From ef77e76c6c16859a542a3b6cb315eebd618472e1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nomango <nomango@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 27 Dec 2019 23:42:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Update Brush & RenderTarget

---
 src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiLayer.cpp            |   2 +-
 src/kiwano/2d/Actor.cpp                    |  29 +++-
 src/kiwano/2d/Actor.h                      |   2 +-
 src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp                   | 128 +++++++-------
 src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h                     | 103 +++++++++---
 src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp               |  12 +-
 src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h                 |   6 +-
 src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp                    |  15 --
 src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h                      |  43 +----
 src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp                |  35 ++--
 src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h                  |  15 --
 src/kiwano/2d/Layer.cpp                    |  53 +-----
 src/kiwano/2d/Layer.h                      |  38 +----
 src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.cpp               | 105 ++++--------
 src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.h                 | 105 ++++++------
 src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.cpp                   |  38 +----
 src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.h                     |  30 +---
 src/kiwano/2d/Stage.cpp                    |  17 ++
 src/kiwano/2d/Stage.h                      |  44 +++++
 src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp                |  15 +-
 src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h                  |  40 +++--
 src/kiwano/2d/Transition.cpp               |   4 +-
 src/kiwano/platform/Director.cpp           |   1 -
 src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.cpp              |  52 ++----
 src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.h                | 135 +++++++--------
 src/kiwano/renderer/Color.h                |  91 ++++++----
 src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp       | 114 +++----------
 src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h         |  57 ++++---
 src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp           |   6 +-
 src/kiwano/renderer/TextLayout.h           |  33 ++--
 src/kiwano/renderer/TextStyle.hpp          | 106 +++++++-----
 src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.cpp | 186 ++++++++-------------
 src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.h   |  12 +-
 src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp         |   3 +-
 34 files changed, 757 insertions(+), 918 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiLayer.cpp b/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiLayer.cpp
index ad29c3e1..94890048 100644
--- a/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiLayer.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano-imgui/ImGuiLayer.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		void ImGuiLayer::OnRender(RenderTarget* rt)
 		{
-			PrepareRender(rt);
+			PrepareToRender(rt);
 			for (const auto& pipeline : pipelines_)
 			{
 				pipeline.second();
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Actor.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Actor.cpp
index c4b03a4a..6d1205df 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Actor.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Actor.cpp
@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (children_.empty())
 		{
-			OnRender(rt);
+			if (CheckVisibilty(rt))
+			{
+				PrepareToRender(rt);
+				OnRender(rt);
+			}
 		}
 		else
 		{
@@ -108,7 +112,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 				child = child->next_item().get();
 			}
 
-			OnRender(rt);
+			if (CheckVisibilty(rt))
+			{
+				PrepareToRender(rt);
+				OnRender(rt);
+			}
 
 			while (child)
 			{
@@ -118,10 +126,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Actor::PrepareRender(RenderTarget* rt)
+	void Actor::PrepareToRender(RenderTarget* rt)
 	{
 		rt->SetTransform(transform_matrix_);
-		rt->SetOpacity(displayed_opacity_);
 	}
 
 	void Actor::RenderBorder(RenderTarget* rt)
@@ -132,10 +139,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 			rt->SetTransform(transform_matrix_);
 
-			rt->SetDefaultBrushColor(Color(Color::Red, .4f));
+			rt->SetCurrentBrush(GetStage()->GetBorderFillBrush());
 			rt->FillRectangle(bounds);
 
-			rt->SetDefaultBrushColor(Color(Color::Red, .8f));
+			rt->SetCurrentBrush(GetStage()->GetBorderStrokeBrush());
 			rt->DrawRectangle(bounds, 2.f);
 		}
 
@@ -150,7 +157,15 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (dirty_visibility_)
 		{
 			dirty_visibility_ = false;
-			visible_in_rt_ = rt->CheckVisibility(GetBounds(), GetTransformMatrix());
+
+			if (size_.IsOrigin())
+			{
+				visible_in_rt_ = false;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				visible_in_rt_ = rt->CheckVisibility(GetBounds(), GetTransformMatrix());
+			}
 		}
 		return visible_in_rt_;
 	}
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Actor.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Actor.h
index 9fcfc9fe..a73473f0 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Actor.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Actor.h
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		virtual void Render(RenderTarget* rt);
 
-		virtual void PrepareRender(RenderTarget* rt);
+		virtual void PrepareToRender(RenderTarget* rt);
 
 		virtual void RenderBorder(RenderTarget* rt);
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
index 545f0929..0f009977 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
@@ -27,11 +27,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 	Canvas::Canvas()
 		: cache_expired_(false)
 		, stroke_width_(1.0f)
-		, fill_color_(0, 0, 0)
-		, stroke_color_(Color::White)
 		, stroke_style_(StrokeStyle::Miter)
 	{
-		Renderer::instance().CreateTextureRenderTarget(rt_);
 	}
 
