diff --git a/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.cpp b/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.cpp
index d5025254..ccfe6a28 100644
--- a/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiModule.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void ImGuiModule::SetupModule()
     // Setup Dear ImGui style
     ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
 
-    window_ = Application::GetInstance().GetMainWindow();
+    window_ = Application::GetInstance().GetWindow();
 
     // Setup Platform/Renderer bindings
     io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors;  // We can honor GetMouseCursor() values (optional)
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
index aa9a0694..1cbbd781 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 CanvasPtr Canvas::Create(const Size& size)
 {
-    void*     mem = memory::Alloc<Canvas>();
+    void*     mem = memory::Alloc(sizeof(Canvas));
     CanvasPtr ptr = ::new (mem) Canvas;
     if (ptr)
     {
diff --git a/src/kiwano/base/component/Button.cpp b/src/kiwano/base/component/Button.cpp
index c37e207b..a8150917 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/base/component/Button.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/base/component/Button.cpp
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ void Button::SetStatus(Status status)
 
         if (status == Status::Normal)
         {
-            Application::GetInstance().GetMainWindow()->SetCursor(CursorType::Arrow);
+            Application::GetInstance().GetWindow()->SetCursor(CursorType::Arrow);
 
             if (mouse_out_callback_)
                 mouse_out_callback_(this, GetBoundActor());
         }
         else if (status == Status::Hover)
         {
-            Application::GetInstance().GetMainWindow()->SetCursor(CursorType::Hand);
+            Application::GetInstance().GetWindow()->SetCursor(CursorType::Hand);
 
             if (old_status != Status::Pressed)
             {
diff --git a/src/kiwano/core/Allocator.cpp b/src/kiwano/core/Allocator.cpp
index 99c37088..2fe02281 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/core/Allocator.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/core/Allocator.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,26 @@ namespace memory
 
 MemoryAllocator* current_allocator_ = nullptr;
 
+MemoryAllocator* GetGlobalAllocator()
+{
+    class KGE_API GlobalAllocator : public MemoryAllocator
+    {
+    public:
+        virtual void* Alloc(size_t size) override
+        {
+            return ::operator new(size);
+        }
+
+        virtual void Free(void* ptr, size_t size) override
+        {
+            ::operator delete(ptr, size);
+        }
+    };
+
+    static GlobalAllocator global_allocator;
+    return &global_allocator;
+}
+
 MemoryAllocator* GetAllocator()
 {
     if (!current_allocator_)
@@ -42,21 +62,5 @@ void SetAllocator(MemoryAllocator* allocator)
     current_allocator_ = allocator;
 }
 
-GlobalAllocator* GetGlobalAllocator()
-{
-    static GlobalAllocator global_allocator;
-    return &global_allocator;
-}
-
-void* GlobalAllocator::Alloc(size_t size)
-{
-    return ::malloc(size);
-}
-
-void GlobalAllocator::Free(void* ptr)
-{
-    ::free(ptr);
-}
-
 }  // namespace memory
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/core/Allocator.h b/src/kiwano/core/Allocator.h
index f114290c..e733a963 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/core/Allocator.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/core/Allocator.h
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include <utility>
-#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>  // std::forward
+#include <limits>  // std::numeric_limits
+#include <memory>  // std::addressof
 #include <kiwano/macros.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 释放内存
-    virtual void Free(void* ptr) = 0;
+    virtual void Free(void* ptr, size_t size) = 0;
 };
 
 /// \~chinese
@@ -52,30 +53,32 @@ void SetAllocator(MemoryAllocator* allocator);
 
 /// \~chinese
 /// @brief 使用当前内存分配器分配内存
-template <typename _Ty>
-inline void* Alloc()
+inline void* Alloc(size_t size)
 {
-    return memory::GetAllocator()->Alloc(sizeof(_Ty));
+    return memory::GetAllocator()->Alloc(size);
 }
 
 /// \~chinese
 /// @brief 使用当前内存分配器释放内存
-inline void Free(void* ptr)
+inline void Free(void* ptr, size_t size)
 {
-    return memory::GetAllocator()->Free(ptr);
+    memory::GetAllocator()->Free(ptr, size);
 }
 
