add: use intrusive pointers to solve memory management problems

minor improves

core/base/Action.cpp

@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
-// 
-// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-// 
-// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-// 
-// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-// THE SOFTWARE.
-
-#include "Action.h"
-#include "base.h"
-
-namespace easy2d
-{
-	Action::Action()
-		: running_(false), done_(false), initialized_(false), target_(nullptr)
-	{
-	}
-
-	Action::~Action()
-	{
-	}
-
-	bool Action::IsRunning()
-	{
-		return running_;
-	}
-
-	void Action::Resume()
-	{
-		running_ = true;
-	}
-
-	void Action::Pause()
-	{
-		running_ = false;
-	}
-
-	void Action::Stop()
-	{
-		done_ = true;
-	}
-
-	const String& Action::GetName() const
-	{
-		return name_;
-	}
-
-	void Action::SetName(const String& name)
-	{
-		name_ = name;
-	}
-
-	Node * Action::GetTarget()
-	{
-		return target_;
-	}
-
-	void Action::Reset()
-	{
-		initialized_ = false;
-		done_ = false;
-		started_ = time::Now();
-	}
-
-	bool Action::IsDone() const
-	{
-		return done_;
-	}
-
-	void Action::StartWithTarget(Node* target)
-	{
-		target_ = target;
-		running_ = true;
-		this->Reset();
-	}
-
-	void Action::Initialize()
-	{
-		initialized_ = true;
-		started_ = time::Now();
-	}
-
-	void Action::Update()
-	{
-		if (!initialized_)
-		{
-			Initialize();
-		}
-	}
-
-	void Action::ResetTime()
-	{
-	}
-}

core/base/Action.hpp

@@ -21,85 +21,86 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "base.h"
 #include "time.h"
-#include "RefCounter.h"
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
-	class Node;
-	class Loop;
-	class Sequence;
-	class Spawn;
-
-	// 基础动作
 	class Action
 		: public RefCounter
 	{
+		E2D_DISABLE_COPY(Action);
+
+		friend class Node;
 		friend class Loop;
 		friend class Sequence;
 		friend class Spawn;
 
-		E2D_DISABLE_COPY(Action);
-
 	public:
-		Action();
+		Action() : running_(false), done_(false), initialized_(false) {}
 
-		virtual ~Action();
+		virtual ~Action() {}
 
 		// 获取动作运行状态
-		virtual bool IsRunning();
+		inline bool IsRunning() { return running_; }
 
 		// 继续动作
-		virtual void Resume();
+		inline void Resume() { running_ = true; }
 
 		// 暂停动作
-		virtual void Pause();
+		inline void Pause() { running_ = false; }
 
 		// 停止动作
-		virtual void Stop();
+		inline void Stop() { done_ = true; }
 
 		// 获取动作名称
-		virtual const String& GetName() const;
+		inline const String& GetName() const { return name_; }
 
 		// 设置动作名称
-		virtual void SetName(
+		inline void SetName(const String& name) { name_ = name; }
-			const String& name
+
-		);
+		inline bool IsDone() const { return done_; }
 
 		// 获取动作的拷贝
-		virtual Action * Clone() const = 0;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const = 0;
 
 		// 获取动作的倒转
-		virtual Action * Reverse() const = 0;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const = 0;
 
 		// 重置动作
-		virtual void Reset();
+		virtual void Reset()
-
+		{
-		// 获取该动作的执行目标
+			initialized_ = false;
-		virtual Node * GetTarget();
+			done_ = false;
-
+			started_ = time::Now();
-		// 开始动作
+		}
-		virtual void StartWithTarget(
-			Node* target
-		);
-
-		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize();
-
-		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update();
-
-		// 重置动作时间
-		virtual void ResetTime();
-
-		// 获取动作结束状态
-		virtual bool IsDone() const;
 
 	protected:
-		String			name_;
+		virtual void Start()
-		bool			running_;
+		{
-		bool			done_;
+			running_ = true;
-		bool			initialized_;
+			this->Reset();
-		Node*			target_;
+		}
-		time::TimePoint	started_;
+
+		virtual void Init(Node* target)
+		{
+			initialized_ = true;
+			started_ = time::Now();
+		}
+
+		virtual void Update(Node* target)
+		{
+			if (!initialized_)
+			{
+				Init(target);
+			}
+		}
+
+		virtual void ResetTime() {}
+
+	protected:
+		String		name_;
+		bool		running_;
+		bool		done_;
+		bool		initialized_;
+		TimePoint	started_;
 	};
 }

core/base/ActionCombined.cpp

@@ -27,30 +27,25 @@ namespace easy2d
 	// Loop
 	//-------------------------------------------------------
 
-	Loop::Loop(Action * action, int times)
+	Loop::Loop(spAction const& action, int times)
 		: action_(action)
 		, times_(0)
 		, total_times_(times)
 	{
-		E2D_WARNING_IF(action == nullptr, "Loop NULL pointer exception!");
+		E2D_WARNING_IF(!action, "Loop NULL pointer exception!");
 
-		if (action)
+		action_ = action;
-		{
-			action_ = action;
-			action_->Retain();
-		}
 	}
 
 	Loop::~Loop()
 	{
-		SafeRelease(action_);
 	}
 
-	Loop * Loop::Clone() const
+	spAction Loop::Clone() const
 	{
 		if (action_)
 		{
-			return new Loop(action_->Clone());
+			return new (std::nothrow) Loop(action_->Clone());
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -58,11 +53,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	Loop * Loop::Reverse() const
+	spAction Loop::Reverse() const
 	{
 		if (action_)
 		{
-			return new Loop(action_->Clone());
+			return new (std::nothrow) Loop(action_->Clone());
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -70,20 +65,19 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Loop::Initialize()
+	void Loop::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Initialize();
+		Action::Init(target);
 
 		if (action_)
 		{
-			action_->target_ = target_;
+			action_->Init(target);
-			action_->Initialize();
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Loop::Update()
+	void Loop::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Update();
+		Action::Update(target);
 
 		if (times_ == total_times_)
 		{
@@ -93,7 +87,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		if (action_)
 		{
-			action_->Update();
+			action_->Update(target);
 
 			if (action_->IsDone())
 			{
@@ -140,33 +134,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	Sequence::~Sequence()
 	{
-		for (auto action : actions_)
-		{
-			SafeRelease(action);
-		}
 	}
 
-	void Sequence::Initialize()
+	void Sequence::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Initialize();
+		Action::Init(target);
-		// 将所有动作与目标绑定
+		actions_[0]->Init(target);
-		if (target_)
-		{
-			for (const auto& action : actions_)
-			{
-				action->target_ = target_;
-			}
-		}
-		// 初始化第一个动作
-		actions_[0]->Initialize();
 	}
 
-	void Sequence::Update()
+	void Sequence::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Update();
+		Action::Update(target);
 
 		auto &action = actions_[action_index_];
-		action->Update();
+		action->Update(target);
 
 		if (action->IsDone())
 		{
@@ -177,7 +158,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				actions_[action_index_]->Initialize();
+				actions_[action_index_]->Init(target);
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -200,12 +181,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Sequence::Add(Action * action)
+	void Sequence::Add(spAction const& action)
 	{
 		if (action)
 		{
 			actions_.push_back(action);
-			action->Retain();
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -217,30 +197,32 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	Sequence * Sequence::Clone() const
+	spAction Sequence::Clone() const
 	{
-		auto sequence = new Sequence();
+		auto sequence = new (std::nothrow) Sequence();
-		for (const auto& action : actions_)
+		if (sequence)
 		{
-			if (action)
+			for (const auto& action : actions_)
 			{
-				sequence->Add(action->Clone());
+				if (action)
+				{
+					sequence->Add(action->Clone());
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		return sequence;
 	}
 
-	Sequence * Sequence::Reverse() const
+	spAction Sequence::Reverse() const
 	{
-		auto sequence = new Sequence();
+		auto sequence = new (std::nothrow) Sequence();
 		if (sequence && !actions_.empty())
 		{
-			std::vector<Action*> newActions(actions_.size());
+			for (auto iter = actions_.crbegin(), crend = actions_.crend(); iter != crend; ++iter)
-			for (auto iter = actions_.crbegin(), iterCrend = actions_.crend(); iter != iterCrend; ++iter)
 			{
-				newActions.push_back((*iter)->Reverse());
+				if (*iter)
+					sequence->Add((*iter)->Reverse());
 			}
-			sequence->Add(newActions);
 		}
 		return sequence;
 	}
@@ -261,29 +243,24 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	Spawn::~Spawn()
 	{
-		for (auto action : actions_)
-		{
-			SafeRelease(action);
-		}
 	}
 
-	void Spawn::Initialize()
+	void Spawn::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Initialize();
+		Action::Init(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
 			for (const auto& action : actions_)
 			{
-				action->target_ = target_;
+				action->Init(target);
-				action->Initialize();
 			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Spawn::Update()
+	void Spawn::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Update();
+		Action::Update(target);
 
 		size_t done_num = 0;
 		for (const auto& action : actions_)
@@ -294,7 +271,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			}
 			else
 			{
-				action->Update();
+				action->Update(target);
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -321,12 +298,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Spawn::Add(Action * action)
+	void Spawn::Add(spAction const& action)
 	{
 		if (action)
 		{
 			actions_.push_back(action);
-			action->Retain();
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -338,30 +314,32 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	Spawn * Spawn::Clone() const
+	spAction Spawn::Clone() const
 	{
-		auto spawn = new Spawn();
+		auto spawn = new (std::nothrow) Spawn();
-		for (const auto& action : actions_)
+		if (spawn)
 		{
-			if (action)
+			for (const auto& action : actions_)
 			{
-				spawn->Add(action->Clone());
+				if (action)
+				{
+					spawn->Add(action->Clone());
+				}
 			}
 		}
 		return spawn;
 	}
 
-	Spawn * Spawn::Reverse() const
+	spAction Spawn::Reverse() const
 	{
-		auto spawn = new Spawn();
+		auto spawn = new (std::nothrow) Spawn();
 		if (spawn && !actions_.empty())
 		{
-			std::vector<Action*> newActions(actions_.size());
+			for (auto iter = actions_.crbegin(), crend = actions_.crend(); iter != crend; ++iter)
-			for (auto iter = actions_.crbegin(), iterCrend = actions_.crend(); iter != iterCrend; ++iter)
 			{
-				newActions.push_back((*iter)->Reverse());
+				if (*iter)
+					spawn->Add((*iter)->Reverse());
 			}
-			spawn->Add(newActions);
 		}
 		return spawn;
 	}

core/base/ActionCombined.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include "Action.h"
+#include "Action.hpp"
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
@@ -31,35 +31,35 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	public:
 		explicit Loop(
-			Action * action,	/* 执行循环的动作 */
+			spAction const& action,	/* 执行循环的动作 */
-			int times = -1		/* 循环次数 */
+			int times = -1			/* 循环次数 */
 		);
 
 		virtual ~Loop();
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual Loop * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual Loop * Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 		// 重置动作
 		virtual void Reset() override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 重置动作时间
 		virtual void ResetTime() override;
 
 	protected:
-		Action * action_;
+		spAction	action_;
-		int times_;
+		int			times_;
-		int total_times_;
+		int			total_times_;
 	};
 