 	Canvas::~Canvas()
@@ -40,11 +37,13 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::BeginDraw()
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->BeginDraw();
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::EndDraw()
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->EndDraw();
 		cache_expired_ = true;
 	}
@@ -55,51 +54,17 @@ namespace kiwano
 		
 		if (texture_cached_ && texture_cached_->IsValid())
 		{
-			PrepareRender(rt);
+			PrepareToRender(rt);
 
 			Rect bitmap_rect(0.f, 0.f, texture_cached_->GetWidth(), texture_cached_->GetHeight());
 			rt->DrawTexture(*texture_cached_, bitmap_rect, bitmap_rect);
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Canvas::SetStrokeColor(Color const& color)
+	void Canvas::SetBrush(BrushPtr brush)
 	{
-		stroke_color_ = color;
-	}
-
-	void Canvas::SetFillColor(Color const& color)
-	{
-		fill_color_ = color;
-	}
-
-	void Canvas::SetStrokeWidth(float width)
-	{
-		stroke_width_ = std::max(width, 0.f);
-	}
-
-	void Canvas::SetStrokeStyle(StrokeStyle stroke_style)
-	{
-		stroke_style_ = stroke_style;
-	}
-
-	void Canvas::SetTextStyle(TextStyle const & text_style)
-	{
-		text_style_ = text_style;
-	}
-
-	void Canvas::SetBrushOpacity(float opacity)
-	{
-		rt_->SetOpacity(opacity);
-	}
-
-	Color Canvas::GetStrokeColor() const
-	{
-		return stroke_color_;
-	}
-
-	Color Canvas::GetFillColor() const
-	{
-		return fill_color_;
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(brush);
 	}
 
 	float Canvas::GetStrokeWidth() const
@@ -107,44 +72,46 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return stroke_width_;
 	}
 
-	float Canvas::GetBrushOpacity() const
-	{
-		return rt_->GetOpacity();
-	}
-
 	void Canvas::SetBrushTransform(Transform const& transform)
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->SetTransform(transform.ToMatrix());
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::SetBrushTransform(Matrix3x2 const & transform)
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->SetTransform(transform);
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::PushLayerArea(LayerArea& area)
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->PushLayer(area);
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::PopLayerArea()
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->PopLayer();
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::PushClipRect(Rect const& clip_rect)
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->PushClipRect(clip_rect);
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::PopClipRect()
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->PopClipRect();
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::DrawLine(Point const& begin, Point const& end)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(stroke_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(stroke_brush_);
 		rt_->DrawLine(
 			begin,
 			end,
@@ -156,7 +123,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::DrawCircle(Point const& center, float radius)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(stroke_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(stroke_brush_);
 		rt_->DrawEllipse(
 			center,
 			Vec2(radius, radius),
@@ -168,7 +136,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::DrawEllipse(Point const& center, Vec2 const& radius)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(stroke_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(stroke_brush_);
 		rt_->DrawEllipse(
 			center,
 			radius,
@@ -180,7 +149,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::DrawRect(Rect const& rect)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(stroke_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(stroke_brush_);
 		rt_->DrawRectangle(
 			rect,
 			stroke_width_,
@@ -191,7 +161,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::DrawRoundedRect(Rect const& rect, Vec2 const& radius)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(stroke_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(stroke_brush_);
 		rt_->DrawRoundedRectangle(
 			rect,
 			radius,
@@ -203,7 +174,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::FillCircle(Point const& center, float radius)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(fill_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(fill_brush_);
 		rt_->FillEllipse(
 			center,
 			Vec2(radius, radius)
@@ -213,7 +185,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::FillEllipse(Point const& center, Vec2 const& radius)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(fill_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(fill_brush_);
 		rt_->FillEllipse(
 			center,
 			radius
@@ -223,7 +196,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::FillRect(Rect const& rect)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(fill_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(fill_brush_);
 		rt_->FillRectangle(
 			rect
 		);
@@ -232,7 +206,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::FillRoundedRect(Rect const& rect, Vec2 const& radius)
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(fill_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(fill_brush_);
 		rt_->FillRoundedRectangle(
 			rect,
 			radius
@@ -244,6 +219,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		if (texture)
 		{
+			InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 			rt_->DrawTexture(*texture, src_rect, dest_rect);
 			cache_expired_ = true;
 		}
@@ -262,6 +238,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::DrawTextLayout(TextLayout const& layout, Point const& point)
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->DrawTextLayout(layout, point);
 	}
 
@@ -297,7 +274,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::StrokePath()
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(stroke_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(stroke_brush_);
 		rt_->DrawGeometry(
 			geo_sink_.GetGeometry(),
 			stroke_width_,
@@ -308,7 +286,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::FillPath()
 	{
-		rt_->SetDefaultBrushColor(fill_color_);
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		rt_->SetCurrentBrush(fill_brush_);
 		rt_->FillGeometry(
 			geo_sink_.GetGeometry()
 		);
@@ -317,12 +296,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Canvas::Clear()
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->Clear();
 		cache_expired_ = true;
 	}
 
 	void Canvas::Clear(Color const& clear_color)
 	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
 		rt_->Clear(clear_color);
 		cache_expired_ = true;
 	}
@@ -333,12 +314,39 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return texture_cached_;
 	}
 