 /// \~chinese
-/// @brief 使用当前内存分配器创建对象
-template <typename _Ty>
-inline _Ty* New()
+/// @brief 构造对象
+template <typename _Ty, typename... _Args>
+inline _Ty* Construct(void* ptr, _Args&&... args)
 {
-    void* ptr = memory::Alloc<_Ty>();
-    if (ptr)
-    {
-        return ::new (ptr) _Ty;
-    }
-    return nullptr;
+    return ::new (ptr) _Ty(std::forward<_Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+/// \~chinese
+/// @brief 销毁对象
+template <typename _Ty, typename... _Args>
+inline void Destroy(_Ty* ptr)
+{
+    ptr->~_Ty();
 }
 
 /// \~chinese
@@ -83,10 +86,10 @@ inline _Ty* New()
 template <typename _Ty, typename... _Args>
 inline _Ty* New(_Args&&... args)
 {
-    void* ptr = memory::Alloc<_Ty>();
+    void* ptr = memory::Alloc(sizeof(_Ty));
     if (ptr)
     {
-        return ::new (ptr) _Ty(std::forward<_Args>(args)...);
+        return memory::Construct<_Ty>(ptr, std::forward<_Args>(args)...);
     }
     return nullptr;
 }
@@ -98,28 +101,119 @@ inline void Delete(_Ty* ptr)
 {
     if (ptr)
     {
-        ptr->~_Ty();
-        memory::Free(ptr);
+        memory::Destroy<_Ty>(ptr);
+        memory::Free(ptr, sizeof(_Ty));
     }
 }
 
+
 /// \~chinese
-/// @brief 全局内存分配器，使用malloc和free分配内存
-class KGE_API GlobalAllocator : public MemoryAllocator
+/// @brief 分配器
+template <typename _Ty>
+class Allocator
 {
 public:
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 申请内存
-    virtual void* Alloc(size_t size) override;
+    typedef _Ty        value_type;
+    typedef _Ty*       pointer;
+    typedef const _Ty* const_pointer;
+    typedef _Ty&       reference;
+    typedef const _Ty& const_reference;
 
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 释放内存
-    virtual void Free(void* ptr) override;
+    using size_type       = size_t;
+    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+
+    template <class _Other>
+    struct rebind
+    {
+        using other = Allocator<_Other>;
+    };
+
+    Allocator() noexcept {}
+
+    Allocator(const Allocator&) noexcept = default;
+
+    template <class _Other>
+    Allocator(const Allocator<_Other>&) noexcept
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline _Ty* allocate(size_t count)
+    {
+        if (count > 0)
+        {
+            return static_cast<_Ty*>(memory::Alloc(sizeof(_Ty) * count));
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    inline void* allocate(size_t count, const void*)
+    {
+        return allocate(count);
+    }
+
+    inline void deallocate(void* ptr, size_t count)
+    {
+        memory::Free(ptr, sizeof(_Ty) * count);
+    }
+
+    template <typename _UTy, typename... _Args>
+    inline void construct(_UTy* ptr, _Args&&... args)
+    {
+        memory::Construct<_UTy>(ptr, std::forward<_Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename _UTy>
+    inline void destroy(_UTy* ptr)
+    {
+        memory::Destroy<_UTy>(ptr);
+    }
+
+    size_t max_size() const noexcept
+    {
+        return std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max() / sizeof(_Ty);
+    }
+
+    _Ty* address(_Ty& val) const noexcept
+    {
+        return std::addressof(val);
+    }
+
+    const _Ty* address(const _Ty& val) const noexcept
+    {
+        return std::addressof(val);
+    }
 };
 
-/// \~chinese
-/// @brief 获取全局内存分配器
-GlobalAllocator* GetGlobalAllocator();
+// Allocator<void>
+template <>
+class Allocator<void>
+{
+public:
+    using value_type = void;
+    typedef void*       pointer;
+    typedef const void* const_pointer;
+
+    using size_type       = size_t;
+    using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+
+    template <class _Other>
+    struct rebind
+    {
+        using other = Allocator<_Other>;
+    };
+};
+
+template <class _Ty, class _Other>
+bool operator==(const Allocator<_Ty>&, const Allocator<_Other>&) noexcept
+{
+    return true;
+}
+
+template <class _Ty, class _Other>
+bool operator!=(const Allocator<_Ty>&, const Allocator<_Other>&) noexcept
+{
+    return false;
+}
 