 
@@ -70,8 +70,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 		E2D_DISABLE_COPY(Sequence);
 
 	public:
-		typedef std::vector<Action*> Actions;
-
 		Sequence();
 
 		explicit Sequence(
@@ -82,7 +80,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 在结尾添加动作
 		void Add(
-			Action * action
+			spAction const& action
 		);
 
 		// 在结尾添加多个动作
@@ -91,20 +89,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual Sequence * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual Sequence * Reverse() const;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 		// 重置动作
 		virtual void Reset() override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 重置动作时间
 		virtual void ResetTime() override;
@@ -122,8 +120,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 		E2D_DISABLE_COPY(Spawn);
 
 	public:
-		typedef std::vector<Action*> Actions;
-
 		Spawn();
 
 		explicit Spawn(
@@ -134,7 +130,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 在结尾添加动作
 		void Add(
-			Action * action
+			spAction const& action
 		);
 
 		// 在结尾添加多个动作
@@ -143,20 +139,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual Spawn * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual Spawn * Reverse() const;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const;
 
 		// 重置动作
 		virtual void Reset() override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 重置动作时间
 		virtual void ResetTime() override;

core/base/ActionFiniteTime.cpp

@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		delta_ = 0;
 	}
 
-	void FiniteTimeAction::Initialize()
+	void FiniteTimeAction::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Initialize();
+		Action::Init(target);
 	}
 
-	void FiniteTimeAction::Update()
+	void FiniteTimeAction::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Update();
+		Action::Update(target);
 
 		if (duration_ == 0)
 		{
@@ -83,41 +83,41 @@ namespace easy2d
 		delta_pos_ = vector;
 	}
 
-	void MoveBy::Initialize()
+	void MoveBy::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Initialize();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Init(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			prev_pos_ = start_pos_ = target_->GetPosition();
+			prev_pos_ = start_pos_ = target->GetPosition();
 		}
 	}
 
-	void MoveBy::Update()
+	void MoveBy::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Update();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Update(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			Point currentPos = target_->GetPosition();
+			Point currentPos = target->GetPosition();
 			Point diff = currentPos - prev_pos_;
 			start_pos_ = start_pos_ + diff;
 
 			Point newPos = start_pos_ + (delta_pos_ * delta_);
-			target_->SetPosition(newPos);
+			target->SetPosition(newPos);
 
 			prev_pos_ = newPos;
 		}
 	}
 
-	MoveBy * MoveBy::Clone() const
+	spAction MoveBy::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new MoveBy(duration_, delta_pos_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) MoveBy(duration_, delta_pos_);
 	}
 
-	MoveBy * MoveBy::Reverse() const
+	spAction MoveBy::Reverse() const
 	{
-		return new MoveBy(duration_, -delta_pos_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) MoveBy(duration_, -delta_pos_);
 	}
 
 	MoveTo::MoveTo(float duration, Point pos)
@@ -126,14 +126,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		end_pos_ = pos;
 	}
 
-	MoveTo * MoveTo::Clone() const
+	spAction MoveTo::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new MoveTo(duration_, end_pos_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) MoveTo(duration_, end_pos_);
 	}
 
-	void MoveTo::Initialize()
+	void MoveTo::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		MoveBy::Initialize();
+		MoveBy::Init(target);
 		delta_pos_ = end_pos_ - start_pos_;
 	}
 
@@ -150,44 +150,44 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	JumpBy * JumpBy::Clone() const
+	spAction JumpBy::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new JumpBy(duration_, delta_pos_, height_, jumps_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) JumpBy(duration_, delta_pos_, height_, jumps_);
 	}
 
-	JumpBy * JumpBy::Reverse() const
+	spAction JumpBy::Reverse() const
 	{
-		return new JumpBy(duration_, -delta_pos_, height_, jumps_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) JumpBy(duration_, -delta_pos_, height_, jumps_);
 	}
 
-	void JumpBy::Initialize()
+	void JumpBy::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Initialize();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Init(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			prev_pos_ = start_pos_ = target_->GetPosition();
+			prev_pos_ = start_pos_ = target->GetPosition();
 		}
 	}
 
-	void JumpBy::Update()
+	void JumpBy::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Update();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Update(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
 			float frac = fmod(delta_ * jumps_, 1.f);
 			float x = delta_pos_.x * delta_;
 			float y = height_ * 4 * frac * (1 - frac);
 			y += delta_pos_.y * delta_;
 
-			Point currentPos = target_->GetPosition();
+			Point currentPos = target->GetPosition();
 
 			Point diff = currentPos - prev_pos_;
 			start_pos_ = diff + start_pos_;
 
 			Point newPos = start_pos_ + Point(x, y);
-			target_->SetPosition(newPos);
+			target->SetPosition(newPos);
 
 			prev_pos_ = newPos;
 		}
@@ -199,14 +199,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	JumpTo * JumpTo::Clone() const
+	spAction JumpTo::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new JumpTo(duration_, end_pos_, height_, jumps_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) JumpTo(duration_, end_pos_, height_, jumps_);
 	}
 
-	void JumpTo::Initialize()
+	void JumpTo::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		JumpBy::Initialize();
+		JumpBy::Init(target);
 		delta_pos_ = end_pos_ - start_pos_;
 	}
 
@@ -229,35 +229,35 @@ namespace easy2d
 		delta_y_ = scale_y;
 	}
 
-	void ScaleBy::Initialize()
+	void ScaleBy::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Initialize();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Init(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			start_scale_x_ = target_->GetScaleX();
+			start_scale_x_ = target->GetScaleX();
-			start_scale_y_ = target_->GetScaleY();
+			start_scale_y_ = target->GetScaleY();
 		}
 	}
 
-	void ScaleBy::Update()
+	void ScaleBy::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Update();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Update(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			target_->SetScale(start_scale_x_ + delta_x_ * delta_, start_scale_y_ + delta_y_ * delta_);
+			target->SetScale(start_scale_x_ + delta_x_ * delta_, start_scale_y_ + delta_y_ * delta_);
 		}
 	}
 
-	ScaleBy * ScaleBy::Clone() const
+	spAction ScaleBy::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new ScaleBy(duration_, delta_x_, delta_y_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) ScaleBy(duration_, delta_x_, delta_y_);
 	}
 
-	ScaleBy * ScaleBy::Reverse() const
+	spAction ScaleBy::Reverse() const
 	{
-		return new ScaleBy(duration_, -delta_x_, -delta_y_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) ScaleBy(duration_, -delta_x_, -delta_y_);
 	}
 
 	ScaleTo::ScaleTo(float duration, float scale)
@@ -274,14 +274,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		end_scale_y_ = scale_y;
 	}
 
-	ScaleTo * ScaleTo::Clone() const
+	spAction ScaleTo::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new ScaleTo(duration_, end_scale_x_, end_scale_y_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) ScaleTo(duration_, end_scale_x_, end_scale_y_);
 	}
 
-	void ScaleTo::Initialize()
+	void ScaleTo::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		ScaleBy::Initialize();
+		ScaleBy::Init(target);
 		delta_x_ = end_scale_x_ - start_scale_x_;
 		delta_y_ = end_scale_y_ - start_scale_y_;
 	}
@@ -297,34 +297,34 @@ namespace easy2d
 		delta_val_ = opacity;
 	}
 
-	void OpacityBy::Initialize()
+	void OpacityBy::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Initialize();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Init(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			start_val_ = target_->GetOpacity();
+			start_val_ = target->GetOpacity();
 		}
 	}
 
-	void OpacityBy::Update()
+	void OpacityBy::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Update();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Update(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			target_->SetOpacity(start_val_ + delta_val_ * delta_);
+			target->SetOpacity(start_val_ + delta_val_ * delta_);
 		}
 	}
 
-	OpacityBy * OpacityBy::Clone() const
+	spAction OpacityBy::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new OpacityBy(duration_, delta_val_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) OpacityBy(duration_, delta_val_);
 	}
 
-	OpacityBy * OpacityBy::Reverse() const
+	spAction OpacityBy::Reverse() const
 	{
-		return new OpacityBy(duration_, -delta_val_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) OpacityBy(duration_, -delta_val_);
 	}
 
 	OpacityTo::OpacityTo(float duration, float opacity)
@@ -333,14 +333,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		end_val_ = opacity;
 	}
 
-	OpacityTo * OpacityTo::Clone() const
+	spAction OpacityTo::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new OpacityTo(duration_, end_val_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) OpacityTo(duration_, end_val_);
 	}
 
-	void OpacityTo::Initialize()
+	void OpacityTo::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		OpacityBy::Initialize();
+		OpacityBy::Init(target);
 		delta_val_ = end_val_ - start_val_;
 	}
 
@@ -365,34 +365,34 @@ namespace easy2d
 		delta_val_ = rotation;
 	}
 
-	void RotateBy::Initialize()
+	void RotateBy::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Initialize();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Init(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			start_val_ = target_->GetRotation();
+			start_val_ = target->GetRotation();
 		}
 	}
 
-	void RotateBy::Update()
+	void RotateBy::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		FiniteTimeAction::Update();
+		FiniteTimeAction::Update(target);
 
-		if (target_)
+		if (target)
 		{
-			target_->SetRotation(start_val_ + delta_val_ * delta_);
+			target->SetRotation(start_val_ + delta_val_ * delta_);
 		}
 	}
 
-	RotateBy * RotateBy::Clone() const
+	spAction RotateBy::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new RotateBy(duration_, delta_val_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) RotateBy(duration_, delta_val_);
 	}
 
-	RotateBy * RotateBy::Reverse() const
+	spAction RotateBy::Reverse() const
 	{
-		return new RotateBy(duration_, -delta_val_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) RotateBy(duration_, -delta_val_);
 	}
 
 	RotateTo::RotateTo(float duration, float rotation)
@@ -401,14 +401,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		end_val_ = rotation;
 	}
 
-	RotateTo * RotateTo::Clone() const
+	spAction RotateTo::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new RotateTo(duration_, end_val_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) RotateTo(duration_, end_val_);
 	}
 
-	void RotateTo::Initialize()
+	void RotateTo::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		RotateBy::Initialize();
+		RotateBy::Init(target);
 		delta_val_ = end_val_ - start_val_;
 	}
 
@@ -429,14 +429,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		delta_ = 0;
 	}
 
-	void Delay::Initialize()
+	void Delay::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Initialize();
+		Action::Init(target);
 	}
 