+	void Canvas::InitRenderTargetAndBrushs()
+	{
+		if (!rt_)
+		{
+			Renderer::instance().CreateTextureRenderTarget(rt_);
+		}
+
+		if (!stroke_brush_)
+		{
+			stroke_brush_ = new Brush;
+			stroke_brush_->SetColor(Color::White);
+		}
+
+		if (!fill_brush_)
+		{
+			fill_brush_ = new Brush;
+			fill_brush_->SetColor(Color::White);
+		}
+	}
+
 	void Canvas::UpdateCache() const
 	{
-		if (cache_expired_)
+		if (cache_expired_ && rt_)
 		{
-			texture_cached_ = rt_->GetOutput();
-			cache_expired_ = false;
+			if (!texture_cached_)
+			{
+				texture_cached_ = new Texture;
+			}
+
+			if (rt_->GetOutput(*texture_cached_))
+			{
+				cache_expired_ = false;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
index b7c848d8..a91b740a 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
@@ -183,11 +183,21 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @param color 填充颜色
 		void SetFillColor(Color const& color);
 
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置填充画刷
+		/// @param[in] brush 填充画刷
+		void SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置轮廓颜色
 		/// @param color 轮廓颜色
 		void SetStrokeColor(Color const& color);
 
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置轮廓画刷
+		/// @param[in] brush 轮廓画刷
+		void SetStrokeBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置轮廓宽度
 		/// @param width 轮廓宽度
@@ -204,17 +214,17 @@ namespace kiwano
 		void SetTextStyle(TextStyle const& text_style);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置画笔透明度
-		/// @param opacity 透明度，范围 [0.0 - 1.0]
-		void SetBrushOpacity(float opacity);
+		/// @brief 设置画刷
+		/// @param[in] brush 画刷
+		void SetBrush(BrushPtr brush);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置画笔二维变换
+		/// @brief 设置画刷二维变换
 		/// @param transform 二维变换
 		void SetBrushTransform(Transform const& transform);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置画笔二维变换矩阵
+		/// @brief 设置画刷二维变换矩阵
 		/// @param transform 二维变换矩阵
 		void SetBrushTransform(Matrix3x2 const& transform);
 
@@ -236,21 +246,17 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @brief 删除最近添加的裁剪区域
 		void PopClipRect();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 获取填充颜色
-		Color GetFillColor() const;
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 获取轮廓颜色
-		Color GetStrokeColor() const;
-
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 获取轮廓宽度
 		float GetStrokeWidth() const;
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 获取画笔透明度
-		float GetBrushOpacity() const;
+		/// @brief 获取填充画刷
+		BrushPtr GetFillBrush() const;
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 获取轮廓画刷
+		BrushPtr GetStrokeBrush() const;
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 导出纹理
@@ -259,21 +265,70 @@ namespace kiwano
 		void OnRender(RenderTarget* rt) override;
 
 	private:
+		void InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+
 		void UpdateCache() const;
 
 	private:
-		float					stroke_width_;
-		Color					fill_color_;
-		Color					stroke_color_;
-		TextStyle				text_style_;
-		StrokeStyle				stroke_style_;
-		GeometrySink			geo_sink_;
-		TextureRenderTargetPtr	rt_;
+		float			stroke_width_;
+		TextStyle		text_style_;
+		StrokeStyle		stroke_style_;
+		GeometrySink	geo_sink_;
+		BrushPtr		fill_brush_;
+		BrushPtr		stroke_brush_;
 
-		mutable bool			cache_expired_;
-		mutable TexturePtr		texture_cached_;
+		mutable bool					cache_expired_;
+		mutable TexturePtr				texture_cached_;
+		mutable TextureRenderTargetPtr	rt_;
 	};
 
 	/** @} */
 
+	inline void Canvas::SetStrokeWidth(float width)
+	{
+		stroke_width_ = std::max(width, 0.f);
+	}
+
+	inline void Canvas::SetStrokeStyle(StrokeStyle stroke_style)
+	{
+		stroke_style_ = stroke_style;
+	}
+
+	inline void Canvas::SetTextStyle(TextStyle const& text_style)
+	{
+		text_style_ = text_style;
+	}
+
+	inline void Canvas::SetStrokeColor(Color const& color)
+	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		stroke_brush_->SetColor(color);
+	}
+
+	inline void Canvas::SetFillColor(Color const& color)
+	{
+		InitRenderTargetAndBrushs();
+		fill_brush_->SetColor(color);
+	}
+
+	inline void Canvas::SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+	{
+		fill_brush_ = brush;
+	}
+
+	inline void Canvas::SetStrokeBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+	{
+		stroke_brush_ = brush;
+	}
+
+	inline BrushPtr Canvas::GetFillBrush() const
+	{
+		return fill_brush_;
+	}
+
+	inline BrushPtr Canvas::GetStrokeBrush() const
+	{
+		return stroke_brush_;
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp
index 893dbc1c..7297e468 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.cpp
@@ -47,13 +47,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 	}
 