 }  // namespace memory
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp b/src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp
index 3aeec82c..5a9edfc8 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Application.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,8 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #include <kiwano/platform/Application.h>
-#include <kiwano/platform/Input.h>
-#include <kiwano/base/Director.h>
 #include <kiwano/utils/Logger.h>
+#include <kiwano/base/Director.h>
 #include <kiwano/render/Renderer.h>
 #include <kiwano/render/TextureCache.h>
 #include <kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.h>
@@ -39,9 +38,6 @@ Application::Application()
     , is_paused_(false)
     , time_scale_(1.f)
 {
-    Use(Renderer::GetInstance());
-    Use(Input::GetInstance());
-    Use(Director::GetInstance());
 }
 
 Application::~Application()
@@ -49,25 +45,22 @@ Application::~Application()
     this->Destroy();
 }
 
-void Application::Run(RunnerPtr runner, bool debug)
+void Application::Run(RunnerPtr runner)
 {
     KGE_ASSERT(runner);
     runner_ = runner;
     running_ = true;
     is_paused_ = false;
 
+    // Initialize runner
+    runner->InitSettings();
+
     // Setup all modules
     for (auto c : modules_)
     {
         c->SetupModule();
     }
 
-    if (debug)
-    {
-        Director::GetInstance().ShowDebugInfo(true);
-        Renderer::GetInstance().GetContext().SetCollectingStatus(true);
-    }
-
     // Everything is ready
     runner->OnReady();
 
@@ -128,16 +121,19 @@ void Application::Destroy()
         runner_ = nullptr;
     }
 
-    // Clear all resources
+    // Clear user resources
     Director::GetInstance().ClearStages();
     ResourceCache::GetInstance().Clear();
-    TextureCache::GetInstance().Clear();
 
     for (auto iter = modules_.rbegin(); iter != modules_.rend(); ++iter)
     {
         (*iter)->DestroyModule();
     }
     modules_.clear();
+
+    // Clear device resources
+    TextureCache::GetInstance().Clear();
+    Renderer::GetInstance().Destroy();
 }
 
 void Application::Use(Module& module)
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Application.h b/src/kiwano/platform/Application.h
index f893e2bb..1107cde5 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Application.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Application.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public:
      * @param debug 是否启用调试模式
      * @note 该函数是阻塞的，应用程序结束时函数返回
      */
-    void Run(RunnerPtr runner, bool debug = false);
+    void Run(RunnerPtr runner);
 
     /**
      * \~chinese
@@ -99,9 +99,9 @@ public:
 
     /**
      * \~chinese
-     * @brief 获取主窗口
+     * @brief 获取窗口
      */
-    WindowPtr GetMainWindow() const;
+    WindowPtr GetWindow() const;
 
     /**
      * \~chinese
@@ -183,10 +183,10 @@ inline RunnerPtr Application::GetRunner() const
     return runner_;
 }
 
-inline WindowPtr Application::GetMainWindow() const
+inline WindowPtr Application::GetWindow() const
 {
     KGE_ASSERT(runner_);
-    return runner_->GetMainWindow();
+    return runner_->GetWindow();
 }
 
 inline TickerPtr Application::GetFrameTicker() const
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp b/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp
index d5519f22..a289b6a5 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.cpp
@@ -20,24 +20,25 @@
 
 #include <kiwano/utils/Logger.h>
 #include <kiwano/platform/Runner.h>
+#include <kiwano/platform/Input.h>
 #include <kiwano/platform/Application.h>
-
-#define KGE_MAX_SKIP_FRAMES 10
+#include <kiwano/render/Renderer.h>
+#include <kiwano/base/Director.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
 
-RunnerPtr Runner::Create(WindowPtr main_window)
+RunnerPtr Runner::Create(Settings settings)
 {
     RunnerPtr ptr = memory::New<Runner>();
     if (ptr)
     {
-        ptr->SetMainWindow(main_window);
+        ptr->SetSettings(settings);
     }
     return ptr;
 }
 