-	void Delay::Update()
+	void Delay::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Update();
+		Action::Update(target);
 
 		delta_ = (time::Now() - started_).Seconds();
 
@@ -452,13 +452,13 @@ namespace easy2d
 		started_ = time::Now() - time::Second * delta_;
 	}
 
-	Delay * Delay::Clone() const
+	spAction Delay::Clone() const
 	{
-		return new Delay(delay_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) Delay(delay_);
 	}
 
-	Delay * Delay::Reverse() const
+	spAction Delay::Reverse() const
 	{
-		return new Delay(delay_);
+		return new (std::nothrow) Delay(delay_);
 	}
 }

core/base/ActionFiniteTime.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include "Action.h"
+#include "Action.hpp"
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
@@ -40,10 +40,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 重置动作时间
 		virtual void ResetTime() override;
@@ -67,17 +67,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual MoveBy * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual MoveBy * Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		Point	start_pos_;
@@ -99,10 +99,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual MoveTo * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual MoveTo * Reverse() const override
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override
 		{
 			E2D_WARNING("Reverse() not supported in MoveTo");
 			return nullptr;
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		Point end_pos_;
@@ -132,17 +132,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual JumpBy * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual JumpBy * Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		Point	start_pos_;
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual JumpTo * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual JumpTo * Reverse() const override
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override
 		{
 			E2D_WARNING("Reverse() not supported in JumpTo");
 			return nullptr;
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		Point end_pos_;
@@ -205,17 +205,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual ScaleBy * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual ScaleBy * Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		float	start_scale_x_;
@@ -244,10 +244,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual ScaleTo * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual ScaleTo * Reverse() const override
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override
 		{
 			E2D_WARNING("Reverse() not supported in ScaleTo");
 			return nullptr;
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		float	end_scale_x_;
@@ -276,17 +276,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual OpacityBy * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual OpacityBy * Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		float start_val_;
@@ -307,10 +307,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual OpacityTo * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual OpacityTo * Reverse() const override
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override
 		{
 			E2D_WARNING("Reverse() not supported in OpacityTo");
 			return nullptr;
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		float end_val_;
@@ -366,17 +366,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual RotateBy * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual RotateBy * Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		float start_val_;
@@ -397,10 +397,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual RotateTo * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual RotateTo * Reverse() const override
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override
 		{
 			E2D_WARNING("Reverse() not supported in RotateTo");
 			return nullptr;
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 	protected:
 		float end_val_;
@@ -427,20 +427,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual Delay * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual Delay * Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 		// 重置动作
 		virtual void Reset() override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 重置动作时间
 		virtual void ResetTime() override;

core/base/Animation.cpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	Animate::Animate(Animation * animation)
+	Animate::Animate(spAnimation const& animation)
 		: frame_index_(0)
 		, animation_(nullptr)
 	{
@@ -42,43 +42,37 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	Animate::~Animate()
 	{
-		SafeRelease(animation_);
 	}
 
-	Animation * Animate::GetAnimation() const
+	spAnimation Animate::GetAnimation() const
 	{
 		return animation_;
 	}
 
-	void Animate::SetAnimation(Animation * animation)
+	void Animate::SetAnimation(spAnimation const& animation)
 	{
 		if (animation && animation != animation_)
 		{
-			if (animation_)
-			{
-				animation_->Release();
-			}
 			animation_ = animation;
-			animation_->Retain();
 			frame_index_ = 0;
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Animate::Initialize()
+	void Animate::Init(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Initialize();
+		Action::Init(target);
 
-		auto target = dynamic_cast<Sprite*>(target_);
+		auto sprite_target = dynamic_cast<Sprite*>(target);
-		if (target && animation_)
+		if (sprite_target && animation_)
 		{
-			target->Load(animation_->GetFrames()[frame_index_]);
+			sprite_target->Load(animation_->GetFrames()[frame_index_]);
 			++frame_index_;
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Animate::Update()
+	void Animate::Update(Node* target)
 	{
-		Action::Update();
+		Action::Update(target);
 
 		if (!animation_)
 		{
@@ -89,11 +83,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 		while ((time::Now() - started_).Seconds() >= animation_->GetInterval())
 		{
 			auto& frames = animation_->GetFrames();
-			auto target = dynamic_cast<Sprite*>(target_);
+			auto sprite_target = dynamic_cast<Sprite*>(target);
 
-			if (target)
+			if (sprite_target)
 			{
-				target->Load(frames[frame_index_]);
+				sprite_target->Load(frames[frame_index_]);
 			}
 
 			started_ += time::Second * animation_->GetInterval();
@@ -118,23 +112,23 @@ namespace easy2d
 		frame_index_ = 0;
 	}
 
-	Animate * Animate::Clone() const
+	spAction Animate::Clone() const
 	{
 		if (animation_)
 		{
-			return new Animate(animation_);
+			return new (std::nothrow) Animate(animation_);
 		}
 		return nullptr;
 	}
 
-	Animate * Animate::Reverse() const
+	spAction Animate::Reverse() const
 	{
 		if (animation_)
 		{
 			auto animation = animation_->Reverse();
 			if (animation)
 			{
-				return new Animate(animation);
+				return new (std::nothrow) Animate(animation);
 			}
 		}
 		return nullptr;
@@ -169,10 +163,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	Animation::~Animation()
 	{
-		for (auto frame : frames_)
-		{
-			SafeRelease(frame);
-		}
 	}
 
 	void Animation::SetInterval(float interval)
@@ -180,13 +170,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 		interval_ = std::max(interval, 0.f);
 	}
 
-	void Animation::Add(Image * frame)
+	void Animation::Add(spImage const& frame)
 	{
-		E2D_WARNING_IF(frame == nullptr, "Animation::Add failed, frame Is nullptr.");
+		E2D_WARNING_IF(!frame, "Animation::Add failed, frame Is nullptr.");
 		if (frame)
 		{
 			frames_.push_back(frame);
-			frame->Retain();
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -203,14 +192,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return interval_;
 	}
 
-	const Animation::Images& Animation::GetFrames() const
+	const Images& Animation::GetFrames() const
 	{
 		return frames_;
 	}
 
-	Animation * Animation::Clone() const
+	spAnimation Animation::Clone() const
 	{
-		auto animation = new Animation(interval_);
+		auto animation = new (std::nothrow) Animation(interval_);
 		if (animation)
 		{
 			for (const auto& frame : frames_)
@@ -221,26 +210,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return animation;
 	}
 
-	Animation * Animation::Reverse() const
+	spAnimation Animation::Reverse() const
 	{
-		auto& oldFrames = this->GetFrames();
+		auto animation = new (std::nothrow) Animation(interval_);
-		Images frames(oldFrames.size());
+		if (!frames_.empty())
-
-		if (!oldFrames.empty())
 		{
-			for (auto iter = oldFrames.crbegin(),
+			for (auto iter = frames_.crbegin(), crend = frames_.crend(); iter != crend; ++iter)
-				iterCrend = oldFrames.crend();
-				iter != iterCrend;
-				++iter)
 			{
-				Image* frame = *iter;
+				if (*iter)
-				if (frame)
+					animation->Add(*iter);
-				{
-					frames.push_back(frame);
-				}
 			}
 		}
-
+		return animation;
-		return new Animation(this->GetInterval(), frames);
 	}
 }

core/base/Animation.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include "Action.h"
+#include "Action.hpp"
 #include "Image.h"
 
 namespace easy2d
@@ -31,8 +31,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 		E2D_DISABLE_COPY(Animation);
 
 	public:
-		typedef std::vector<Image*> Images;
-
 		Animation();
 
 		explicit Animation(
@@ -52,7 +50,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 添加关键帧
 		void Add(
-			Image * frame			/* ¹Ø¼üÖ¡ */
+			spImage const& frame	/* ¹Ø¼üÖ¡ */
 		);
 
 		// 添加多个关键帧
@@ -72,10 +70,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取帧动画的拷贝对象
-		Animation * Clone() const;
+		spAnimation Clone() const;
 
 		// 获取帧动画的倒转
-		Animation * Reverse() const;
+		spAnimation Reverse() const;
 
 	protected:
 		float	interval_;
@@ -93,40 +91,40 @@ namespace easy2d
 		Animate();
 
 		explicit Animate(
-			Animation * animation
+			spAnimation const& animation
 		);
 
 		virtual ~Animate();
 
 		// 获取动画
-		virtual Animation * GetAnimation() const;
+		spAnimation GetAnimation() const;
 
 		// 设置动画
-		virtual void SetAnimation(
+		void SetAnimation(
-			Animation * animation
+			spAnimation const& animation
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual Animate * Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual Animate * Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 		// 重置动作
 		virtual void Reset() override;
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node* target) override;
 
 		// 重置动作时间
 		virtual void ResetTime() override;
 
 	protected:
 		UINT frame_index_;
-		Animation * animation_;
+		spAnimation animation_;
 	};
 }

core/base/BaseTypes.h

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include "macros.h"
-#include "../math/vector.hpp"
 #include "Color.h"
 #include "Size.h"
 #include "Rect.hpp"
+#include "../math/vector.hpp"
 
 namespace easy2d
 {

core/base/CallFunc.cpp

@@ -27,21 +27,21 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	CallFunc * CallFunc::Clone() const
+	spAction CallFunc::Clone() const
 	{
 		return new CallFunc(callback_);
 	}
 
-	CallFunc * CallFunc::Reverse() const
+	spAction CallFunc::Reverse() const
 	{
 		return new CallFunc(callback_);
 	}
 
-	void CallFunc::Initialize()
+	void CallFunc::Init(Node*)
 	{
 	}
 
-	void CallFunc::Update()
+	void CallFunc::Update(Node*)
 	{
 		callback_();
 		this->Stop();

core/base/CallFunc.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include "Action.h"
+#include "Action.hpp"
 #include <functional>
 
 namespace easy2d
@@ -38,17 +38,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取该动作的拷贝对象
-		virtual CallFunc *Clone() const override;
+		virtual spAction Clone() const override;
 
 		// 获取该动作的倒转
-		virtual CallFunc *Reverse() const override;
+		virtual spAction Reverse() const override;
 
 	  protected:
 		// 初始化动作
-		virtual void Initialize() override;
+		virtual void Init(Node*) override;
 
 		// 更新动作
-		virtual void Update() override;
+		virtual void Update(Node*) override;
 
 	  protected:
 		Callback callback_;

core/base/Game.cpp

@@ -39,33 +39,37 @@ namespace easy2d
 		, curr_scene_(nullptr)
 		, next_scene_(nullptr)
 		, transition_(nullptr)
-		, debug_mode_(false)
+		, debug_enabled_(false)
+		, initialized_(false)
 	{
 		::CoInitialize(nullptr);
 	}
 
