash_offset = 0.0f);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建线条样式
@@ -107,10 +105,10 @@ public:
     /// @param dash_array 线条虚线的长度与间隙数组
     /// @param dash_offset 线条虚线偏移量
     template <size_t _DashSize>
-    static inline StrokeStylePtr Create(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join,
+    StrokeStyle(float width, CapStyle cap, LineJoinStyle line_join, float (&dash_array)[_DashSize],
-                                        float (&dash_array)[_DashSize], float dash_offset = 0.0f)
+                float dash_offset = 0.0f)
+        : StrokeStyle(width, cap, line_join, dash_array, _DashSize, dash_offset)
     {
-        return StrokeStyle::Create(width, cap, line_join, dash_array, _DashSize, dash_offset);
     }
 
     StrokeStyle();

src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.cpp

@@ -28,28 +28,18 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-TextLayoutPtr TextLayout::Create()
-{
-    TextLayoutPtr ptr = new (autogc) TextLayout;
-    return ptr;
-}
-
-TextLayoutPtr TextLayout::Create(const String& content, const TextStyle& style)
-{
-    TextLayoutPtr ptr = new (autogc) TextLayout;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->Reset(content, style);
-    }
-    return ptr;
-}
-
 TextLayout::TextLayout()
     : dirty_flag_(DirtyFlag::Clean)
     , line_count_(0)
 {
 }
 
+TextLayout::TextLayout(const String& content, const TextStyle& style)
+    : TextLayout()
+{
+    Reset(content, style);
+}
+
 void TextLayout::Reset(const String& content, const TextStyle& style)
 {
     content_ = content;

src/kiwano/render/TextLayout.h

@@ -38,19 +38,13 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(TextLayout);
 class KGE_API TextLayout : public NativeObject
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
+    TextLayout();
-    /// @brief 创建文本布局
-    static TextLayoutPtr Create();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建文本布局
     /// @param content 文字内容
     /// @param style 文本样式
-    static TextLayoutPtr Create(const String& content, const TextStyle& style);
+    TextLayout(const String& content, const TextStyle& style);
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 构造空的文本布局
-    TextLayout();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 文本布局是否陈旧

src/kiwano/render/Texture.cpp

@@ -30,26 +30,16 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 InterpolationMode Texture::default_interpolation_mode_ = InterpolationMode::Linear;
 
-TexturePtr Texture::Create(const String& file_path)
+Texture::Texture(const String& file_path)
+    : Texture()
 {
-    TexturePtr ptr = new (autogc) Texture;
+    Load(file_path);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(file_path))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-TexturePtr Texture::Create(const Resource& res)
+Texture::Texture(const Resource& res)
+    : Texture()
 {
-    TexturePtr ptr = new (autogc) Texture;
+    Load(res);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(res))
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 Texture::Texture()

src/kiwano/render/Texture.h

@@ -56,11 +56,11 @@ class KGE_API Texture : public NativeObject
 public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 从本地文件创建纹理
-    static TexturePtr Create(const String& file_path);
+    Texture(const String& file_path);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 从资源创建纹理
-    static TexturePtr Create(const Resource& res);
+    Texture(const Resource& res);
 
     Texture();
 

src/kiwano/render/TextureCache.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ RefPtr<_Ty> CreateOrGetCache(_CacheTy& cache, const _PathTy& path, size_t hash)
         return iter->second;
     }
 
-    RefPtr<_Ty> texture = new (autogc) _Ty;
+    RefPtr<_Ty> texture = MakePtr<_Ty>();
     if (texture->Load(path))
     {
         cache.insert(std::make_pair(hash, texture));

src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.cpp

@@ -94,17 +94,11 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-ConfigIniPtr ConfigIni::Create(const String& file_path)
+ConfigIni::ConfigIni() {}
+
+ConfigIni::ConfigIni(const String& file_path)
 {
-    ConfigIniPtr ptr = new (autogc) ConfigIni;
+    Load(file_path);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        if (!ptr->Load(file_path))
-        {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 bool ConfigIni::Load(const String& file_path)

src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.h

@@ -32,11 +32,6 @@ KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(ConfigIni);
 class KGE_API ConfigIni : public ObjectBase
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 加载 ini 文件
-    /// @param file_path 文件路径
-    static ConfigIniPtr Create(const String& file_path);
-
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 键值字典
     typedef UnorderedMap<String, String> ValueMap;
@@ -45,6 +40,13 @@ public:
     /// @brief Section字典
     typedef UnorderedMap<String, ValueMap> SectionMap;
 