-RunnerPtr Runner::Create(WindowPtr main_window, Function<void()> on_ready, Function<void()> on_destroy)
+RunnerPtr Runner::Create(Settings settings, Function<void()> on_ready, Function<void()> on_destroy)
 {
     class CallbackRunner : public Runner
     {
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ RunnerPtr Runner::Create(WindowPtr main_window, Function<void()> on_ready, Funct
     {
         ptr->on_ready   = on_ready;
         ptr->on_destroy = on_destroy;
-        ptr->SetMainWindow(main_window);
+        ptr->SetSettings(settings);
     }
     return ptr;
 }
@@ -72,6 +73,36 @@ Runner::Runner() {}
 
 Runner::~Runner() {}
 
+void Runner::InitSettings()
+{
+    if (settings_.debug_mode)
+    {
+        // Show console window before creating main window
+        Logger::GetInstance().ShowConsole(true);
+    }
+
+    // Create game window
+    WindowPtr window =
+        Window::Create(settings_.title, settings_.width, settings_.height, settings_.icon, settings_.resizable);
+    SetWindow(window);
+
+    // Update renderer settings
+    Renderer::GetInstance().MakeContextForWindow(window);
+    Renderer::GetInstance().SetClearColor(settings_.bg_color);
+    Renderer::GetInstance().SetVSyncEnabled(settings_.vsync_enabled);
+
+    // Use defaut modules
+    Application::GetInstance().Use(Input::GetInstance());
+    Application::GetInstance().Use(Director::GetInstance());
+
+    // Enable debug mode
+    if (settings_.debug_mode)
+    {
+        Director::GetInstance().ShowDebugInfo(true);
+        Renderer::GetInstance().GetContext().SetCollectingStatus(true);
+    }
+}
+
 bool Runner::MainLoop(Duration dt)
 {
     if (!main_window_)
@@ -79,7 +110,7 @@ bool Runner::MainLoop(Duration dt)
 
     if (main_window_->ShouldClose())
     {
-        if (this->OnClosing())
+        if (this->OnClose())
             return false;
 
         main_window_->SetShouldClose(false);
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.h b/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.h
index c21801a9..db1a6d38 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Runner.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include <kiwano/core/Common.h>
 #include <kiwano/core/Time.h>
 #include <kiwano/platform/Window.h>
+#include <kiwano/render/Color.h>
+#include <kiwano/render/Texture.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
@@ -30,26 +32,52 @@ class Application;
 
 KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Runner);
 
+/**
+ * \~chinese
+ * @brief 游戏设置
+ */
+struct Settings
+{
+    uint32_t width;          ///< 窗口宽度
+    uint32_t height;         ///< 窗口高度
+    String   title;          ///< 窗口标题
+    uint32_t icon;           ///< 窗口图标
+    bool     resizable;      ///< 窗口大小可调整
+    Color    bg_color;       ///< 窗口背景色
+    bool     vsync_enabled;  ///< 垂直同步
+    bool     debug_mode;     ///< 调试模式
+
+    Settings()
+        : width(800)
+        , height(600)
+        , title("Kiwano")
+        , icon()
+        , resizable(false)
+        , bg_color(Color::Black)
+        , vsync_enabled(true)
+        , debug_mode(false)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
 /**
  * \~chinese
  * @brief 程序运行器
  */
 class KGE_API Runner : public ObjectBase
 {
-    friend class Application;
-
 public:
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建程序运行器
     /// @param main_window 主窗口
-    static RunnerPtr Create(WindowPtr main_window);
+    static RunnerPtr Create(Settings settings);
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 创建程序运行器
     /// @param main_window 主窗口
     /// @param on_ready 应用程序初始化完成后执行的回调函数
     /// @param on_destroy 应用程序销毁时执行的回调函数
-    static RunnerPtr Create(WindowPtr main_window, Function<void()> on_ready, Function<void()> on_destroy = nullptr);
+    static RunnerPtr Create(Settings settings, Function<void()> on_ready, Function<void()> on_destroy = nullptr);
 