+	Game::Game(Options const & options)
+		: Game()
+	{
+		Init(options);
+	}
+
 	Game::~Game()
 	{
-		SafeRelease(transition_);
-		SafeRelease(curr_scene_);
-		SafeRelease(next_scene_);
-
 		::CoUninitialize();
 	}
 
-	void Game::Initialize(const Options& options)
+	void Game::Init(const Options& options)
 	{
-		debug_mode_ = options.debug;
+		if (initialized_)
+			return;
 
-		Window::Instance().Initialize(options.title, options.width, options.height, options.icon, debug_mode_);
+		debug_enabled_ = options.debug;
-		devices::Graphics::Instance().Initialize(Window::Instance().GetHandle(), debug_mode_);
+
-		devices::Input::Instance().Initialize(debug_mode_);
+		Window::Instance().Init(options.title, options.width, options.height, options.icon, debug_enabled_);
-		devices::Audio::Instance().Initialize(debug_mode_);
+		devices::Graphics::Instance().Init(Window::Instance().GetHandle(), debug_enabled_);
+		devices::Input::Instance().Init(debug_enabled_);
+		devices::Audio::Instance().Init(debug_enabled_);
 
-		// 若开启了调试模式，打开控制台
 		HWND console = ::GetConsoleWindow();
-		// 关闭控制台
+		if (debug_enabled_)
-		if (debug_mode_)
 		{
 			if (console == nullptr)
 			{
@@ -97,6 +101,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 			GWLP_USERDATA,
 			PtrToUlong(this)
 		);
+
+		initialized_ = true;
 	}
 
 	void Game::Run()
@@ -110,12 +116,13 @@ namespace easy2d
 			next_scene_ = nullptr;
 		}
 
-		::ShowWindow(Window::Instance().GetHandle(), SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+		const auto& window = Window::Instance();
-		::UpdateWindow(Window::Instance().GetHandle());
+		::ShowWindow(window.GetHandle(), SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+		::UpdateWindow(window.GetHandle());
 
 		const int64_t min_interval = 5;
 		auto last = time::Now();
-		MSG msg = { 0 };
+		MSG msg = {};
 
 		while (!quit_)
 		{
@@ -128,12 +135,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 				last = now;
 
 				devices::Input::Instance().Update(
-					Window::Instance().GetHandle(),
+					window.GetHandle(),
-					Window::Instance().GetContentScaleX(),
+					window.GetContentScaleX(),
-					Window::Instance().GetContentScaleY()
+					window.GetContentScaleY()
 				);
 
-				OnUpdate(dt);
 				UpdateScene(dt);
 				DrawScene();
 
@@ -162,9 +168,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 		quit_ = true;
 	}
 
-	void Game::EnterScene(Scene * scene, Transition * transition)
+	void Game::EnterScene(spScene const& scene, spTransition const& transition)
 	{
-		if (scene == nullptr)
+		if (!scene)
 		{
 			E2D_WARNING("Next scene is null pointer!");
 			return;
@@ -172,45 +178,37 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		if (curr_scene_ == scene) { return; }
 
-		if (next_scene_)
-		{
-			next_scene_->Release();
-		}
 		next_scene_ = scene;
-		next_scene_->Retain();
 
 		if (transition)
 		{
 			if (transition_)
 			{
 				transition_->Stop();
-				transition_->Release();
 			}
 			transition_ = transition;
-			transition_->Retain();
+			transition_->Init(curr_scene_, next_scene_);
-
-			transition_->Initialize(curr_scene_, next_scene_, this);
 		}
 	}
 
-	Scene * Game::GetCurrentScene()
+	spScene const& Game::GetCurrentScene()
 	{
 		return curr_scene_;
 	}
 
 	bool Game::IsTransitioning() const
 	{
-		return transition_ != nullptr;
+		return transition_;
 	}
 
 	void Game::UpdateScene(float dt)
 	{
-		auto update = [&](Scene * scene) -> void
+		auto update = [&](spScene const& scene) -> void
 		{
 			if (scene)
 			{
 				scene->OnUpdate(dt);
-				Node * root = scene->GetRoot();
+				spNode const& root = scene->GetRoot();
 				if (root)
 				{
 					root->UpdateChildren(dt);
@@ -227,7 +225,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 			if (transition_->IsDone())
 			{
-				transition_->Release();
 				transition_ = nullptr;
 			}
 			else
@@ -241,7 +238,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 			if (curr_scene_)
 			{
 				curr_scene_->OnExit();
-				curr_scene_->Release();
 			}
 
 			next_scene_->OnEnter();
@@ -265,7 +261,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			curr_scene_->Draw();
 		}
 
-		if (debug_mode_)
+		if (debug_enabled_)
 		{
 			if (curr_scene_ && curr_scene_->GetRoot())
 			{

core/base/Game.h

@@ -21,12 +21,11 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "base.h"
 #include "window.h"
+#include "Scene.h"
+#include "Transition.h"
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
-	class Scene;
-	class Transition;
-
 	struct Options
 	{
 		String	title;	/* 标题 */
@@ -52,10 +51,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 	public:
 		Game();
 
-		virtual ~Game();
+		Game(
+			Options const& options
+		);
 
-		// 更新时
+		virtual ~Game();
-		virtual void OnUpdate(float dt) {}
 
 		// 退出时
 		virtual void OnExit() {}
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ namespace easy2d
 		virtual bool OnClose() { return true; }
 
 		// 初始化
-		void Initialize(
+		void Init(
-			const Options& options	/* 属性 */
+			Options const& options
 		);
 
 		// 运行
@@ -77,29 +77,27 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 切换场景
 		void EnterScene(
-			Scene * scene,						/* 场景 */
+			spScene const& scene,						/* 场景 */
-			Transition * transition	= nullptr	/* 场景动画 */
+			spTransition const& transition = nullptr	/* 场景动画 */
 		);
 
 		// 获取当前场景
-		Scene * GetCurrentScene();
+		spScene const& GetCurrentScene();
 
-		// 是否正在进行场景过渡
 		bool IsTransitioning() const;
 
-		// 渲染场景画面
 		void DrawScene();
 
-		// 更新场景
 		void UpdateScene(
 			float dt
 		);
 
 	private:
-		bool		debug_mode_;
+		bool			initialized_;
-		bool		quit_;
+		bool			debug_enabled_;
-		Scene*		curr_scene_;
+		bool			quit_;
-		Scene*		next_scene_;
+		spScene			curr_scene_;
-		Transition*	transition_;
+		spScene			next_scene_;
+		spTransition	transition_;
 	};
 }

core/base/Image.cpp

@@ -192,10 +192,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (bitmap_ == bitmap)
 			return;
 
-		if (bitmap_)
+		SafeRelease(bitmap_);
-		{
-			bitmap_->Release();
-		}
 
 		if (bitmap)
 		{

core/base/Image.h

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "base.h"
 #include "Resource.h"
-#include "RefCounter.h"
 
 namespace easy2d
 {

core/base/Input.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 		}
 
-		void InputDevice::Initialize(bool debug)
+		void InputDevice::Init(bool debug)
 		{
 			if (initialized)
 				return;

core/base/Input.h

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			E2D_DISABLE_COPY(InputDevice);
 
 		public:
-			void Initialize(bool debug);
+			void Init(bool debug);
 
 			// 检测键盘某按键是否正被按下
 			bool IsDown(

core/base/IntrusivePtr.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2016-2018 Easy2D - Nomango
+// 
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining lhs copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+// 
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+// all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+// 
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+// THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#pragma once
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace easy2d
+{
+	template <typename T>
+	class IntrusivePtr
+	{
+		using ElemType = T;
+
+		ElemType* ptr_{ nullptr };
+
+	public:
+		IntrusivePtr() {}
+
+		IntrusivePtr(nullptr_t) {}
+
+		IntrusivePtr(ElemType* p) : ptr_(p)
+		{
+			IntrusivePtrAddRef(ptr_);
+		}
+
+		IntrusivePtr(const IntrusivePtr& other) : ptr_(other.ptr_)
+		{
+			IntrusivePtrAddRef(ptr_);
+		}
+
+		template <typename U>
+		IntrusivePtr(const IntrusivePtr<U>& other) : ptr_(other.Get())
+		{
+			IntrusivePtrAddRef(ptr_);
+		}
+
+		IntrusivePtr(IntrusivePtr&& other) : ptr_(::std::move(other.ptr_)) {}
+
+		~IntrusivePtr()
+		{
+			IntrusivePtrRelease(ptr_);
+		}
+
+		inline ElemType* Get() const { return ptr_; }
+
+		inline void Swap(IntrusivePtr& other)
+		{
+			::std::swap(ptr_, other.ptr_);
+		}
+
+		inline ElemType* operator ->() const
+		{
+			assert(ptr_ && ptr_->GetRefCount() > 0 &&
+				"Invalid pointer!");
+			return ptr_;
+		}
+
+		inline ElemType& operator *() const
+		{
+			assert(ptr_ && ptr_->GetRefCount() > 0 &&
+				"Invalid pointer!");
+			return *ptr_;
+		}
+
+		inline operator bool() const { return ptr_ != nullptr; }
+
+		inline bool operator !() const { return ptr_ == 0; }
+
+		inline IntrusivePtr& operator =(const IntrusivePtr& other)
+		{
+			IntrusivePtr(other).Swap(*this);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		inline IntrusivePtr& operator =(ElemType* p)
+		{
+			IntrusivePtr(p).Swap(*this);
+			return *this;
+		}
+
+		inline IntrusivePtr& operator =(nullptr_t)
+		{
+			IntrusivePtr{}.Swap(*this);
+			return *this;
+		}
+	};
+
+	template<class T, class U>
+	inline bool operator==(IntrusivePtr<T> const& lhs, IntrusivePtr<U> const& rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.Get() == rhs.Get();
+	}
+
+	template<class T, class U>
+	inline bool operator!=(IntrusivePtr<T> const& lhs, IntrusivePtr<U> const& rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.Get() != rhs.Get();
+	}
+
+	template<class T, class U>
+	inline bool operator<(IntrusivePtr<T> const& lhs, IntrusivePtr<U> const& rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.Get() < rhs.Get();
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline bool operator==(IntrusivePtr<T> const& lhs, T* rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.Get() == rhs;
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline bool operator!=(IntrusivePtr<T> const& lhs, T* rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs.Get() != rhs;
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline bool operator==(T* lhs, IntrusivePtr<T> const& rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs == rhs.Get();
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline bool operator!=(T* lhs, IntrusivePtr<T> const& rhs)
+	{
+		return lhs != rhs.Get();
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline bool operator==(IntrusivePtr<T> const& lhs, nullptr_t)
+	{
+		return !static_cast<bool>(lhs);
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline bool operator!=(IntrusivePtr<T> const& lhs, nullptr_t)
+	{
+		return static_cast<bool>(lhs);
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline bool operator==(nullptr_t, IntrusivePtr<T> const& rhs)
+	{
+		return !static_cast<bool>(rhs);
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline bool operator!=(nullptr_t, IntrusivePtr<T> const& rhs)
+	{
+		return static_cast<bool>(rhs);
+	}
+
+	template<class T>
+	inline IntrusivePtr<T> make_intrusive(T* ptr)
+	{
+		return IntrusivePtr<T>(ptr);
+	}
+}