 	DebugActor::DebugActor()
-		: background_color_(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.7f)
 	{
 		SetName(L"kiwano-debug-actor");
 		SetPosition(Point{ 10, 10 });
 		SetResponsible(true);
 		SetCascadeOpacityEnabled(true);
 
+		background_brush_->SetColor(Color(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.7f));
+
 		debug_text_ = new TextActor;
 		debug_text_->SetPosition(Point{ 10, 10 });
 		this->AddChild(debug_text_);
@@ -75,9 +76,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void DebugActor::OnRender(RenderTarget* rt)
 	{
-		PrepareRender(rt);
-
-		rt->SetDefaultBrushColor(background_color_);
+		rt->SetCurrentBrush(background_brush_);
 		rt->FillRoundedRectangle(GetBounds(), Vec2{ 5.f, 5.f });
 	}
 
@@ -136,4 +135,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 	}
 
+	bool DebugActor::CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const
+	{
+		return true;
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h b/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h
index b2a4b996..e35f2344 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/DebugActor.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <kiwano/2d/Actor.h>
 #include <kiwano/2d/TextActor.h>
 #include <kiwano/renderer/Color.h>
+#include <kiwano/renderer/Brush.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
@@ -46,8 +47,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		void OnUpdate(Duration dt) override;
 
+	protected:
+		bool CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const override;
+
 	private:
-		Color			background_color_;
+		BrushPtr		background_brush_;
 		TextActorPtr	debug_text_;
 		Vector<Time>	frame_time_;
 	};
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp
index 1eba6f23..babe077c 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp
@@ -27,21 +27,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	Frame::Frame(String const& file_path)
-	{
-		Load(file_path);
-	}
-
-	Frame::Frame(Resource const& res)
-	{
-		Load(res);
-	}
-
-	Frame::Frame(TexturePtr texture)
-	{
-		SetTexture(texture);
-	}
-
 	bool Frame::Load(String const& file_path)
 	{
 		TexturePtr texture = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetTexture(file_path);
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h
index 0f51dbfd..cf1f240a 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h
@@ -38,54 +38,29 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @brief 构建空图像帧
 		Frame();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构建图像帧
-		/// @param file_path 图像路径
-		explicit Frame(
-			String const& file_path
-		);
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构建图像帧
-		/// @param res 图像资源
-		explicit Frame(
-			Resource const& res
-		);
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构建图像帧
-		/// @param texture 纹理
-		explicit Frame(
-			TexturePtr texture
-		);
-
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 加载图像
 		/// @param file_path 图像路径
-		bool Load(
-			String const& file_path
-		);
+		bool Load(String const& file_path);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 加载图像
 		/// @param res 图像资源
-		bool Load(
-			Resource const& res
-		);
+		bool Load(Resource const& res);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 裁剪图像帧为矩形
 		/// @param crop_rect 裁剪矩形定义
-		void SetCropRect(
-			Rect const& crop_rect
-		);
+		void SetCropRect(Rect const& crop_rect);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置纹理
 		/// @param texture 纹理
-		void SetTexture(
-			TexturePtr texture
-		);
+		void SetTexture(TexturePtr texture);
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 是否有效
+		bool IsValid() const;
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 获取宽度
@@ -116,7 +91,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		Rect crop_rect_;
 	};
 
-
+	inline bool				Frame::IsValid() const		{ return texture_ && texture_->IsValid(); }
 	inline float			Frame::GetWidth() const		{ return crop_rect_.GetWidth(); }
 	inline float			Frame::GetHeight() const	{ return crop_rect_.GetHeight(); }
 	inline Size				Frame::GetSize() const		{ return crop_rect_.GetSize(); }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp
index 39bbfd26..30e0e670 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp
@@ -33,22 +33,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	GifSprite::GifSprite(String const& file_path)
-	{
-		Load(file_path);
-	}
-
-	GifSprite::GifSprite(Resource const& res)
-		: GifSprite()
-	{
-		Load(res);
-	}
-
-	GifSprite::GifSprite(GifImagePtr gif)
-	{
-		Load(gif);
-	}
-
 	bool GifSprite::Load(String const& file_path)
 	{
 		GifImagePtr image = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetGifImage(file_path);
@@ -91,7 +75,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		if (frame_to_render_ && CheckVisibilty(rt))
 		{
-			PrepareRender(rt);
+			PrepareToRender(rt);
 
 			rt->DrawTexture(*frame_to_render_, &frame_.rect, nullptr);
 		}
@@ -197,8 +181,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 			frame_rt_->EndDraw();
 
-			frame_to_render_ = frame_rt_->GetOutput();
-			if (frame_to_render_)
+			if (!frame_to_render_)
+			{
+				frame_to_render_ = new Texture;
+			}
+
+			if (frame_rt_->GetOutput(*frame_to_render_))
 			{
 				next_index_ = (++next_index_) % gif_->GetFramesCount();
 			}
@@ -218,9 +206,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 	void GifSprite::SaveComposedFrame()
 	{
 		KGE_ASSERT(frame_rt_);
-		TexturePtr frame_to_be_saved = frame_rt_->GetOutput();
 
