diff --git a/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.cpp b/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.cpp
index ccfe6a28..84d1dff8 100644
--- a/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.cpp
@@ -65,12 +65,12 @@ void ImGuiModule::DestroyModule()
     ImGui::DestroyContext();
 }
 
-void ImGuiModule::OnUpdate(Duration dt)
+void ImGuiModule::OnUpdate(UpdateModuleContext& ctx)
 {
     ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
 
     // Setup time step
-    io.DeltaTime = dt.Seconds();
+    io.DeltaTime = ctx.dt.Seconds();
 
     // Read keyboard modifiers inputs
     io.KeyCtrl  = Input::GetInstance().IsDown(KeyCode::Ctrl);
@@ -84,86 +84,97 @@ void ImGuiModule::OnUpdate(Duration dt)
 
     // Update OS mouse cursor with the cursor requested by imgui
     UpdateMouseCursor();
+
+    ctx.Next();
 }
 
-void ImGuiModule::BeforeRender()
+void ImGuiModule::OnRender(RenderModuleContext& ctx)
 {
-    ImGui_Impl_NewFrame();
-
-    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
-    KGE_ASSERT(io.Fonts->IsBuilt() && "Font atlas not built!");
-
-    // Setup display size (every frame to accommodate for window resizing)
-    Size display_size = Renderer::GetInstance().GetOutputSize();
-    io.DisplaySize    = ImVec2(display_size.x, display_size.y);
-
-    ImGui::NewFrame();
-}
-
-void ImGuiModule::AfterRender()
-{
-    ImGui::Render();
-
-    ImGui_Impl_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());
-}
-
-void ImGuiModule::HandleEvent(Event* evt)
-{
-    if (ImGui::GetCurrentContext() == NULL)
-        return;
-
-    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
-    if (evt->IsType<MouseEvent>())
+    // Before render
     {
-        if (evt->IsType<MouseDownEvent>())
+        ImGui_Impl_NewFrame();
+
+        ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+        KGE_ASSERT(io.Fonts->IsBuilt() && "Font atlas not built!");
+
+        // Setup display size (every frame to accommodate for window resizing)
+        Size display_size = Renderer::GetInstance().GetOutputSize();
+        io.DisplaySize    = ImVec2(display_size.x, display_size.y);
+
+        ImGui::NewFrame();
+    }
+
+    ctx.Next();
+
+    // After render
+    {
+        ImGui::Render();
+
+        ImGui_Impl_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGuiModule::HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx)
+{
+    if (ImGui::GetCurrentContext() != NULL)
+    {
+        Event* evt = ctx.evt;
+
+        ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+        if (evt->IsType<MouseEvent>())
         {
-            MouseButton button = dynamic_cast<MouseDownEvent*>(evt)->button;
-            int         index  = 0;
-            if (button == MouseButton::Left)
-                index = 0;
-            else if (button == MouseButton::Right)
-                index = 1;
-            else if (button == MouseButton::Middle)
-                index = 2;
-            io.MouseDown[index] = true;
+            if (evt->IsType<MouseDownEvent>())
+            {
+                MouseButton button = dynamic_cast<MouseDownEvent*>(evt)->button;
+                int         index  = 0;
+                if (button == MouseButton::Left)
+                    index = 0;
+                else if (button == MouseButton::Right)
+                    index = 1;
+                else if (button == MouseButton::Middle)
+                    index = 2;
+                io.MouseDown[index] = true;
+            }
+            else if (evt->IsType<MouseUpEvent>())
+            {
+                MouseButton button = dynamic_cast<MouseUpEvent*>(evt)->button;
+                int         index  = 0;
+                if (button == MouseButton::Left)
+                    index = 0;
+                else if (button == MouseButton::Right)
+                    index = 1;
+                else if (button == MouseButton::Middle)
+                    index = 2;
+                io.MouseDown[index] = false;
+            }
+            else if (evt->IsType<MouseWheelEvent>())
+            {
+                float wheel = dynamic_cast<MouseWheelEvent*>(evt)->wheel;
+                io.MouseWheel += wheel;
+            }
         }
-        else if (evt->IsType<MouseUpEvent>())
+        else if (evt->IsType<KeyEvent>())
         {
-            MouseButton button = dynamic_cast<MouseUpEvent*>(evt)->button;
-            int         index  = 0;
-            if (button == MouseButton::Left)
-                index = 0;
-            else if (button == MouseButton::Right)
-                index = 1;
-            else if (button == MouseButton::Middle)
-                index = 2;
-            io.MouseDown[index] = false;
-        }
-        else if (evt->IsType<MouseWheelEvent>())
-        {
-            float wheel = dynamic_cast<MouseWheelEvent*>(evt)->wheel;
-            io.MouseWheel += wheel;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (evt->IsType<KeyEvent>())
-    {
-        if (evt->IsType<KeyDownEvent>())
-        {
-            KeyCode key           = dynamic_cast<KeyDownEvent*>(evt)->code;
-            io.KeysDown[(int)key] = true;
-        }
-        else if (evt->IsType<KeyUpEvent>())
-        {
-            KeyCode key           = dynamic_cast<KeyUpEvent*>(evt)->code;
-            io.KeysDown[(int)key] = false;
-        }
-        else if (evt->IsType<KeyCharEvent>())
-        {
-            // You can also use ToAscii()+GetKeyboardState() to retrieve characters.
-            char ch = dynamic_cast<KeyCharEvent*>(evt)->value;
-            io.AddInputCharacter(static_cast<ImWchar>(ch));
+            if (evt->IsType<KeyDownEvent>())
+            {
+                KeyCode key           = dynamic_cast<KeyDownEvent*>(evt)->code;
+                io.KeysDown[(int)key] = true;
+            }
+            else if (evt->IsType<KeyUpEvent>())
+            {
+                KeyCode key           = dynamic_cast<KeyUpEvent*>(evt)->code;
+                io.KeysDown[(int)key] = false;
+            }
+            else if (evt->IsType<KeyCharEvent>())
+            {
+                // You can also use ToAscii()+GetKeyboardState() to retrieve characters.
+                char ch = dynamic_cast<KeyCharEvent*>(evt)->value;
+                io.AddInputCharacter(static_cast<ImWchar>(ch));
+            }
         }
     }
+
+    ctx.Next();
 }
 