core/base/Music.h

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "base.h"
 #include "audio.h"
-#include "RefCounter.h"
 #include "Resource.h"
 #include <xaudio2.h>
 

core/base/Node.cpp

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include "Node.h"
 #include "Scene.h"
 #include "Task.h"
-#include "Action.h"
+#include "Action.hpp"
 #include "time.h"
 #include "render.h"
 #include <iterator>
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 	Node::Node()
 		: visible_(true)
 		, parent_(nullptr)
-		, parent_scene_(nullptr)
 		, hash_name_(0)
 		, clip_enabled_(false)
 		, dirty_sort_(false)
@@ -53,21 +52,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 	Node::~Node()
 	{
 		SafeRelease(border_);
-
-		for (auto action : actions_)
-		{
-			SafeRelease(action);
-		}
-
-		for (auto task : tasks_)
-		{
-			SafeRelease(task);
-		}
-
-		for (auto child : children_)
-		{
-			SafeRelease(child);
-		}
 	}
 
 	void Node::Visit()
@@ -93,7 +77,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 				std::sort(
 					std::begin(children_),
 					std::end(children_),
-					[](Node * n1, Node * n2) { return n1->GetOrder() < n2->GetOrder(); }
+					[](spNode const& n1, spNode const& n2) { return n1->GetOrder() < n2->GetOrder(); }
 				);
 
 				dirty_sort_ = false;
@@ -202,11 +186,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 			initial_matrix_ = initial_matrix_ * parent_->initial_matrix_;
 			final_matrix_ = final_matrix_ * parent_->initial_matrix_;
 		}
-		else if (parent_scene_)
-		{
-			initial_matrix_ = initial_matrix_ * parent_scene_->GetTransform();
-			final_matrix_ = final_matrix_ * parent_scene_->GetTransform();
-		}
 
 		// 重新构造轮廓
 		SafeRelease(border_);
@@ -269,25 +248,24 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (actions_.empty())
 			return;
 
-		std::vector<Action*> currActions;
+		std::vector<spAction> currActions;
 		currActions.reserve(actions_.size());
 		std::copy_if(
 			actions_.begin(),
 			actions_.end(),
 			std::back_inserter(currActions),
-			[](Action* action) { return action->IsRunning() && !action->IsDone(); }
+			[](spAction action) { return action->IsRunning() && !action->IsDone(); }
 		);
 
 		// 遍历所有正在运行的动作
 		for (const auto& action : currActions)
-			action->Update();
+			action->Update(this);
 
 		// 清除完成的动作
 		for (auto iter = actions_.begin(); iter != actions_.end();)
 		{
 			if ((*iter)->IsDone())
 			{
-				(*iter)->Release();
 				iter = actions_.erase(iter);
 			}
 			else
@@ -574,18 +552,18 @@ namespace easy2d
 		border_color_ = color;
 	}
 
-	void Node::AddChild(Node * child, int order)
+	void Node::AddChild(spNode const& child, int order)
 	{
-		E2D_WARNING_IF(child == nullptr, "Node::AddChild NULL pointer exception.");
+		E2D_WARNING_IF(!child, "Node::AddChild NULL pointer exception.");
 
 		if (child)
 		{
-			if (child->parent_ != nullptr)
+			if (child->parent_)
 			{
 				throw std::runtime_error("节点已有父节点, 不能再添加到其他节点");
 			}
 
-			for (Node * parent = this; parent != nullptr; parent = parent->GetParent())
+			for (Node * parent = this; parent; parent = parent->GetParent().Get())
 			{
 				if (child == parent)
 				{
@@ -593,14 +571,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 				}
 			}
 
-			child->Retain();
 			children_.push_back(child);
 			child->SetOrder(order);
 			child->parent_ = this;
-			if (this->parent_scene_)
-			{
-				child->SetParentScene(this->parent_scene_);
-			}
 
 			// 更新子节点透明度
 			child->UpdateOpacity();
@@ -619,17 +592,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	Node * Node::GetParent() const
+	spNode Node::GetParent() const
 	{
 		return parent_;
 	}
 
-	Scene * Node::GetParentScene() const
+	Nodes Node::GetChildren(const String& name) const
-	{
-		return parent_scene_;
-	}
-
-	Node::Nodes Node::GetChildren(const String& name) const
 	{
 		Nodes children;
 		size_t hash_code = std::hash<String>{}(name);
@@ -645,7 +613,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return children;
 	}
 
-	Node * Node::GetChild(const String& name) const
+	spNode Node::GetChild(const String& name) const
 	{
 		size_t hash_code = std::hash<String>{}(name);
 
@@ -660,7 +628,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return nullptr;
 	}
 
-	const std::vector<Node*>& Node::GetAllChildren() const
+	const std::vector<spNode>& Node::GetAllChildren() const
 	{
 		return children_;
 	}
@@ -678,9 +646,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	bool Node::RemoveChild(Node * child)
+	bool Node::RemoveChild(spNode const& child)
 	{
-		E2D_WARNING_IF(child == nullptr, "Node::RemoveChildren NULL pointer exception.");
+		E2D_WARNING_IF(!child, "Node::RemoveChildren NULL pointer exception.");
 
 		if (children_.empty())
 		{
@@ -694,13 +662,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 			{
 				children_.erase(iter);
 				child->parent_ = nullptr;
-
-				if (child->parent_scene_)
-				{
-					child->SetParentScene(nullptr);
-				}
-
-				child->Release();
 				return true;
 			}
 		}
@@ -720,11 +681,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 			if ((*iter)->hash_name_ == hash_code && (*iter)->name_ == child_name)
 			{
 				(*iter)->parent_ = nullptr;
-				if ((*iter)->parent_scene_)
-				{
-					(*iter)->SetParentScene(nullptr);
-				}
-				(*iter)->Release();
 				iter = children_.erase(iter);
 			}
 			else
@@ -736,34 +692,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	void Node::RemoveAllChildren()
 	{
-		// 所有节点的引用计数减一
-		for (const auto& child : children_)
-		{
-			child->Release();
-		}
-		// 清空储存节点的容器
 		children_.clear();
 	}
 
-	void Node::RunAction(Action * action)
+	void Node::RunAction(spAction const& action)
 	{
-		E2D_WARNING_IF(action == nullptr, "Action NULL pointer exception!");
+		E2D_WARNING_IF(!action, "Action NULL pointer exception!");
 
 		if (action)
 		{
-			if (action->GetTarget() == nullptr)
+			auto iter = std::find(actions_.begin(), actions_.end(), action);
+			if (iter == actions_.end())
 			{
-				auto iter = std::find(actions_.begin(), actions_.end(), action);
+				action->Start();
-				if (iter == actions_.end())
+				actions_.push_back(action);
-				{
-					action->Retain();
-					action->StartWithTarget(this);
-					actions_.push_back(action);
-				}
-			}
-			else
-			{
-				throw std::runtime_error("该 Action 已有执行目标");
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -828,7 +770,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return ret != 0;
 	}
 
-	bool Node::Intersects(Node * node)
+	bool Node::Intersects(spNode const& node)
 	{
 		if (transform_.size.width == 0.f || transform_.size.height == 0.f || node->transform_.size.width == 0.f || node->transform_.size.height == 0.f)
 			return false;
@@ -883,19 +825,18 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	const Node::Actions & Node::GetAllActions() const
+	const Actions& Node::GetAllActions() const
 	{
 		return actions_;
 	}
 
-	void Node::AddTask(Task * task)
+	void Node::AddTask(spTask const& task)
 	{
 		if (task)
 		{
 			auto iter = std::find(tasks_.begin(), tasks_.end(), task);
 			if (iter == tasks_.end())
 			{
-				task->Retain();
 				task->last_time_ = time::Now();
 				tasks_.push_back(task);
 			}
@@ -959,7 +900,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 	}
 
-	const Node::Tasks & Node::GetAllTasks() const
+	const Tasks & Node::GetAllTasks() const
 	{
 		return tasks_;
 	}
@@ -969,13 +910,13 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (tasks_.empty())
 			return;
 
-		std::vector<Task*> currTasks;
+		std::vector<spTask> currTasks;
 		currTasks.reserve(tasks_.size());
 		std::copy_if(
 			tasks_.begin(),
 			tasks_.end(),
 			std::back_inserter(currTasks),
-			[](Task* task) { return task->IsReady() && !task->stopped_; }
+			[](spTask const& task) { return task->IsReady() && !task->stopped_; }
 		);
 
 		// 遍历就绪的任务
@@ -987,7 +928,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 			if ((*iter)->stopped_)
 			{
-				(*iter)->Release();
 				iter = tasks_.erase(iter);
 			}
 			else
@@ -1030,13 +970,4 @@ namespace easy2d
 			hash_name_ = std::hash<String>{}(name);
 		}
 	}
-
-	void Node::SetParentScene(Scene * scene)
-	{
-		parent_scene_ = scene;
-		for (const auto& child : children_)
-		{
-			child->SetParentScene(scene);
-		}
-	}
 }

core/base/Node.h

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include "base.h"
-#include "RefCounter.h"
 #include "KeyEvent.h"
 #include "MouseEvent.h"
 #include "../math/Transform.h"
@@ -43,10 +42,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 		E2D_DISABLE_COPY(Node);
 
 	public:
-		typedef std::vector<Node*> Nodes;
-		typedef std::vector<Action*> Actions;
-		typedef std::vector<Task*> Tasks;
-
 		Node();
 
 		virtual ~Node();
@@ -121,10 +116,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		float GetDisplayOpacity() const;
 
 		// 获取父节点
-		Node * GetParent() const;
+		spNode GetParent() const;
-
-		// 获取节点所在场景
-		Scene * GetParentScene() const;
 
 		// 设置节点是否显示
 		void SetVisible(
@@ -292,12 +284,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 判断两物体是否相交
 		bool Intersects(
-			Node * node
+			spNode const& node
 		);
 
 		// 添加子节点
 		void AddChild(
-			Node * child,
+			spNode const& child,
 			int order = 0		/* 渲染顺序 */
 		);
 
@@ -313,7 +305,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		) const;
 
 		// 获取名称相同的子节点
-		Node* GetChild(
+		spNode GetChild(
 			const String& name
 		) const;
 
@@ -325,7 +317,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 移除子节点
 		bool RemoveChild(
-			Node * child
+			spNode const& child
 		);
 