-		HRESULT hr = frame_to_be_saved ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
+		TexturePtr frame_to_be_saved = new Texture;
+
+		HRESULT hr = frame_rt_->GetOutput(*frame_to_be_saved) ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
@@ -248,9 +237,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			TexturePtr frame_to_copy_to = frame_rt_->GetOutput();
+			TexturePtr frame_to_copy_to = new Texture;
 
-			hr = frame_to_copy_to ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
+			hr = frame_rt_->GetOutput(*frame_to_copy_to) ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
 
 			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 			{
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h b/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h
index 3da88764..62db688a 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h
@@ -51,21 +51,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		GifSprite();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构造GIF精灵
-		/// @param file_path GIF图片路径
-		GifSprite(String const& file_path);
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构造GIF精灵
-		/// @param res GIF图片资源
-		GifSprite(Resource const& res);
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构造GIF精灵
-		/// @param gif GIF图片
-		GifSprite(GifImagePtr gif);
-
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 加载GIF图片
 		/// @param file_path GIF图片路径
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Layer.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Layer.cpp
index f4b3a454..af1ccd57 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Layer.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Layer.cpp
@@ -27,16 +27,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	Layer::Layer()
 		: swallow_(false)
 	{
-		auto handler = Closure(this, &Layer::HandleMessages);
-
-		AddListener<MouseDownEvent>(handler);
-		AddListener<MouseUpEvent>(handler);
-		AddListener<MouseMoveEvent>(handler);
-		AddListener<MouseWheelEvent>(handler);
-
-		AddListener<KeyDownEvent>(handler);
-		AddListener<KeyUpEvent>(handler);
-		AddListener<KeyCharEvent>(handler);
 	}
 
 	Layer::~Layer()
@@ -84,50 +74,17 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Layer::Render(RenderTarget* rt)
 	{
-		PrepareRender(rt);
-
 		rt->PushLayer(area_);
+
 		Actor::Render(rt);
+
 		rt->PopLayer();
 	}
 
-	void Layer::HandleMessages(Event& evt)
+	bool Layer::CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const
 	{
-		if (evt.IsType<MouseDownEvent>())
-		{
-			const auto& real_evt = evt.SafeCast<MouseDownEvent>();
-			OnMouseButtonDown(real_evt.button, real_evt.pos);
-		}
-		else if (evt.IsType<MouseUpEvent>())
-		{
-			const auto& real_evt = evt.SafeCast<MouseUpEvent>();
-			OnMouseButtonUp(real_evt.button, real_evt.pos);
-		}
-		else if (evt.IsType<MouseMoveEvent>())
-		{
-			const auto& real_evt = evt.SafeCast<MouseMoveEvent>();
-			OnMouseMoved(real_evt.pos);
-		}
-		else if (evt.IsType<MouseWheelEvent>())
-		{
-			const auto& real_evt = evt.SafeCast<MouseWheelEvent>();
-			OnMouseWheel(real_evt.wheel);
-		}
-		else if (evt.IsType<KeyDownEvent>())
-		{
-			const auto& real_evt = evt.SafeCast<KeyDownEvent>();
-			OnKeyDown(real_evt.code);
-		}
-		else if (evt.IsType<KeyUpEvent>())
-		{
-			const auto& real_evt = evt.SafeCast<KeyUpEvent>();
-			OnKeyUp(real_evt.code);
-		}
-		else if (evt.IsType<KeyCharEvent>())
-		{
-			const auto& real_evt = evt.SafeCast<KeyCharEvent>();
-			OnChar(real_evt.value);
-		}
+		// Do not need to render Layer
+		return false;
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Layer.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Layer.h
index 5524d346..a7d7ff7c 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Layer.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Layer.h
@@ -82,48 +82,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @brief 获取图层区域
 		LayerArea const& GetArea() const;
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 重载该函数以处理鼠标按下消息
-		/// @param btn 鼠标按键键值
-		/// @param pos 鼠标位置
-		virtual void OnMouseButtonDown(MouseButton::Value btn, Point const& pos) {}
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 重载该函数以处理鼠标抬起消息
-		/// @param btn 鼠标按键键值
-		/// @param pos 鼠标位置
-		virtual void OnMouseButtonUp(MouseButton::Value btn, Point const& pos) {}
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 重载该函数以处理鼠标移动消息
-		/// @param pos 鼠标位置
-		virtual void OnMouseMoved(Point const& pos) {}
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 重载该函数以处理鼠标滚轮消息
-		virtual void OnMouseWheel(float wheel) {}
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 重载该函数以处理键盘按键按下消息
-		/// @param key 键盘按键键值
-		virtual void OnKeyDown(KeyCode::Value key) {}
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 重载该函数以处理键盘按键抬起消息
-		/// @param key 键盘按键键值
-		virtual void OnKeyUp(KeyCode::Value key) {}
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 重载该函数以处理键盘字符消息
-		/// @param c 字符
-		virtual void OnChar(char c) {}
-
 		void Dispatch(Event& evt) override;
 
 	protected:
 		void Render(RenderTarget* rt) override;
 