 void ImGuiModule::UpdateMousePos()
diff --git a/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.h b/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.h
index b5c2d159..53ec924c 100644
--- a/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.h
+++ b/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.h
@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@ namespace imgui
  */
 class ImGuiModule
     : public Singleton<ImGuiModule>
-    , public RenderModule
-    , public UpdateModule
-    , public EventModule
+    , public Module
 {
     friend Singleton<ImGuiModule>;
 
@@ -47,13 +45,11 @@ public:
 
     void DestroyModule() override;
 
-    void BeforeRender() override;
+    void OnUpdate(UpdateModuleContext& ctx) override;
 
-    void AfterRender() override;
+    void OnRender(RenderModuleContext& ctx) override;
 
-    void HandleEvent(Event* evt) override;
-
-    void OnUpdate(Duration dt) override;
+    void HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx) override;
 
 private:
     void UpdateMousePos();
diff --git a/src/kiwano/base/Director.cpp b/src/kiwano/base/Director.cpp
index 6b221030..d4d09a92 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/base/Director.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/base/Director.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 #include <kiwano/2d/Stage.h>
 #include <kiwano/2d/Transition.h>
 #include <kiwano/base/Director.h>
-#include <kiwano/render/RenderContext.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
@@ -119,11 +118,11 @@ void Director::ClearStages()
     debug_actor_.Reset();
 }
 
-void Director::OnUpdate(Duration dt)
+void Director::OnUpdate(UpdateModuleContext& ctx)
 {
     if (transition_)
     {
-        transition_->Update(dt);
+        transition_->Update(ctx.dt);
 
         if (transition_->IsDone())
             transition_ = nullptr;
@@ -143,47 +142,53 @@ void Director::OnUpdate(Duration dt)
     }
 
     if (current_stage_)
-        current_stage_->Update(dt);
+        current_stage_->Update(ctx.dt);
 
     if (next_stage_)
-        next_stage_->Update(dt);
+        next_stage_->Update(ctx.dt);
 
     if (debug_actor_)
-        debug_actor_->Update(dt);
+        debug_actor_->Update(ctx.dt);
+
+    ctx.Next();
 }
 
-void Director::OnRender(RenderContext& ctx)
+void Director::OnRender(RenderModuleContext& ctx)
 {
     if (transition_)
     {
-        transition_->Render(ctx);
+        transition_->Render(ctx.render_ctx);
     }
     else if (current_stage_)
     {
-        current_stage_->Render(ctx);
+        current_stage_->Render(ctx.render_ctx);
 
         if (render_border_enabled_)
         {
-            current_stage_->RenderBorder(ctx);
+            current_stage_->RenderBorder(ctx.render_ctx);
         }
     }
 
     if (debug_actor_)
     {
-        debug_actor_->Render(ctx);
+        debug_actor_->Render(ctx.render_ctx);
     }
+
+    ctx.Next();
 }
 