 		// 移除所有名称相同的子节点
@@ -341,7 +333,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 执行动作
 		void RunAction(
-			Action * action
+			spAction const& action
 		);
 
 		// 继续动作
@@ -373,7 +365,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 添加任务
 		void AddTask(
-			Task * task
+			spTask const& task
 		);
 
 		// 启动任务
@@ -423,11 +415,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 		// 渲染节点边缘
 		void DrawBorder();
 
-		// 设置节点所在场景
-		void SetParentScene(
-			Scene * scene
-		);
-
 		// 更新子节点
 		void UpdateChildren(float dt);
 
@@ -456,7 +443,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 		bool				clip_enabled_;
 		bool				dirty_sort_;
 		bool				dirty_transform_;
-		Scene*				parent_scene_;
 		Node*				parent_;
 		Color				border_color_;
 		Actions				actions_;

core/base/RefCounter.cpp

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 namespace easy2d
 {
 	RefCounter::RefCounter()
+		: ref_count_(0)
 	{
-		ref_count_ = 0;
 	}
 
 	RefCounter::~RefCounter()
@@ -33,20 +33,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	long RefCounter::Retain()
 	{
-		return ::InterlockedIncrement(&ref_count_);
+		
 	}
 
 	long RefCounter::Release()
 	{
-		long new_count = ::InterlockedDecrement(&ref_count_);
 		
-		if (new_count <= 0)
-		{
-			delete this;
-			return 0;
-		}
-
-		return new_count;
 	}
 
 	long RefCounter::GetRefCount() const

core/base/RefCounter.hpp

@@ -23,24 +23,39 @@
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
-    // 引用计数
 	class RefCounter
 	{
-	public:
+		E2D_DISABLE_COPY(RefCounter);
-		RefCounter();
 
-		virtual ~RefCounter();
+	public:
+		RefCounter() : ref_count_(0) {}
+
+		virtual ~RefCounter() {}
 
 		// 增加引用计数
-		long Retain();
+		inline void Retain() { ::InterlockedIncrement(&ref_count_); }
 
 		// 减少引用计数
-		long Release();
+		inline void Release()
+		{
+			if (::InterlockedDecrement(&ref_count_) <= 0)
+				delete this;
+		}
 
 		// 获取引用计数
-		long GetRefCount() const;
+		inline long GetRefCount() const { return ref_count_; }
 
 	private:
 		long ref_count_;
 	};
+
+	inline void IntrusivePtrAddRef(RefCounter* ptr)
+	{
+		if (ptr) ptr->Retain();
+	}
+
+	inline void IntrusivePtrRelease(RefCounter* ptr)
+	{
+		if (ptr) ptr->Release();
+	}
 }

core/base/Scene.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	Scene::Scene(Node * root)
+	Scene::Scene(spNode const& root)
 		: root_(nullptr)
 		, transform_()
 	{
@@ -38,34 +38,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	Scene::~Scene()
 	{
-		if (root_)
-		{
-			root_->SetParentScene(nullptr);
-			root_->Release();
-		}
 	}
 
-	void Scene::SetRoot(Node * root)
+	void Scene::SetRoot(spNode const& root)
 	{
 		if (root_ == root)
 			return;
 
-		if (root_)
-		{
-			root_->SetParentScene(nullptr);
-			root_->Release();
-		}
-
-		if (root)
-		{
-			root->Retain();
-			root->SetParentScene(this);
-		}
-
 		root_ = root;
 	}
 
-	Node * Scene::GetRoot() const
+	spNode const& Scene::GetRoot() const
 	{
 		return root_;
 	}

core/base/Scene.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include "RefCounter.h"
+#include "base.h"
 #include "KeyEvent.h"
 #include "MouseEvent.h"
 #include "../math/Matrix.hpp"
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		Scene();
 
 		explicit Scene(
-			Node * root
+			spNode const& root
 		);
 
 		virtual ~Scene();
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 设置根节点
 		void SetRoot(
-			Node * root
+			spNode const& root
 		);
 
 		// 获取根节点
-		Node* GetRoot() const;
+		spNode const& GetRoot() const;
 
 		// 渲染场景
 		void Draw();
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		const math::Matrix& GetTransform() const;
 
 	private:
-		Node*			root_;
+		spNode			root_;
 		math::Matrix	transform_;
 	};
 }

core/base/Sprite.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	Sprite::Sprite(Image * image)
+	Sprite::Sprite(spImage const& image)
 		: image_(nullptr)
 	{
 		Load(image);
@@ -63,20 +63,13 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	Sprite::~Sprite()
 	{
-		SafeRelease(image_);
 	}
 
-	bool Sprite::Load(Image * image)
+	bool Sprite::Load(spImage const& image)
 	{
 		if (image)
 		{
-			if (image_)
-			{
-				image_->Release();
-			}
-
 			image_ = image;
-			image_->Retain();
 
 			Node::SetSize(image_->GetWidth(), image_->GetHeight());
 			return true;
@@ -88,14 +81,16 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		if (!image_)
 		{
-			image_ = new Image();
+			image_ = new (std::nothrow) Image();
-			image_->Retain();
 		}
 
-		if (image_->Load(res))
+		if (image_)
 		{
-			Node::SetSize(image_->GetWidth(), image_->GetHeight());
+			if (image_->Load(res))
-			return true;
+			{
+				Node::SetSize(image_->GetWidth(), image_->GetHeight());
+				return true;
+			}
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -104,14 +99,16 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		if (!image_)
 		{
-			image_ = new Image();
+			image_ = new (std::nothrow) Image();
-			image_->Retain();
 		}
 
-		if (image_->Load(file_name))
+		if (image_)
 		{
-			Node::SetSize(image_->GetWidth(), image_->GetHeight());
+			if (image_->Load(file_name))
-			return true;
+			{
+				Node::SetSize(image_->GetWidth(), image_->GetHeight());
+				return true;
+			}
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -125,7 +122,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 	}
 
-	Image * Sprite::GetImage() const
+	spImage const& Sprite::GetImage() const
 	{
 		return image_;
 	}

core/base/Sprite.h

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		Sprite();
 
 		explicit Sprite(
-			Image * image
+			spImage const& image
 		);
 
 		explicit Sprite(
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 		// 加载图片
 		bool Load(
-			Image * image
+			spImage const& image
 		);
 
 		// 将图片裁剪为矩形
@@ -78,12 +78,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 		);
 
 		// 获取 Image 对象
-		Image * GetImage() const;
+		spImage const& GetImage() const;
 
 		// 渲染精灵
 		virtual void OnDraw() const override;
 
 	private:
-		Image* image_;
+		spImage image_;
 	};
 }

core/base/Task.cpp

@@ -23,22 +23,16 @@
 namespace easy2d
 {
 	Task::Task(const Callback & func, const String & name)
-		: running_(true)
+		: Task(func, Duration{}, -1, name)
-		, stopped_(false)
-		, run_times_(0)
-		, total_times_(-1)
-		, delay_()
-		, callback_(func)
-		, name_(name)
 	{
 	}
 
-	Task::Task(const Callback & func, float delay, int times, const String & name)
+	Task::Task(Callback const& func, Duration const& delay, int times, const String & name)
 		: running_(true)
 		, stopped_(false)
 		, run_times_(0)
-		, delay_(time::Second * std::max(delay, 0.f))
 		, total_times_(times)
+		, delay_(delay)
 		, callback_(func)
 		, name_(name)
 	{

core/base/Task.h

@@ -21,13 +21,10 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "base.h"
 #include "time.h"
-#include "RefCounter.h"
 #include <functional>
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
-	class Node;
-
     // 定时任务
 	class Task
 		: public RefCounter
@@ -38,14 +35,14 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	public:
 		explicit Task(
-			const Callback& func,			/* 执行函数 */
+			const Callback& func,		/* 执行函数 */
 			const String& name = L""	/* 任务名称 */
 		);
 
 		explicit Task(
-			const Callback& func,			/* 执行函数 */
+			Callback const& func,		/* 执行函数 */
-			float delay,					/* 时间间隔（秒） */
+			Duration const& delay,		/* 时间间隔（秒） */
-			int times = -1,					/* 执行次数（设 -1 为永久执行） */
+			int times = -1,				/* 执行次数（设 -1 为永久执行） */
 			const String& name = L""	/* 任务名称 */
 		);
 
@@ -61,24 +58,21 @@ namespace easy2d
 		// 获取任务名称
 		const String& GetName() const;
 
-		// 任务是否就绪
+	protected:
 		bool IsReady() const;
 
-		// 执行任务
 		void Update();
 
-		// 重置计时
 		void ResetTime();
 
 	private:
-		bool			running_;
+		bool		running_;
-		bool			stopped_;
+		bool		stopped_;
-		int				run_times_;
+		int			run_times_;
-		int				total_times_;
+		int			total_times_;
-		String	name_;
+		String		name_;
-		time::Duration	delay_;
+		Duration	delay_;
-		time::TimePoint	last_time_;
+		TimePoint	last_time_;
-		Callback		callback_;
+		Callback	callback_;
-		Node *			target_;
 	};
 }

core/base/Transition.cpp

@@ -50,8 +50,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		SafeRelease(out_layer_);
 		SafeRelease(in_layer_);
-		SafeRelease(out_scene_);
-		SafeRelease(in_scene_);
 	}
 
 	bool Transition::IsDone()
@@ -59,18 +57,12 @@ namespace easy2d
 		return done_;
 	}
 
-	void Transition::Initialize(Scene * prev, Scene * next, Game * game)
+	void Transition::Init(spScene const& prev, spScene const& next)
 	{
 		started_ = time::Now();
 		out_scene_ = prev;
 		in_scene_ = next;
 
-		if (out_scene_)
-			out_scene_->Retain();
-
-		if (in_scene_)
-			in_scene_->Retain();
-
 		if (in_scene_)
 		{
 			ThrowIfFailed(
@@ -153,9 +145,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	void BoxTransition::Initialize(Scene * prev, Scene * next, Game * game)
+	void BoxTransition::Init(spScene const& prev, spScene const& next)
 	{
-		Transition::Initialize(prev, next, game);
+		Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
 		in_layer_prop_.opacity = 0;
 	}
@@ -195,9 +187,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	void EmergeTransition::Initialize(Scene * prev, Scene * next, Game * game)
+	void EmergeTransition::Init(spScene const& prev, spScene const& next)
 	{
-		Transition::Initialize(prev, next, game);
+		Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
 		out_layer_prop_.opacity = 1;
 		in_layer_prop_.opacity = 0;
@@ -220,9 +212,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	void FadeTransition::Initialize(Scene * prev, Scene * next, Game * game)
+	void FadeTransition::Init(spScene const& prev, spScene const& next)
 	{
-		Transition::Initialize(prev, next, game);
+		Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
 		out_layer_prop_.opacity = 1;
 		in_layer_prop_.opacity = 0;
@@ -254,9 +246,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	void MoveTransition::Initialize(Scene * prev, Scene * next, Game * game)
+	void MoveTransition::Init(spScene const& prev, spScene const& next)
 	{
-		Transition::Initialize(prev, next, game);
+		Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
 		switch (direction_)
 		{
@@ -344,9 +336,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 	}
 