-		void HandleMessages(Event& evt);
+		bool CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const override;
 
 	private:
 		bool		swallow_;
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.cpp
index dd90f5b7..0add42d1 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.cpp
@@ -25,19 +25,11 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 	ShapeActor::ShapeActor()
-		: fill_color_(Color::White)
-		, stroke_color_(Color(Color::Black, 0))
-		, stroke_width_(1.f)
+		: stroke_width_(1.f)
 		, stroke_style_(StrokeStyle::Miter)
 	{
 	}
 
-	ShapeActor::ShapeActor(Geometry const& geometry)
-		: ShapeActor()
-	{
-		SetGeometry(geometry);
-	}
-
 	ShapeActor::~ShapeActor()
 	{
 	}
@@ -60,16 +52,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return geo_.ContainsPoint(point, GetTransformMatrix());
 	}
 
-	void ShapeActor::SetFillColor(const Color & color)
-	{
-		fill_color_ = color;
-	}
-
-	void ShapeActor::SetStrokeColor(const Color & color)
-	{
-		stroke_color_ = color;
-	}
-
 	void ShapeActor::SetStrokeWidth(float width)
 	{
 		stroke_width_ = std::max(width, 0.f);
@@ -97,22 +79,29 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void ShapeActor::OnRender(RenderTarget* rt)
 	{
-		if (geo_.IsValid() && CheckVisibilty(rt))
+		// Create default brush
+		if (!fill_brush_)
 		{
-			PrepareRender(rt);
-
-			rt->SetDefaultBrushColor(stroke_color_);
-			rt->DrawGeometry(
-				geo_,
-				stroke_width_ * 2,  // twice width for widening
-				stroke_style_
-			);
-
-			rt->SetDefaultBrushColor(fill_color_);
-			rt->FillGeometry(
-				geo_
-			);
+			fill_brush_ = new Brush;
+			fill_brush_->SetColor(Color::White);
 		}
+
+		if (!stroke_brush_)
+		{
+			stroke_brush_ = new Brush;
+			stroke_brush_->SetColor(Color::Transparent);
+		}
+
+		rt->SetCurrentBrush(stroke_brush_);
+		rt->DrawGeometry(geo_, stroke_width_ * 2 /* twice width for widening */, stroke_style_);
+
+		rt->SetCurrentBrush(fill_brush_);
+		rt->FillGeometry(geo_);
+	}
+
+	bool ShapeActor::CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const
+	{
+		return geo_.IsValid() && Actor::CheckVisibilty(rt);
 	}
 
 	//-------------------------------------------------------
@@ -123,11 +112,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	LineActor::LineActor(Point const& begin, Point const& end)
-	{
-		SetLine(begin, end);
-	}
-
 	LineActor::~LineActor()
 	{
 	}
@@ -151,11 +135,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	RectActor::RectActor(Size const& size)
-	{
-		SetRectSize(size);
-	}
-
 	RectActor::~RectActor()
 	{
 	}
@@ -178,11 +157,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	RoundRectActor::RoundRectActor(Size const& size, Vec2 const& radius)
-	{
-		SetRoundedRect(size, radius);
-	}
-
 	RoundRectActor::~RoundRectActor()
 	{
 	}
@@ -217,11 +191,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	CircleActor::CircleActor(float radius)
-	{
-		SetRadius(radius);
-	}
-
 	CircleActor::~CircleActor()
 	{
 	}
@@ -244,11 +213,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	EllipseActor::EllipseActor(Vec2 const& radius)
-	{
-		SetRadius(radius);
-	}
-
 	EllipseActor::~EllipseActor()
 	{
 	}
@@ -271,11 +235,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	PolygonActor::PolygonActor(Vector<Point> const& points)
-	{
-		SetVertices(points);
-	}
-
 	PolygonActor::~PolygonActor()
 	{
 	}
@@ -296,23 +255,23 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 
 	//-------------------------------------------------------
-	// PathActor
+	// PathShapeActor
 	//-------------------------------------------------------
 
-	PathActor::PathActor()
+	PathShapeActor::PathShapeActor()
 	{
 	}
 
-	PathActor::~PathActor()
+	PathShapeActor::~PathShapeActor()
 	{
 	}
 
-	void PathActor::BeginPath(Point const& begin_pos)
+	void PathShapeActor::BeginPath(Point const& begin_pos)
 	{
 		sink_.BeginPath(begin_pos);
 	}
 
-	void PathActor::EndPath(bool closed)
+	void PathShapeActor::EndPath(bool closed)
 	{
 		sink_.EndPath(closed);
 		Geometry geo = sink_.GetGeometry();
@@ -323,27 +282,27 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 	}
 
-	void PathActor::AddLine(Point const& point)
+	void PathShapeActor::AddLine(Point const& point)
 	{
 		sink_.AddLine(point);
 	}
 