     Runner();
 
@@ -69,7 +97,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief 应用程序关闭处理
     /// @details 重载该函数以处理用户关闭应用程序时的行为，如保存用户数据等
     /// @return 返回true允许用户关闭程序，否则阻止程序关闭
-    virtual bool OnClosing();
+    virtual bool OnClose();
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 应用程序主循环
@@ -79,14 +107,29 @@ public:
     virtual bool MainLoop(Duration dt);
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 获取主窗口
-    WindowPtr GetMainWindow() const;
+    /// @brief 获取窗口
+    WindowPtr GetWindow() const;
 
     /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 设置主窗口
-    void SetMainWindow(WindowPtr window);
+    /// @brief 设置窗口
+    void SetWindow(WindowPtr window);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 获取设置
+    Settings GetSettings() const;
+
+protected:
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 修改设置
+    void SetSettings(Settings settings);
 
 private:
+    friend class Application;
+
+    void InitSettings();
+
+private:
+    Settings  settings_;
     WindowPtr main_window_;
 };
 
@@ -94,19 +137,29 @@ inline void Runner::OnReady() {}
 
 inline void Runner::OnDestroy() {}
 
-inline bool Runner::OnClosing()
+inline bool Runner::OnClose()
 {
     return true;
 }
 
-inline WindowPtr Runner::GetMainWindow() const
+inline WindowPtr Runner::GetWindow() const
 {
     return main_window_;
 }
 
-inline void Runner::SetMainWindow(WindowPtr window)
+inline void Runner::SetWindow(WindowPtr window)
 {
     main_window_ = window;
 }
 
+inline Settings Runner::GetSettings() const
+{
+    return settings_;
+}
+
+inline void Runner::SetSettings(Settings settings)
+{
+    settings_ = settings;
+}
+
 }  // namespace kiwano
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/win32/WindowImpl.cpp b/src/kiwano/platform/win32/WindowImpl.cpp
index 1aba29ef..6cba0482 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/win32/WindowImpl.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/win32/WindowImpl.cpp
@@ -269,21 +269,6 @@ void WindowWin32Impl::Init(const String& title, uint32_t width, uint32_t height,
 
     ::ShowWindow(handle_, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
     ::UpdateWindow(handle_);
-
-    // Initialize Direct3D resources
-    auto d3d_res = graphics::directx::GetD3DDeviceResources();
-
-    HRESULT hr = d3d_res->Initialize(handle_);
-
-    // Initialize Direct2D resources
-    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-    {
-        auto d2d_res = graphics::directx::GetD2DDeviceResources();
-
-        hr = d2d_res->Initialize(d3d_res->GetDXGIDevice(), d3d_res->GetDXGISwapChain());
-    }
-
-    KGE_THROW_IF_FAILED(hr, "Create DirectX resources failed");
 }
 
 void WindowWin32Impl::PumpEvents()
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
index 49f496d8..571f9213 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.cpp
@@ -58,11 +58,41 @@ void RendererImpl::MakeContextForWindow(WindowPtr window)
     HWND target_window = window->GetHandle();
     output_size_       = window->GetSize();
 
-    d2d_res_ = graphics::directx::GetD2DDeviceResources();
-    d3d_res_ = graphics::directx::GetD3DDeviceResources();
-
     HRESULT hr = target_window ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
 
+    // Initialize Direct3D resources
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+    {
+        auto d3d_res = graphics::directx::GetD3DDeviceResources();
+
+        hr = d3d_res->Initialize(target_window);
+        if (FAILED(hr))
+        {
+            d3d_res->DiscardResources();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            d3d_res_ = d3d_res;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Initialize Direct2D resources
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+    {
+        auto d2d_res = graphics::directx::GetD2DDeviceResources();
+
+        hr = d2d_res->Initialize(d3d_res_->GetDXGIDevice(), d3d_res_->GetDXGISwapChain());
+        if (FAILED(hr))
+        {
+            d2d_res->DiscardResources();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            d2d_res_ = d2d_res;
+        }
+    }
+
+
     // Initialize other device resources
     if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
     {
@@ -114,15 +144,23 @@ void RendererImpl::Destroy()
 {
     KGE_SYS_LOG("Destroying device resources");
 