-	void RotationTransition::Initialize(Scene * prev, Scene * next, Game * game)
+	void RotationTransition::Init(spScene const& prev, spScene const& next)
 	{
-		Transition::Initialize(prev, next, game);
+		Transition::Init(prev, next);
 
 		if (out_scene_)
 		{

core/base/Transition.h

@@ -21,11 +21,9 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "base.h"
 #include "time.h"
-#include "RefCounter.h"
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
-	class Game;
 	class Scene;
 
 	// 场景过渡
@@ -46,10 +44,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	protected:
 		// 初始化场景过渡动画
-		virtual void Initialize(
+		virtual void Init(
-			Scene * prev,
+			spScene const& prev,
-			Scene * next,
+			spScene const& next
-			Game * game
 		);
 
 		// 更新场景过渡动画
@@ -68,10 +65,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 		bool			done_;
 		float			duration_;
 		float			process_;
-		time::TimePoint	started_;
+		TimePoint		started_;
 		Size			window_size_;
-		Scene*			out_scene_;
+		spScene			out_scene_;
-		Scene*			in_scene_;
+		spScene			in_scene_;
 		ID2D1Layer*		out_layer_;
 		ID2D1Layer*		in_layer_;
 		LayerProperties out_layer_prop_;
@@ -92,10 +89,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 		// 更新动画
 		virtual void Update() override;
 
-		virtual void Initialize(
+		virtual void Init(
-			Scene * prev,
+			spScene const& prev,
-			Scene * next,
+			spScene const& next
-			Game * game
 		) override;
 	};
 
@@ -112,10 +108,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	protected:
 		virtual void Update() override;
 
-		virtual void Initialize(
+		virtual void Init(
-			Scene * prev,
+			spScene const& prev,
-			Scene * next,
+			spScene const& next
-			Game * game
 		) override;
 	};
 
@@ -132,10 +127,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	protected:
 		virtual void Update() override;
 
-		virtual void Initialize(
+		virtual void Init(
-			Scene * prev,
+			spScene const& prev,
-			Scene * next,
+			spScene const& next
-			Game * game
 		) override;
 	};
 
@@ -153,10 +147,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	protected:
 		virtual void Update() override;
 
-		virtual void Initialize(
+		virtual void Init(
-			Scene * prev,
+			spScene const& prev,
-			Scene * next,
+			spScene const& next
-			Game * game
 		) override;
 
 		virtual void Reset() override;
@@ -181,10 +174,9 @@ namespace easy2d
 	protected:
 		virtual void Update() override;
 
-		virtual void Initialize(
+		virtual void Init(
-			Scene * prev,
+			spScene const& prev,
-			Scene * next,
+			spScene const& next
-			Game * game
 		) override;
 
 		virtual void Reset() override;

core/base/audio.cpp

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			, mastering_voice_(nullptr)
 			, initialized(false)
 		{
-			modules::Initialize();
+			modules::Init();
 		}
 
 		AudioDevice::~AudioDevice()
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			modules::Destroy();
 		}
 
-		void AudioDevice::Initialize(bool debug)
+		void AudioDevice::Init(bool debug)
 		{
 			if (initialized)
 				return;

core/base/audio.h

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			E2D_DISABLE_COPY(AudioDevice);
 
 		public:
-			void Initialize(bool debug);
+			void Init(bool debug);
 
 			// 开启设备
 			void Open();
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 			~AudioDevice();
 
 		protected:
-			bool initialized;
+			bool					initialized;
-			IXAudio2 * x_audio2_;
+			IXAudio2*				x_audio2_;
 			IXAudio2MasteringVoice*	mastering_voice_;
-			std::list<Voice*> voice_cache_;
+			std::list<Voice*>		voice_cache_;
 		};
 
 		E2D_DECLARE_SINGLETON_TYPE(AudioDevice, Audio);

core/base/base.h

@@ -20,10 +20,74 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include "BaseTypes.h"
+#include "IntrusivePtr.hpp"
+#include "RefCounter.hpp"
 #include <stdexcept>
 
+
+#ifndef E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR
+#define E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(class_name)\
+	class class_name;\
+	using sp##class_name = ::easy2d::IntrusivePtr< class_name >
+
+#define E2D_DECLARE_NS_SMART_PTR(ns_name, class_name)\
+	namespace ns_name\
+	{\
+		class class_name; \
+		using sp##class_name = ::easy2d::IntrusivePtr< class_name >;\
+	}
+#endif
+
+
 namespace easy2d
 {
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Image);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Music);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Task);
+	
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Node);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Scene);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Sprite);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Text);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Canvas);
+
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Action);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(MoveBy);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(MoveTo);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(JumpBy);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(JumpTo);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(ScaleBy);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(ScaleTo);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(OpacityBy);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(OpacityTo);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(FadeIn);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(FadeOut);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(RotateBy);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(RotateTo);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Delay);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Animation);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Animate);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(CallFunc);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Loop);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Sequence);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Spawn);
+
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Transition);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(FadeTransition);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(EmergeTransition);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(BoxTransition);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(MoveTransition);
+	E2D_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(RotationTransition);
+
+	E2D_DECLARE_NS_SMART_PTR(ui, Button);
+	E2D_DECLARE_NS_SMART_PTR(ui, Menu);
+
+	using Images = ::std::vector< spImage >;
+	using Nodes = ::std::vector< spNode >;
+	using Actions = ::std::vector< spAction >;
+	using Tasks = ::std::vector< spTask >;
+
+
 	template<class Interface>
 	inline void SafeRelease(Interface*& p)
 	{

core/base/modules.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		Module_XAudio2 XAudio2;
 		Module_MediaFoundation MediaFoundation;
 
-		void Initialize()
+		void Init()
 		{
 			initialize_count++;
 			if (initialize_count > 1)

core/base/modules.h

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 	{
 		// modules can be initialized multiple times,
 		// but it needs to be destroyed every time
-		void Initialize();
+		void Init();
 
 		void Destroy();
 

core/base/render.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include "time.h"
 #include "base.h"
 #include "modules.h"
+#include "Image.h"
 
 #pragma comment(lib, "d2d1.lib")
 #pragma comment(lib, "dwrite.lib")
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 			ZeroMemory(&d2d, sizeof(D2DResources));
 
-			modules::Initialize();
+			modules::Init();
 		}
 
 		GraphicsDevice::~GraphicsDevice()
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			modules::Destroy();
 		}
 
-		void GraphicsDevice::Initialize(HWND hwnd, bool debug)
+		void GraphicsDevice::Init(HWND hwnd, bool debug)
 		{
 			if (initialized)
 				return;
@@ -302,7 +303,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		}
 
 		HRESULT GraphicsDevice::DrawImage(
-			Image * image,
+			spImage const& image,
 			float opacity,
 			const Rect & dest_rect,
 			const Rect & source_rect

core/base/render.h

@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
 #include "Singleton.hpp"
 #include "Font.h"
 #include "Resource.h"
-#include "Image.h"
 #include "TextRenderer.h"
 #include "../math/Matrix.hpp"
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
+	class Image;
+
 	namespace devices
 	{
 		struct D2DResources
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			E2D_DISABLE_COPY(GraphicsDevice);
 
 		public:
-			void Initialize(HWND hwnd, bool debug);
+			void Init(HWND hwnd, bool debug);
 
 			// ¿ªÊ¼äÖȾ
 			void BeginDraw(HWND hwnd);
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			);
 
 			HRESULT DrawImage(
-				Image* image,
+				spImage const& image,
 				float opacity,
 				const Rect& dest_rect,
 				const Rect& source_rect

core/base/time.h

@@ -187,6 +187,11 @@ namespace easy2d
 	}
 }
 
+namespace easy2d
+{
+	using namespace time;
+}
+
 #if VS_VER >= VS_2015
 
 namespace easy2d

core/base/window.cpp

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			::DestroyWindow(handle);
 	}
 
-	void WindowImpl::Initialize(String title, int width, int height, LPCWSTR icon, bool debug)
+	void WindowImpl::Init(String title, int width, int height, LPCWSTR icon, bool debug)
 	{
 		if (initialized)
 			return;

core/base/window.h

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		E2D_DISABLE_COPY(WindowImpl);
 
 	public:
-		void Initialize(
+		void Init(
 			String	title,
 			int		width,
 			int		height,

core/easy2d.h

@@ -46,21 +46,22 @@
 #include "base/Color.h"
 #include "base/Resource.h"
 
-#include "base/RefCounter.h"
+#include "base/RefCounter.hpp"
+#include "base/IntrusivePtr.hpp"
 #include "base/Image.h"
-#include "base/Scene.h"
 #include "base/Node.h"
+#include "base/Scene.h"
 #include "base/Sprite.h"
-#include "base/Task.h"
 #include "base/Text.h"
-#include "base/Action.h"
+#include "base/Canvas.h"
+#include "base/Music.h"
+#include "base/Task.h"
+#include "base/Action.hpp"
 #include "base/ActionCombined.h"
 #include "base/ActionFiniteTime.h"
 #include "base/Animation.h"
 #include "base/CallFunc.h"
-#include "base/Canvas.h"
 #include "base/Transition.h"
-#include "base/Music.h"
 
 #include "base/KeyEvent.h"
 #include "base/MouseEvent.h"

core/ui/Button.cpp

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 		}
 
-		Button::Button(Node * normal, const Callback& func)
+		Button::Button(spNode const& normal, const Callback& func)
 			: callback_(nullptr)
 			, status_(Status::Normal)
 			, enabled_(true)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			this->SetCallbackOnClick(func);
 		}
 
-		Button::Button(Node * normal, Node * selected, const Callback& func)
+		Button::Button(spNode const& normal, spNode const& selected, const Callback& func)
 			: callback_(nullptr)
 			, status_(Status::Normal)
 			, enabled_(true)
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			this->SetCallbackOnClick(func);
 		}
 
-		Button::Button(Node * normal, Node * mouseover, Node * selected, const Callback& func)
+		Button::Button(spNode const& normal, spNode const& mouseover, spNode const& selected, const Callback& func)
 			: callback_(nullptr)
 			, status_(Status::Normal)
 			, enabled_(true)
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			this->SetCallbackOnClick(func);
 		}
 