+    ConfigIni();
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 加载 ini 文件
+    /// @param file_path 文件路径
+    ConfigIni(const String& file_path);
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 加载 ini 文件
     /// @param file_path 文件路径

src/kiwano/utils/EventTicker.cpp

@@ -29,15 +29,11 @@ TickEvent::TickEvent()
 {
 }
 
-EventTickerPtr EventTicker::Create(Duration interval, int times)
+EventTicker::EventTicker() {}
+
+EventTicker::EventTicker(Duration interval, int tick_count)
+    : Ticker(interval, tick_count)
 {
-    EventTickerPtr ptr = new (autogc) EventTicker;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetInterval(interval);
-        ptr->SetTotalTickCount(times);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 bool EventTicker::Tick(Duration dt)

src/kiwano/utils/EventTicker.h

@@ -57,11 +57,13 @@ class KGE_API EventTicker
     , public EventDispatcher
 {
 public:
+    EventTicker();
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建事件报时器
     /// @param interval 报时间隔
-    /// @param times 报时次数（设 -1 为永久）
+    /// @param tick_count 报时次数（设 -1 为永久）
-    static EventTickerPtr Create(Duration interval, int times = -1);
+    EventTicker(Duration interval, int tick_count = -1);
 
     using Ticker::Tick;
 

src/kiwano/utils/Logger.cpp

@@ -194,10 +194,8 @@ std::ostream& ConsoleColorBrush(std::ostream& os)
     return os;
 }
 
-LogProviderPtr ConsoleLogProvider::Create()
+ConsoleLogProvider::ConsoleLogProvider()
 {
-    LogProviderPtr ptr = new ConsoleLogProvider;
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 ConsoleLogProvider::~ConsoleLogProvider()
@@ -242,14 +240,9 @@ ConsoleLogProvider::ConsoleColor ConsoleLogProvider::GetColor(LogLevel level)
     return ConsoleColorBrush<0>;
 }
 
-LogProviderPtr FileLogProvider::Create(const String& filepath, std::ios_base::openmode mode)
+FileLogProvider::FileLogProvider(const String& filepath, std::ios_base::openmode mode)
 {
-    RefPtr<FileLogProvider> ptr = new FileLogProvider;
+    ofs_.open(filepath, mode);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->ofs_.open(filepath, mode);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
 FileLogProvider::~FileLogProvider()
@@ -500,10 +493,10 @@ Logger::Logger()
     , buffer_(1024)
     , stream_(&buffer_)
 {
-    LogFormaterPtr formater = new TextFormater;
+    LogFormaterPtr formater = MakePtr<TextFormater>();
     SetFormater(formater);
 
-    LogProviderPtr provider = ConsoleLogProvider::Create();
+    LogProviderPtr provider = MakePtr<ConsoleLogProvider>();
     AddProvider(provider);
 }
 

src/kiwano/utils/Logger.h

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ protected:
 class KGE_API ConsoleLogProvider : public LogProvider
 {
 public:
-    static LogProviderPtr Create();
+    ConsoleLogProvider();
 
     virtual ~ConsoleLogProvider();
 