-    d2d_res_->GetDWriteFactory()->UnregisterFontFileLoader(res_font_file_loader_.Get());
-    res_font_file_loader_.Reset();
+    if (d2d_res_)
+    {
+        d2d_res_->GetDWriteFactory()->UnregisterFontFileLoader(res_font_file_loader_.Get());
+        res_font_file_loader_.Reset();
 
-    d2d_res_->GetDWriteFactory()->UnregisterFontCollectionLoader(res_font_collection_loader_.Get());
-    res_font_collection_loader_.Reset();
+        d2d_res_->GetDWriteFactory()->UnregisterFontCollectionLoader(res_font_collection_loader_.Get());
+        res_font_collection_loader_.Reset();
 
-    render_ctx_.Reset();
-    d2d_res_.Reset();
-    d3d_res_.Reset();
+        render_ctx_.Reset();
+        d2d_res_->DiscardResources();
+    }
+
+    if (d3d_res_)
+    {
+        d3d_res_->DiscardResources();
+        d3d_res_.Reset();
+    }
 
     ::CoUninitialize();
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
index edddaa45..8825d135 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/DirectX/RendererImpl.h
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ public:
 
     void Resize(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) override;
 
-protected:
-    RendererImpl();
-
     void MakeContextForWindow(WindowPtr window) override;
 
     void Destroy() override;
 
+protected:
+    RendererImpl();
+
 private:
     using ID2DDeviceResources = kiwano::graphics::directx::ID2DDeviceResources;
     using ID3DDeviceResources = kiwano::graphics::directx::ID3DDeviceResources;
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.cpp b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.cpp
index a95d65d4..ef165491 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.cpp
@@ -31,22 +31,6 @@ Renderer::Renderer()
 {
 }
 
-void Renderer::SetupModule()
-{
-    WindowPtr window = Application::GetInstance().GetMainWindow();
-    MakeContextForWindow(window);
-}
-
-void Renderer::DestroyModule()
-{
-    Destroy();
-}
-
-void Renderer::HandleEvent(Event* evt)
-{
-    // DO NOTHING
-}
-
 void Renderer::BeginDraw()
 {
     KGE_ASSERT(render_ctx_);
diff --git a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
index a42b3c7c..742cfb11 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/render/Renderer.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ namespace kiwano
  * \~chinese
  * @brief 渲染器
  */
-class KGE_API Renderer : public EventModule
+class KGE_API Renderer : public Noncopyable
 {
 public:
     /// \~chinese
@@ -235,20 +235,17 @@ public:
     /// @throw kiwano::SystemError 呈现失败时抛出
     virtual void Present() = 0;
 
-public:
-    void SetupModule() override;
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 为窗口创建渲染上下文
+    virtual void MakeContextForWindow(WindowPtr window) = 0;
 
-    void DestroyModule() override;
-
-    void HandleEvent(Event* evt) override;
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 销毁渲染器资源
+    virtual void Destroy() = 0;
 
 protected:
     Renderer();
 
-    virtual void MakeContextForWindow(WindowPtr window) = 0;
-
-    virtual void Destroy() = 0;
-
 protected:
     bool             vsync_;
     Color            clear_color_;
diff --git a/src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.cpp b/src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.cpp
index 1b70c758..1ad2c3a9 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ StringView Trim(StringView str)
         while (std::isspace(str[end - 1]))
             --end;
 
-        if (end - start)
+        if (end > start)
             return StringView(str.Data() + start, end - start);
     }
     return StringView();
@@ -158,16 +158,20 @@ bool ConfigIni::Save(std::ostream& os)
     std::sort(keys.begin(), keys.end());
 
     // Output to ini
-    for (const auto& key : keys)
+    std::ostream::sentry ok(os);
+    if (ok)
     {
-        os << '[' << key << ']' << std::endl;
-        for (const auto& pair : sections_[key])
+        for (const auto& key : keys)
         {
-            os << pair.first << " = " << pair.second << std::endl;
+            os << '[' << key << ']' << std::endl;
+            for (const auto& pair : sections_[key])
+            {
+                os << pair.first << " = " << pair.second << std::endl;
+            }
+            os << std::endl;
         }
-        os << std::endl;
     }
-    return false;
+    return !os.fail();
 }
 