-		Button::Button(Node * normal, Node * mouseover, Node * selected, Node * disabled, const Callback& func)
+		Button::Button(spNode const& normal, spNode const& mouseover, spNode const& selected, spNode const& disabled, const Callback& func)
 			: callback_(nullptr)
 			, status_(Status::Normal)
 			, enabled_(true)
@@ -115,12 +115,16 @@ namespace easy2d
 			this->SetCallbackOnClick(func);
 		}
 
+		Button::~Button()
+		{
+		}
+
 		bool Button::IsEnable() const
 		{
 			return enabled_;
 		}
 
-		void Button::SetNormal(Node * normal)
+		void Button::SetNormal(spNode const& normal)
 		{
 			SET_BUTTON_NODE(normal_, normal);
 			if (normal)
@@ -129,17 +133,17 @@ namespace easy2d
 			}
 		}
 
-		void Button::SetMouseOver(Node * mouseover)
+		void Button::SetMouseOver(spNode const& mouseover)
 		{
 			SET_BUTTON_NODE(mouseover_, mouseover);
 		}
 
-		void Button::SetSelected(Node * selected)
+		void Button::SetSelected(spNode const& selected)
 		{
 			SET_BUTTON_NODE(selected_, selected);
 		}
 
-		void Button::SetDisabled(Node * disabled)
+		void Button::SetDisabled(spNode const& disabled)
 		{
 			SET_BUTTON_NODE(disabled_, disabled);
 		}

core/ui/Button.h

@@ -31,37 +31,39 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 			E2D_DISABLE_COPY(Button);
 
-			typedef std::function<void()> Callback;
+			using Callback = std::function<void()>;
 
 		public:
 			Button();
 
 			explicit Button(
-				Node * normal,					/* 噸宥彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& normal,					/* 噸宥彜蓑 */
 				const Callback& func = nullptr	/* 按钮点击后的回调函数 */
 			);
 
 			explicit Button(
-				Node * normal,					/* 噸宥彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& normal,					/* 噸宥彜蓑 */
-				Node * selected,				/* 報炎梓和彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& selected,				/* 報炎梓和彜蓑 */
 				const Callback& func = nullptr	/* 按钮点击后的回调函数 */
 			);
 
 			explicit Button(
-				Node * normal,					/* 噸宥彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& normal,					/* 噸宥彜蓑 */
-				Node * mouseover,				/* 報炎卞秘彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& mouseover,				/* 報炎卞秘彜蓑 */
-				Node * selected,				/* 報炎梓和彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& selected,				/* 報炎梓和彜蓑 */
 				const Callback& func = nullptr	/* 按钮点击后的回调函数 */
 			);
 
 			explicit Button(
-				Node * normal,					/* 噸宥彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& normal,					/* 噸宥彜蓑 */
-				Node * mouseover,				/* 報炎卞秘彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& mouseover,				/* 報炎卞秘彜蓑 */
-				Node * selected,				/* 報炎卞秘彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& selected,				/* 報炎卞秘彜蓑 */
-				Node * disabled,				/* 梓泥鋤喘彜蓑 */
+				spNode const& disabled,				/* 梓泥鋤喘彜蓑 */
 				const Callback& func = nullptr	/* 按钮点击后的回调函数 */
 			);
 
+			virtual ~Button();
+
 			// 获取按钮状态是启用还是禁用
 			bool IsEnable() const;
 
@@ -72,22 +74,22 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 			// 设置一般情况下显示的按钮
 			virtual void SetNormal(
-				Node * normal
+				spNode const& normal
 			);
 
 			// 设置鼠标移入按钮时显示的按钮
 			virtual void SetMouseOver(
-				Node * mouseover
+				spNode const& mouseover
 			);
 
 			// 设置鼠标按下按钮时显示的按钮
 			virtual void SetSelected(
-				Node * selected
+				spNode const& selected
 			);
 
 			// 设置按钮被禁用时显示的按钮
 			virtual void SetDisabled(
-				Node * disabled
+				spNode const& disabled
 			);
 
 			// 设置按钮点击后的回调函数
@@ -124,10 +126,10 @@ namespace easy2d
 			virtual void Visit() override;
 
 		private:
-			Node * normal_;
+			spNode		normal_;
-			Node *		mouseover_;
+			spNode		mouseover_;
-			Node *		selected_;
+			spNode		selected_;
-			Node *		disabled_;
+			spNode		disabled_;
 			bool		enabled_;
 			bool		is_selected_;
 			Status		status_;

core/ui/Menu.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		{
 		}
 
-		Menu::Menu(const std::vector<Button*>& buttons)
+		Menu::Menu(const std::vector<spButton>& buttons)
 			: enabled_(true)
 		{
 			for (const auto& button : buttons)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			}
 		}
 
-		void Menu::AddButton(Button * button)
+		void Menu::AddButton(spButton const& button)
 		{
 			if (button)
 			{
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			}
 		}
 
-		bool Menu::RemoveButton(Button * button)
+		bool Menu::RemoveButton(spButton const& button)
 		{
 			if (buttons_.empty())
 			{
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		const std::vector<Button*>& Menu::GetAllButtons() const
+		const std::vector<spButton>& Menu::GetAllButtons() const
 		{
 			return buttons_;
 		}

core/ui/Menu.h

@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
-#include "../base/Node.h"
 #include "Button.h"
 
 namespace easy2d
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 			Menu();
 
 			explicit Menu(
-				const std::vector<Button*>& buttons	/* 按钮数组 */
+				const std::vector<spButton>& buttons	/* 按钮数组 */
 			);
 
 			// 获取菜单是否禁用
@@ -52,20 +51,20 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 			// 添加按钮
 			void AddButton(
-				Button * button
+				spButton const& button
 			);
 
 			// 移除按钮
 			bool RemoveButton(
-				Button * button
+				spButton const& button
 			);
 
 			// 获取所有按钮
-			const std::vector<Button*>& GetAllButtons() const;
+			const std::vector<spButton>& GetAllButtons() const;
 
 		private:
 			bool enabled_;
-			std::vector<Button*> buttons_;
+			std::vector<spButton> buttons_;
 		};
 	}
 }

core/utils/Player.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (file_path.empty())
 			return false;
 
-		Music * music = new (std::nothrow) Music();
+		spMusic music = new (std::nothrow) Music();
 
 		if (music)
 		{
@@ -50,10 +50,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 				musics_cache_.insert(std::make_pair(hash_code, music));
 				return true;
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				music->Release();
-			}
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -121,7 +117,7 @@ namespace easy2d
 		if (musics_cache_.end() != musics_cache_.find(hash_code))
 			return true;
 
-		Music * music = new (std::nothrow) Music();
+		spMusic music = new (std::nothrow) Music();
 
 		if (music)
 		{
@@ -131,10 +127,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 				musics_cache_.insert(std::make_pair(hash_code, music));
 				return true;
 			}
-			else
-			{
-				music->Release();
-			}
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -222,13 +214,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	void Player::ClearCache()
 	{
-		if (musics_cache_.empty())
-			return;
-
-		for (const auto& pair : musics_cache_)
-		{
-			pair.second->Release();
-		}
 		musics_cache_.clear();
 	}
 }

core/utils/Player.h

@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 
 namespace easy2d
 {
-	class Music;
-
 	// 音乐播放器
 	class Player
 	{
@@ -120,6 +118,6 @@ namespace easy2d
 
 	protected:
 		float volume_;
-		std::map<size_t, Music*> musics_cache_;
+		std::map<size_t, spMusic> musics_cache_;
 	};
 }

project/vs2013/Easy2D.vcxproj

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     </ProjectConfiguration>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionFiniteTime.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Animation.h" />
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Game.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Image.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Input.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\IntrusivePtr.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\KeyEvent.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\logs.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\macros.h" />
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Music.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Node.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Rect.hpp" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\render.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Resource.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Scene.h" />
@@ -69,7 +70,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\utils\Transcoder.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Action.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionFiniteTime.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Animation.cpp" />
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\MouseEvent.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Music.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Node.cpp" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\render.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Resource.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Scene.cpp" />

project/vs2013/Easy2D.vcxproj.filters

@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
 <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\easy2d.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.h">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.h">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -59,9 +56,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Rect.hpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.h">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\render.h">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -143,6 +137,15 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Singleton.hpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\IntrusivePtr.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Filter Include="base">
@@ -159,9 +162,6 @@
     </Filter>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Action.cpp">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -201,9 +201,6 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Node.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.cpp">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\render.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>

project/vs2015/Easy2D.vcxproj

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     </ProjectConfiguration>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionFiniteTime.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Animation.h" />
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Game.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Image.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Input.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\IntrusivePtr.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\KeyEvent.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\logs.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\macros.h" />
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Music.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Node.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Rect.hpp" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\render.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Resource.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Scene.h" />
@@ -69,7 +70,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\utils\Transcoder.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Action.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionFiniteTime.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Animation.cpp" />
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\MouseEvent.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Music.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Node.cpp" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\render.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Resource.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Scene.cpp" />

project/vs2015/Easy2D.vcxproj.filters

@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
 <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\easy2d.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.h">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.h">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -59,9 +56,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Rect.hpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.h">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\render.h">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -143,6 +137,15 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Singleton.hpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\IntrusivePtr.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Filter Include="base">
@@ -159,9 +162,6 @@
     </Filter>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Action.cpp">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -201,9 +201,6 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Node.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.cpp">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\render.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>

project/vs2017/Easy2D.vcxproj

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
     </ProjectConfiguration>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionFiniteTime.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Animation.h" />
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Game.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Image.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Input.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\IntrusivePtr.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\KeyEvent.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\logs.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\macros.h" />
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Music.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Node.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Rect.hpp" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.hpp" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\render.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Resource.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Scene.h" />
@@ -69,7 +70,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\utils\Transcoder.h" />
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Action.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionFiniteTime.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Animation.cpp" />
@@ -86,7 +86,6 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\MouseEvent.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Music.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Node.cpp" />
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\render.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Resource.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Scene.cpp" />
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@
       <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
       <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
       <SDLCheck>false</SDLCheck>
-      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>EditAndContinue</DebugInformationFormat>
       <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
       <TreatWarningAsError>true</TreatWarningAsError>
     </ClCompile>

project/vs2017/Easy2D.vcxproj.filters

@@ -2,9 +2,6 @@
 <Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\easy2d.h" />
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.h">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.h">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -59,9 +56,6 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Rect.hpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
-    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.h">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClInclude>
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\render.h">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
@@ -143,6 +137,15 @@
     <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Singleton.hpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\IntrusivePtr.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\core\base\Action.hpp">
+      <Filter>base</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <Filter Include="base">
@@ -159,9 +162,6 @@
     </Filter>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Action.cpp">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\ActionCombined.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
@@ -201,9 +201,6 @@
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\Node.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
-    <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\RefCounter.cpp">
-      <Filter>base</Filter>
-    </ClCompile>
     <ClCompile Include="..\..\core\base\render.cpp">
       <Filter>base</Filter>
     </ClCompile>