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ private:
 class KGE_API FileLogProvider : public LogProvider
 {
 public:
-    static LogProviderPtr Create(const String& filepath, std::ios_base::openmode mode = std::ios_base::out);
+    FileLogProvider(const String& filepath, std::ios_base::openmode mode = std::ios_base::out);
 
    virtual ~FileLogProvider();
 

src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp

@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ bool LoadTexturesFromData(ResourceCache* loader, GlobalData* gdata, const String
     if (type == "gif")
     {
         // GIF image
-        GifImagePtr gif = new (autogc) GifImage;
+        GifImagePtr gif = MakePtr<GifImage>();
         if (gif && gif->Load(gdata->path + file))
         {
             return loader->AddObject(id, gif);
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ bool LoadTexturesFromData(ResourceCache* loader, GlobalData* gdata, const String
     if (!file.empty())
     {
         // Simple image
-        FramePtr frame = new (autogc) Frame;
+        FramePtr frame = MakePtr<Frame>();
         if (frame && frame->Load(gdata->path + file))
         {
             return loader->AddObject(id, frame);
@@ -246,13 +246,13 @@ bool LoadTexturesFromData(ResourceCache* loader, GlobalData* gdata, const String
     frames.reserve(files.size());
     for (const auto& file : files)
     {
-        FramePtr frame = new (autogc) Frame;
+        FramePtr frame = MakePtr<Frame>();
         if (frame->Load(gdata->path + file))
         {
             frames.push_back(frame);
         }
     }
-    FrameSequencePtr frame_seq = FrameSequence::Create(frames);
+    FrameSequencePtr frame_seq = MakePtr<FrameSequence>(frames);
     if (frame_seq)
     {
         return !!loader->AddObject(id, frame_seq);
@@ -271,10 +271,10 @@ bool LoadTexturesFromData(ResourceCache* loader, GlobalData* gdata, const String
         if (rows || cols)
         {
             // Frame slices
-            FramePtr frame = new (autogc) Frame;
+            FramePtr frame = MakePtr<Frame>();
             if (frame && frame->Load(gdata->path + file))
             {
-                FrameSequencePtr frame_seq = new (autogc) FrameSequence;
+                FrameSequencePtr frame_seq = MakePtr<FrameSequence>();
                 if (frame_seq)
                 {
                     frame_seq->AddFrames(frame, cols, rows, max_num, padding_x, padding_y);
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ bool LoadTexturesFromData(ResourceCache* loader, GlobalData* gdata, const String
         else
         {
             // Simple image
-            FramePtr frame = new (autogc) Frame;
+            FramePtr frame = MakePtr<Frame>();
             if (frame && frame->Load(gdata->path + file))
             {
                 return loader->AddObject(id, frame);
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ bool LoadFontsFromData(ResourceCache* loader, GlobalData* gdata, const String& i
     if (!gdata)
         return false;
 
-    FontPtr font = new (autogc) Font;
+    FontPtr font = MakePtr<Font>();
     if (font && font->Load(gdata->path + file))
     {
         return loader->AddObject(id, font);

src/kiwano/utils/Task.cpp

@@ -22,37 +22,32 @@
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
-TaskPtr Task::Create(const Callback& cb, TickerPtr ticker)
+Task::Task(const Callback& cb, TickerPtr ticker)
+    : running_(true)
+    , removeable_(false)
+    , callback_(cb)
+    , ticker_(ticker)
 {
-    TaskPtr ptr = new (autogc) Task;
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetCallback(cb);
-        ptr->SetTicker(ticker);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-TaskPtr Task::Create(const String& name, const Callback& cb, TickerPtr ticker)
+Task::Task(const String& name, const Callback& cb, TickerPtr ticker)
+    : Task(cb, ticker)
 {
-    TaskPtr ptr = Task::Create(cb, ticker);
+    SetName(name);
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        ptr->SetName(name);
-    }
-    return ptr;
 }
 
-TaskPtr Task::Create(const Callback& cb, Duration interval, int times)
+Task::Task(const Callback& cb, Duration interval, int times)
+    : running_(true)
+    , removeable_(false)
+    , callback_(cb)
 {
-    TickerPtr ticker = Ticker::Create(interval, times);
+    ticker_ = MakePtr<Ticker>(interval, times);
-    return Task::Create(cb, ticker);
 }
 
-TaskPtr Task::Create(const String& name, const Callback& cb, Duration interval, int times)
+Task::Task(const String& name, const Callback& cb, Duration interval, int times)
+    : Task(cb, interval, times)
 {
-    TickerPtr ticker = Ticker::Create(interval, times);
+    SetName(name);
-    return Task::Create(name, cb, ticker);
 }
 
 Task::Task()