-	void PathActor::AddLines(Vector<Point> const& points)
+	void PathShapeActor::AddLines(Vector<Point> const& points)
 	{
 		sink_.AddLines(points);
 	}
 
-	void PathActor::AddBezier(Point const& point1, Point const& point2, Point const& point3)
+	void PathShapeActor::AddBezier(Point const& point1, Point const& point2, Point const& point3)
 	{
 		sink_.AddBezier(point1, point2, point3);
 	}
 
-	void PathActor::AddArc(Point const& point, Size const& radius, float rotation, bool clockwise, bool is_small)
+	void PathShapeActor::AddArc(Point const& point, Size const& radius, float rotation, bool clockwise, bool is_small)
 	{
 		sink_.AddArc(point, radius, rotation, clockwise, is_small);
 	}
 
-	void PathActor::ClearPath()
+	void PathShapeActor::ClearPath()
 	{
 		SetGeometry(Geometry());
 	}
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.h b/src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.h
index 6963274f..93d21e03 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/ShapeActor.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <kiwano/2d/Actor.h>
+#include <kiwano/renderer/Brush.h>
 #include <kiwano/renderer/Geometry.h>
 #include <kiwano/renderer/StrokeStyle.h>
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(CircleActor);
 	KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(EllipseActor);
 	KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(PolygonActor);
-	KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(PathActor);
+	KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(PathShapeActor);
 
 	/**
 	* \addtogroup Actors
@@ -41,25 +42,25 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	/**
 	* \~chinese
-	* @brief 二维图形角色
+	* @brief 二维形状角色
 	*/
 	class KGE_API ShapeActor
 		: public Actor
 	{
 	public:
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 构造二维形状角色
 		ShapeActor();
 
-		ShapeActor(Geometry const& geometry);
-
 		virtual ~ShapeActor();
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 获取填充颜色
-		Color GetFillColor() const;
+		/// @brief 获取填充画刷
+		BrushPtr GetFillBrush() const;
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 获取线条颜色
-		Color GetStrokeColor() const;
+		/// @brief 获取轮廓画刷
+		BrushPtr GetStrokeBrush() const;
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 获取线条宽度
@@ -87,11 +88,23 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置填充颜色
-		void SetFillColor(const Color& color);
+		/// @param color 填充颜色
+		void SetFillColor(Color const& color);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置线条颜色
-		void SetStrokeColor(const Color& color);
+		/// @brief 设置填充画刷
+		/// @param[in] brush 填充画刷
+		void SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置轮廓颜色
+		/// @param color 轮廓颜色
+		void SetStrokeColor(Color const& color);
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置轮廓画刷
+		/// @param[in] brush 轮廓画刷
+		void SetStrokeBrush(BrushPtr brush);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置线条宽度，默认为 1.0
@@ -107,9 +120,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		void OnRender(RenderTarget* rt) override;
 
+	protected:
+		bool CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const override;
+
 	private:
-		Color		fill_color_;
-		Color		stroke_color_;
+		BrushPtr	fill_brush_;
+		BrushPtr	stroke_brush_;
 		float		stroke_width_;
 		StrokeStyle	stroke_style_;
 		Rect		bounds_;
@@ -125,12 +141,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	public:
 		LineActor();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 线段图形角色
-		/// @param begin 线段起点
-		/// @param end 线段终点
-		LineActor(Point const& begin, Point const& end);
-
 		virtual ~LineActor();
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -171,11 +181,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	public:
 		RectActor();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构造矩形角色
-		/// @param size 矩形大小
-		RectActor(Size const& size);
-
 		virtual ~RectActor();
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -201,12 +206,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	public:
 		RoundRectActor();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构造圆角矩形角色
-		/// @param size 圆角矩形大小
-		/// @param radius 圆角半径
-		RoundRectActor(Size const& size, Vec2 const& radius);
-
 		virtual ~RoundRectActor();
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -247,11 +246,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	public:
 		CircleActor();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构造圆形角色
-		/// @param radius 圆形半径
-		CircleActor(float radius);
-
 		virtual ~CircleActor();
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -276,11 +270,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	public:
 		EllipseActor();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构造椭圆角色
-		/// @param radius 椭圆半径
-		EllipseActor(Vec2 const& radius);
-
 		virtual ~EllipseActor();
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -305,11 +294,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	public:
 		PolygonActor();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 构造多边形角色
-		/// @param points 多边形端点集合
-		PolygonActor(Vector<Point> const& points);
-
 		virtual ~PolygonActor();
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -321,13 +305,13 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	/// \~chinese
 	/// @brief 路径图形角色
-	class KGE_API PathActor
+	class KGE_API PathShapeActor
 		: public ShapeActor
 	{
 	public:
-		PathActor();
+		PathShapeActor();
 
-		virtual ~PathActor();
+		virtual ~PathShapeActor();
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 开始添加路径
@@ -374,10 +358,29 @@ namespace kiwano
 	};
 