-void Director::HandleEvent(Event* evt)
+void Director::HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx)
 {
     if (current_stage_)
-        current_stage_->DispatchEvent(evt);
+        current_stage_->DispatchEvent(ctx.evt);
 
     if (next_stage_)
-        next_stage_->DispatchEvent(evt);
+        next_stage_->DispatchEvent(ctx.evt);
 
     if (debug_actor_)
-        debug_actor_->DispatchEvent(evt);
+        debug_actor_->DispatchEvent(ctx.evt);
+
+    ctx.Next();
 }
 
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/base/Director.h b/src/kiwano/base/Director.h
index 6a775670..c216e590 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/base/Director.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/base/Director.h
@@ -34,9 +34,7 @@ namespace kiwano
  */
 class KGE_API Director
     : public Singleton<Director>
-    , public UpdateModule
-    , public RenderModule
-    , public EventModule
+    , public Module
 {
     friend Singleton<Director>;
 
@@ -92,15 +90,11 @@ public:
     void ClearStages();
 
 public:
-    void SetupModule() override {}
+    void OnUpdate(UpdateModuleContext& ctx) override;
 
-    void DestroyModule() override {}
+    void OnRender(RenderModuleContext& ctx) override;
 
-    void OnUpdate(Duration dt) override;
-
-    void OnRender(RenderContext& ctx) override;
-
-    void HandleEvent(Event* evt) override;
+    void HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx) override;
 
     virtual ~Director();
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/base/Module.cpp b/src/kiwano/base/Module.cpp
index 009100bb..5f492049 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/base/Module.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/base/Module.cpp
@@ -19,28 +19,86 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #include <kiwano/base/Module.h>
+#include <kiwano/render/RenderContext.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-Module::Module()
-    : flag_(0)
+ModuleContext::ModuleContext(ModuleList& modules)
+    : index_(-1)
+    , modules_(modules)
 {
 }
 
-RenderModule::RenderModule()
+ModuleContext::~ModuleContext() {}
+
+void ModuleContext::Next()
 {
-    flag_ |= ModuleFlag<RenderModule>::value;
+    index_++;
+    for (; index_ < (int)modules_.size(); index_++)
+    {
+        this->Handle(modules_.at(index_));
+    }
 }
 
-UpdateModule::UpdateModule()
+RenderModuleContext::RenderModuleContext(ModuleList& modules, RenderContext& ctx)
+    : ModuleContext(modules)
+    , render_ctx(ctx)
 {
-    flag_ |= ModuleFlag<UpdateModule>::value;
+    render_ctx.BeginDraw();
 }
 
-EventModule::EventModule()
+RenderModuleContext::~RenderModuleContext()
 {
-    flag_ |= ModuleFlag<EventModule>::value;
+    render_ctx.EndDraw();
+}
+
+void RenderModuleContext::Handle(Module* m)
+{
+    m->OnRender(*this);
+}
+
+UpdateModuleContext::UpdateModuleContext(ModuleList& modules, Duration dt)
+    : ModuleContext(modules)
+    , dt(dt)
+{
+}
+
+void UpdateModuleContext::Handle(Module* m)
+{
+    m->OnUpdate(*this);
+}
+
+EventModuleContext::EventModuleContext(ModuleList& modules, Event* evt)
+    : ModuleContext(modules)
+    , evt(evt)
+{
+}
+
+void EventModuleContext::Handle(Module* m)
+{
+    m->HandleEvent(*this);
+}
+
+Module::Module() {}
+
+void Module::SetupModule() {}
+
+void Module::DestroyModule() {}
+
+void Module::OnRender(RenderModuleContext& ctx)
+{
+    ctx.Next();
+}
+
+void Module::OnUpdate(UpdateModuleContext& ctx)
+{
+    ctx.Next();
+}
+
+void Module::HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx)
+{
+    ctx.Next();
 }
 
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/base/Module.h b/src/kiwano/base/Module.h
index f9a95340..68c66676 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/base/Module.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/base/Module.h
@@ -25,124 +25,104 @@ namespace kiwano
 {
 class RenderContext;
 class Event;
+class Module;
 
