diff --git a/core/Base/GC.cpp b/core/Base/GC.cpp
index a4fc7284..d34fbfbc 100644
--- a/core/Base/GC.cpp
+++ b/core/Base/GC.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ e2d::GC::GC()
 e2d::GC::~GC()
 {
 	// 删除所有对象
-	Game::GetInstance()->ClearAllScenes();
 	Timer::GetInstance()->ClearAllTasks();
 	ActionManager::GetInstance()->ClearAll();
 
diff --git a/core/Base/Game.cpp b/core/Base/Game.cpp
index 47ea94c9..d86e0178 100644
--- a/core/Base/Game.cpp
+++ b/core/Base/Game.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ e2d::Game::Game()
 	, curr_scene_(nullptr)
 	, next_scene_(nullptr)
 	, transition_(nullptr)
-	, scenes_()
 {
 	::CoInitialize(nullptr);
 }
@@ -119,7 +118,7 @@ void e2d::Game::Quit()
 	quit_ = true;
 }
 
-void e2d::Game::PushScene(Scene * scene, bool save_current_scene)
+void e2d::Game::EnterScene(Scene * scene)
 {
 	if (!scene)
 		return;
@@ -128,19 +127,14 @@ void e2d::Game::PushScene(Scene * scene, bool save_current_scene)
 	if (next_scene_) next_scene_->Release();
 	next_scene_ = scene;
 	next_scene_->Retain();
-
-	if (save_current_scene && curr_scene_)
-	{
-		scenes_.push(curr_scene_);
-	}
 }
 
-void e2d::Game::PushScene(Transition * transition, bool save_current_scene)
+void e2d::Game::EnterScene(Transition * transition)
 {
 	if (!transition)
 		return;
 
-	PushScene(transition->in_scene_, save_current_scene);
+	EnterScene(transition->in_scene_);
 
 	if (transition_)
 	{
@@ -159,72 +153,11 @@ void e2d::Game::PushScene(Transition * transition, bool save_current_scene)
 	}
 }
 
-e2d::Scene* e2d::Game::PopScene()
-{
-	// 栈为空时，调用返回场景函数失败
-	if (scenes_.size() == 0)
-	{
-		WARN("Scene stack Is empty!");
-		return nullptr;
-	}
-
-	next_scene_ = scenes_.top();
-	next_scene_->Release();
-	scenes_.pop();
-
-	return next_scene_;
-}
-
-e2d::Scene * e2d::Game::PopScene(Transition * transition)
-{
-	if (!transition)
-		return nullptr;
-
-	auto scene = PopScene();
-	if (scene)
-	{
-		if (transition_)
-		{
-			transition_->Stop();
-			transition_->Release();
-		}
-		transition_ = transition;
-		transition_->Retain();
-
-		transition_->in_scene_ = scene;
-		transition_->in_scene_->Retain();
-
-		// 初始化场景切换动画
-		if (!transition_->Init(this, curr_scene_))
-		{
-			WARN("Transition initialize failed!");
-			transition_->Release();
-			transition_ = nullptr;
-		}
-	}
-
-	return scene;
-}
-
-void e2d::Game::ClearAllScenes()
-{
-	while (!scenes_.empty())
-	{
-		scenes_.top()->Release();
-		scenes_.pop();
-	}
-}
-
 e2d::Scene * e2d::Game::GetCurrentScene()
 {
 	return curr_scene_;
 }
 
-const std::stack<e2d::Scene*>& e2d::Game::GetSceneStack()
-{
-	return scenes_;
-}
-
 bool e2d::Game::IsTransitioning() const
 {
 	return transition_ != nullptr;
@@ -252,10 +185,7 @@ void e2d::Game::UpdateScene()
 		if (curr_scene_)
 		{
 			curr_scene_->OnExit();
-			if (scenes_.empty() || scenes_.top() != curr_scene_)
-			{
-				curr_scene_->Release();
-			}
+			curr_scene_->Release();
 		}
 
 		next_scene_->OnEnter();
diff --git a/core/Base/Renderer.cpp b/core/Base/Renderer.cpp
index eeaa2d56..b9435530 100644
--- a/core/Base/Renderer.cpp
+++ b/core/Base/Renderer.cpp
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ void e2d::Renderer::EndDraw()
 
 		if (fps_text_layout_)
 		{
-			render_target_->SetTransform(D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Identity());
-			solid_brush_->SetOpacity(1.0f);
-			text_renderer_->SetTextStyle(
+			GetRenderTarget()->SetTransform(D2D1::Matrix3x2F::Identity());
+			GetSolidBrush()->SetOpacity(1.0f);
+			GetTextRenderer()->SetTextStyle(
 				D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White),
 				TRUE,
 				D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::Black, 0.4f),
@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@ void e2d::Renderer::EndDraw()
 		}
 	}
 
-	// 终止渲染
 	HRESULT hr = render_target_->EndDraw();
 
 	if (hr == D2DERR_RECREATE_TARGET)
@@ -150,10 +149,7 @@ void e2d::Renderer::EndDraw()
 		SafeRelease(render_target_);
 	}
 
-	if (FAILED(hr))
-	{
-		throw SystemException("Device loss recovery failed");
-	}
+	ThrowIfFailed(hr);
 }
 
 e2d::E2DTextRenderer * e2d::Renderer::GetTextRenderer()
diff --git a/core/e2dbase.h b/core/e2dbase.h
index 00232b1e..7b045b8a 100644
--- a/core/e2dbase.h
+++ b/core/e2dbase.h
@@ -345,34 +345,18 @@ public:
 	bool IsPaused();
 
 	// 场景入栈
-	void PushScene(
-		Scene * scene,					/* 下一个场景的指针 */
-		bool save_current_scene = true	/* 是否保存当前场景 */
+	void EnterScene(
+		Scene * scene			/* 下一个场景的指针 */
 	);
 
 	// 场景入栈
-	void PushScene(
-		Transition * transition,		/* 场景动画 */
-		bool save_current_scene = true	/* 是否保存当前场景 */
+	void EnterScene(
+		Transition * transition	/* 场景动画 */
 	);
 
-	// 场景出栈
-	Scene* PopScene();
-
-	// 场景出栈
-	Scene* PopScene(
-		Transition * transition			/* 场景动画 */
-	);
-
-	// 清空保存的所有场景
-	void ClearAllScenes();
-
 	// 获取当前场景
 	Scene * GetCurrentScene();
 
-	// 获取场景栈
-	const std::stack<Scene*>& GetSceneStack();
-
 	// 是否正在进行场景动画
 	bool IsTransitioning() const;
 
@@ -395,7 +379,6 @@ private:
 	Scene*			curr_scene_;
 	Scene*			next_scene_;
 	Transition*		transition_;
-	std::stack<Scene*> scenes_;
 
 	static Game * instance_;
 };