 ConfigIni::SectionMap ConfigIni::GetSectionMap() const
@@ -177,23 +181,20 @@ ConfigIni::SectionMap ConfigIni::GetSectionMap() const
 
 ConfigIni::ValueMap ConfigIni::GetSection(const String& section) const
 {
-    auto iter = sections_.find(section);
-    if (iter != sections_.end())
-        return iter->second;
+    if (HasSection(section))
+    {
+        return sections_.at(section);
+    }
     return ValueMap();
 }
 
-String ConfigIni::GetString(const String& section_name, const String& key) const
+String ConfigIni::GetString(const String& section, const String& key, const String& default_value) const
 {
-    if (HasSection(section_name))
+    if (HasKey(section, key))
     {
-        const auto& section = sections_.at(section_name);
-
-        auto iter_key = section.find(key);
-        if (iter_key != section.end())
-            return iter_key->second;
+        return sections_.at(section).at(key);
     }
-    return String();
+    return default_value;
 }
 
 float ConfigIni::GetFloat(const String& section, const String& key, float default_value) const
@@ -274,7 +275,7 @@ bool ConfigIni::HasSection(const String& section) const
     return !!sections_.count(section);
 }
 
-bool ConfigIni::HasValue(const String& section, const String& key) const
+bool ConfigIni::HasKey(const String& section, const String& key) const
 {
     if (HasSection(section))
     {
@@ -324,6 +325,22 @@ void ConfigIni::SetBool(const String& section, const String& key, bool value)
     SetString(section, key, value ? "true" : "false");
 }
 
+void ConfigIni::DeleteSection(const String& section)
+{
+    if (HasSection(section))
+    {
+        sections_.erase(section);
+    }
+}
+
+void ConfigIni::DeleteKey(const String& section, const String& key)
+{
+    if (HasKey(section, key))
+    {
+        sections_.at(section).erase(key);
+    }
+}
+
 ConfigIni::ValueMap& ConfigIni::operator[](const String& section)
 {
     if (!HasSection(section))
diff --git a/src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.h b/src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.h
index e83434f2..07cc18a0 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/utils/ConfigIni.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ public:
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 键值字典
-    typedef Map<String, String> ValueMap;
+    typedef UnorderedMap<String, String> ValueMap;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief Section字典
@@ -65,6 +65,17 @@ public:
     /// @param os 输出流
     bool Save(std::ostream& os);
 
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 是否存在section
+    /// @param section section的名称
+    bool HasSection(const String& section) const;
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 是否存在值
+    /// @param section section的名称
+    /// @param key key的名称
+    bool HasKey(const String& section, const String& key) const;
+
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取所有section
     SectionMap GetSectionMap() const;
@@ -78,7 +89,7 @@ public:
     /// @brief 获取值
     /// @param section section的名称
     /// @param key key的名称
-    String GetString(const String& section, const String& key) const;
+    String GetString(const String& section, const String& key, const String& default_value = String()) const;
 
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 获取值
@@ -108,17 +119,6 @@ public:
     /// @param default_value 不存在时的默认值
     bool GetBool(const String& section, const String& key, bool default_value = false) const;
 
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 是否存在section
-    /// @param section section的名称
-    bool HasSection(const String& section) const;
-
-    /// \~chinese
-    /// @brief 是否存在值
-    /// @param section section的名称
-    /// @param key key的名称
-    bool HasValue(const String& section, const String& key) const;
-
     /// \~chinese
     /// @brief 设置所有section
     /// @param sections section字典
@@ -165,6 +165,17 @@ public:
     /// @param value 值
     void SetBool(const String& section, const String& key, bool value);
 
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 删除section
+    /// @param section section的名称
+    void DeleteSection(const String& section);
+
+    /// \~chinese
+    /// @brief 删除值
+    /// @param section section的名称
+    /// @param key key的名称
+    void DeleteKey(const String& section, const String& key);
+
     ValueMap& operator[](const String& section);
 
     const ValueMap& operator[](const String& section) const;