-template <typename _CompTy>
-struct ModuleFlag;
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 模块列表
+typedef Vector<Module*> ModuleList;
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 模块上下文
+class KGE_API ModuleContext
+{
+public:
+    void Next();
+
+protected:
+    ModuleContext(ModuleList& modules);
+
+    virtual ~ModuleContext();
+
+    virtual void Handle(Module* m) = 0;
+
+private:
+    int         index_;
+    ModuleList& modules_;
+};
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 渲染模块上下文
+class KGE_API RenderModuleContext : public ModuleContext
+{
+public:
+    RenderContext& render_ctx;
+
+    RenderModuleContext(ModuleList& modules, RenderContext& ctx);
+
+    virtual ~RenderModuleContext();
+
+protected:
+    void Handle(Module* m) override;
+};
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 更新模块上下文
+class KGE_API UpdateModuleContext : public ModuleContext
+{
+public:
+    Duration dt;
+
+    UpdateModuleContext(ModuleList& modules, Duration dt);
+
+protected:
+    void Handle(Module* m) override;
+};
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 时间模块上下文
+class KGE_API EventModuleContext : public ModuleContext
+{
+public:
+    Event* evt;
+
+    EventModuleContext(ModuleList& modules, Event* evt);
+
+protected:
+    void Handle(Module* m) override;
+};
 
 /**
  * \~chinese
  * @brief 基础模块
  */
-class KGE_API Module
+class KGE_API Module : Noncopyable
 {
 public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 启动模块
-    virtual void SetupModule() {}
+    virtual void SetupModule();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 销毁模块
-    virtual void DestroyModule() {}
-
-    template <typename _CompTy>
-    _CompTy* Cast()
-    {
-        if (flag_ & ModuleFlag<_CompTy>::value)
-            return dynamic_cast<_CompTy*>(this);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-protected:
-    Module();
-
-protected:
-    int flag_;
-};
-
-/**
- * \~chinese
- * @brief 渲染模块
- */
-class KGE_API RenderModule : public virtual Module
-{
-public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 渲染前
-    virtual void BeforeRender() {}
+    virtual void DestroyModule();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 渲染时
     /// @param ctx 渲染上下文
-    virtual void OnRender(RenderContext& ctx) {}
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 渲染后
-    virtual void AfterRender() {}
-
-public:
-    RenderModule();
-};
-
-/**
- * \~chinese
- * @brief 更新模块
- */
-class KGE_API UpdateModule : public virtual Module
-{
-public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 更新前
-    virtual void BeforeUpdate() {}
+    virtual void OnRender(RenderModuleContext& ctx);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 更新时
-    /// @param dt 间隔时间
-    virtual void OnUpdate(Duration dt) {}
+    /// @param ctx 更新上下文
+    virtual void OnUpdate(UpdateModuleContext& ctx);
 
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 更新后
-    virtual void AfterUpdate() {}
-
-public:
-    UpdateModule();
-};
-
-/**
- * \~chinese
- * @brief 事件模块
- */
-class KGE_API EventModule : public virtual Module
-{
-public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 事件处理
-    /// @param evt 事件
-    virtual void HandleEvent(Event* evt) {}
+    /// @param ctx 事件上下文
+    virtual void HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx);
 
-public:
-    EventModule();
+protected:
+    Module();
 };
 
-#define KGE_DEFINE_COMPONENT_FLAG(OFFSET) (0x01 << (OFFSET % 32))
-
-template <>
-struct ModuleFlag<RenderModule>
-{
-    static constexpr int value = KGE_DEFINE_COMPONENT_FLAG(0);
-};
-
-template <>
-struct ModuleFlag<UpdateModule>
-{
-    static constexpr int value = KGE_DEFINE_COMPONENT_FLAG(1);
-};
-
-template <>
-struct ModuleFlag<EventModule>
-{
-    static constexpr int value = KGE_DEFINE_COMPONENT_FLAG(2);
-};
-
-#undef KGE_DEFINE_COMPONENT_FLAG
-
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp b/src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp
index a117aa31..8e94e6bd 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp
@@ -162,13 +162,8 @@ void Application::DispatchEvent(Event* evt)
     if (!running_ /* Dispatch events even if application is paused */)
         return;
 
-    for (auto comp : modules_)
-    {
-        if (auto event_comp = comp->Cast<EventModule>())
-        {
-            event_comp->HandleEvent(evt);
-        }
-    }
+    auto ctx = EventModuleContext(modules_, evt);
+    ctx.Next();
 }
 
 void Application::Update(Duration dt)
@@ -176,51 +171,24 @@ void Application::Update(Duration dt)
     if (!running_ || is_paused_)
         return;
 
-    // Before update
-    for (auto comp : modules_)
-    {
-        if (auto update_comp = comp->Cast<UpdateModule>())
-        {
-            update_comp->BeforeUpdate();
-        }
-    }
+    auto ctx = UpdateModuleContext(modules_, dt);
+    ctx.Next();
 
     // perform functions
+    if (!functions_to_perform_.empty())
     {
-        if (!functions_to_perform_.empty())
-        {
-            perform_mutex_.lock();
-            auto functions = std::move(functions_to_perform_);
-            perform_mutex_.unlock();
+        perform_mutex_.lock();
+        auto functions = std::move(functions_to_perform_);
+        perform_mutex_.unlock();
 
-            while (!functions.empty())
+        while (!functions.empty())
+        {
+            auto& func = functions.front();
+            if (func)
             {
-                auto& func = functions.front();
-                if (func)
-                {
-                    func();
-                }
-                functions.pop();
+                func();
             }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Updating
-    Duration scaled_dt = dt * time_scale_;
-    for (auto comp : modules_)
-    {
-        if (auto update_comp = comp->Cast<UpdateModule>())
-        {
-            update_comp->OnUpdate(scaled_dt);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // After update
-    for (auto rit = modules_.rbegin(); rit != modules_.rend(); ++rit)
-    {
-        if (auto update_comp = (*rit)->Cast<UpdateModule>())
-        {
-            update_comp->AfterUpdate();
+            functions.pop();
         }
     }
 }
@@ -233,33 +201,9 @@ void Application::Render()
     Renderer& renderer = Renderer::GetInstance();
     renderer.Clear();
 
-    // Before render
-    for (auto comp : modules_)
     {
-        if (auto render_comp = comp->Cast<RenderModule>())
-        {
-            render_comp->BeforeRender();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Rendering
-    renderer.BeginDraw();
-    for (auto comp : modules_)
-    {
-        if (auto render_comp = comp->Cast<RenderModule>())
-        {
-            render_comp->OnRender(renderer.GetContext());
-        }
-    }
-    renderer.EndDraw();
-
-    // After render
-    for (auto rit = modules_.rbegin(); rit != modules_.rend(); ++rit)
-    {
-        if (auto render_comp = (*rit)->Cast<RenderModule>())
-        {
-            render_comp->AfterRender();
-        }
+        auto ctx = RenderModuleContext(modules_, renderer.GetContext());
+        ctx.Next();
     }
 
     renderer.Present();
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Application.h b/src/kiwano/platform/Application.h
index 670440c3..85e0fc21 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Application.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Application.h
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ extern KGE_API int GetVersion();
  * \~chinese
  * @brief 应用程序，控制游戏的整个生命周期，包括初始化、启动、结束以及事件分发等
  */
-class KGE_API Application : public Singleton<Application>
+class KGE_API Application
+    : public Singleton<Application>
 {
     friend Singleton<Application>;
 
@@ -169,7 +170,7 @@ private:
     float                   time_scale_;
     RunnerPtr               runner_;
     TimerPtr                timer_;
-    List<Module*>           modules_;
+    ModuleList              modules_;
     std::mutex              perform_mutex_;
     Queue<Function<void()>> functions_to_perform_;
 };
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Input.cpp b/src/kiwano/platform/Input.cpp
index 8dd82307..d5451c0e 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Input.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Input.cpp
@@ -34,21 +34,6 @@ Input::Input()
 
 Input::~Input() {}
 
-void Input::AfterUpdate()
-{
-    if (want_update_keys_)
-    {
-        want_update_keys_ = false;
-        ::memcpy(keys_[Prev].data(), keys_[Current].data(), KEY_NUM * sizeof(bool));
-    }
-
-    if (want_update_buttons_)
-    {
-        want_update_buttons_ = false;
-        buttons_[Prev]       = buttons_[Current];
-    }
-}
-
 bool Input::IsDown(KeyCode key) const
 {
     if (key == KeyCode::Unknown || key == KeyCode::Last)
@@ -129,8 +114,27 @@ void Input::UpdateMousePos(const Point& pos)
     mouse_pos_ = pos;
 }
 
-void Input::HandleEvent(Event* evt)
+void Input::OnUpdate(UpdateModuleContext& ctx)
 {
+    ctx.Next();
+
+    if (want_update_keys_)
+    {
+        want_update_keys_ = false;
+        ::memcpy(keys_[Prev].data(), keys_[Current].data(), KEY_NUM * sizeof(bool));
+    }
+
+    if (want_update_buttons_)
+    {
+        want_update_buttons_ = false;
+        buttons_[Prev]       = buttons_[Current];
+    }
+}
+
+void Input::HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx)
+{
+    Event* evt = ctx.evt;
+
     if (evt->IsType<MouseEvent>())
     {
         if (evt->IsType<MouseMoveEvent>())
@@ -157,5 +161,8 @@ void Input::HandleEvent(Event* evt)
             UpdateKey(dynamic_cast<KeyUpEvent*>(evt)->code, false);
         }
     }
+
+    ctx.Next();
 }
+
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Input.h b/src/kiwano/platform/Input.h
index 2bd4ad84..b731e0a5 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Input.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Input.h
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@ namespace kiwano
  */
 class KGE_API Input
     : public Singleton<Input>
-    , public UpdateModule
-    , public EventModule
+    , public Module
 {
     friend Singleton<Input>;
 
@@ -104,13 +103,9 @@ public:
     Point GetMousePos() const;
 
 public:
-    void SetupModule() override {}
+    void OnUpdate(UpdateModuleContext& ctx) override;
 
-    void DestroyModule() override {}
-
-    void AfterUpdate() override;
-
-    void HandleEvent(Event* evt) override;
+    void HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx) override;
 
     ~Input();
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp b/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp
index e2e0463c..642704b1 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ void Runner::InitSettings()
     Renderer::GetInstance().SetVSyncEnabled(settings_.vsync_enabled);
 
     // Use defaut modules
+    Application::GetInstance().Use(Renderer::GetInstance());
     Application::GetInstance().Use(Input::GetInstance());
     Application::GetInstance().Use(Director::GetInstance());
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/D3D11DeviceResources.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/D3D11DeviceResources.cpp
index 31e0c3f4..3f5408ca 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/D3D11DeviceResources.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/D3D11DeviceResources.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 #include <kiwano/utils/Logger.h>
 #include <kiwano/render/DirectX/D3D11DeviceResources.h>
-#include <memory>
 
 KGE_SUPPRESS_WARNING_PUSH
 KGE_SUPPRESS_WARNING(4800)   // Implicit conversion from 'type' to bool
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
index 0fc654fa..ef4d04b7 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
@@ -166,6 +166,15 @@ void RendererImpl::Destroy()
     ::CoUninitialize();
 }
 
+void RendererImpl::HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx)
+{
+    if (ctx.evt->IsType<WindowResizedEvent>())
+    {
+        auto evt = ctx.evt->SafeCast<WindowResizedEvent>();
+        Resize(evt->width, evt->height);
+    }
+}
+
 void RendererImpl::Clear()
 {
     KGE_ASSERT(d3d_res_);
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
index 8825d135..dfce0ea0 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
@@ -83,6 +83,8 @@ public:
 
     void Destroy() override;
 
+    void HandleEvent(EventModuleContext& ctx) override;
+
 protected:
     RendererImpl();
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.cpp
index ef165491..53904c2c 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #include <kiwano/render/Renderer.h>
-#include <kiwano/event/WindowEvent.h>
-#include <kiwano/platform/Application.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
@@ -31,18 +29,4 @@ Renderer::Renderer()
 {
 }
 
-void Renderer::BeginDraw()
-{
-    KGE_ASSERT(render_ctx_);
-
-    render_ctx_->BeginDraw();
-}
-
-void Renderer::EndDraw()
-{
-    KGE_ASSERT(render_ctx_);
-
-    render_ctx_->EndDraw();
-}
-
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
index 742cfb11..48005faf 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace kiwano
  * \~chinese
  * @brief 渲染器
  */
-class KGE_API Renderer : public Noncopyable
+class KGE_API Renderer : public Module
 {
 public:
     /// \~chinese
@@ -218,14 +218,6 @@ public:
     virtual RenderContextPtr CreateTextureRenderContext(Texture& texture, const Size* desired_size = nullptr) = 0;
 
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 开始渲染
-    virtual void BeginDraw();
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 结束渲染
-    virtual void EndDraw();
-
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 清除绘制内容
     virtual void Clear() = 0;