 	/** @} */
-	
 
-	inline Color		ShapeActor::GetFillColor() const				{ return fill_color_; }
-	inline Color		ShapeActor::GetStrokeColor() const				{ return stroke_color_; }
+	inline void ShapeActor::SetStrokeColor(Color const& color)
+	{
+		if (!stroke_brush_)
+		{
+			stroke_brush_ = new Brush;
+		}
+		stroke_brush_->SetColor(color);
+	}
+
+	inline void ShapeActor::SetFillColor(Color const& color)
+	{
+		if (!fill_brush_)
+		{
+			fill_brush_ = new Brush;
+		}
+		fill_brush_->SetColor(color);
+	}
+
+	inline void			ShapeActor::SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)		{ fill_brush_ = brush; }
+	inline void			ShapeActor::SetStrokeBrush(BrushPtr brush)		{ stroke_brush_ = brush; }
+	inline BrushPtr		ShapeActor::GetFillBrush() const				{ return fill_brush_; }
+	inline BrushPtr		ShapeActor::GetStrokeBrush() const				{ return stroke_brush_; }
 	inline float		ShapeActor::GetStrokeWidth() const				{ return stroke_width_; }
 	inline StrokeStyle	ShapeActor::SetStrokeStyle() const				{ return stroke_style_; }
 	inline Geometry		ShapeActor::GetGeometry() const					{ return geo_; }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.cpp
index d5ff9e8b..1c1dd78d 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.cpp
@@ -27,34 +27,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	Sprite::Sprite(String const& file_path)
-	{
-		Load(file_path);
-	}
-
-	Sprite::Sprite(String const& file_path, Rect const& crop_rect)
-	{
-		Load(file_path);
-		SetCropRect(crop_rect);
-	}
-
-	Sprite::Sprite(Resource const& res)
-	{
-		Load(res);
-	}
-
-	Sprite::Sprite(Resource const& res, const Rect& crop_rect)
-	{
-		Load(res);
-		SetCropRect(crop_rect);
-	}
-
-	Sprite::Sprite(FramePtr frame)
-		: frame_(nullptr)
-	{
-		SetFrame(frame);
-	}
-
 	Sprite::~Sprite()
 	{
 	}
@@ -104,11 +76,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Sprite::OnRender(RenderTarget* rt)
 	{
-		if (frame_ && CheckVisibilty(rt))
-		{
-			PrepareRender(rt);
+		rt->DrawTexture(*frame_->GetTexture(), &frame_->GetCropRect(), &GetBounds(), GetDisplayedOpacity());
+	}
 
-			rt->DrawTexture(*frame_->GetTexture(), &frame_->GetCropRect(), &GetBounds());
-		}
+	bool Sprite::CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const
+	{
+		return frame_ && frame_->IsValid() && Actor::CheckVisibilty(rt);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.h
index 77f38c59..3af8a1ec 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Sprite.h
@@ -41,33 +41,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	public:
 		Sprite();
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 从本地图片构造精灵
-		/// @param file_path 本地图片路径
-		explicit Sprite(String const& file_path);
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 从图片资源构造精灵
-		/// @param res 图片资源
-		explicit Sprite(Resource const& res);
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 从图像帧构造精灵
-		/// @param[in] frame 图像帧
-		explicit Sprite(FramePtr frame);
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 从本地图片构造精灵并裁剪
-		/// @param file_path 本地图片路径
-		/// @param crop_rect 裁剪矩形
-		Sprite(String const& file_path, Rect const& crop_rect);
-
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 从图片资源构造精灵并裁剪
-		/// @param res 图片资源
-		/// @param crop_rect 裁剪矩形
-		Sprite(Resource const& res, Rect const& crop_rect);
-
 		virtual ~Sprite();
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -96,6 +69,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		void OnRender(RenderTarget* rt) override;
 
+	protected:
+		bool CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const override;
+
 	private:
 		FramePtr frame_;
 	};
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Stage.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Stage.cpp
index 5b2d171c..1a8b676e 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Stage.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Stage.cpp
@@ -46,4 +46,21 @@ namespace kiwano
 		// KGE_SYS_LOG(L"Stage exited");
 	}
 
+	void Stage::RenderBorder(RenderTarget* rt)
+	{
+		if (!border_fill_brush_)
+		{
+			border_fill_brush_ = new Brush;
+			border_fill_brush_->SetColor(Color(Color::Red, .4f));
+		}
+
+		if (!border_stroke_brush_)
+		{
+			border_stroke_brush_ = new Brush;
+			border_stroke_brush_->SetColor(Color(Color::Red, .8f));
+		}
+
+		Actor::RenderBorder(rt);
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Stage.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Stage.h
index f97005a4..2798dd9e 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Stage.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Stage.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <kiwano/2d/Actor.h>
+#include <kiwano/renderer/Brush.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
@@ -56,8 +57,51 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @brief 退出舞台时
 		/// @details 重载该函数以处理退出舞台前的行为
 		virtual void OnExit();
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 获取角色边界填充画刷
+		BrushPtr GetBorderFillBrush() const;
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 获取角色边界轮廓画刷
+		BrushPtr GetBorderStrokeBrush() const;
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置角色边界填充画刷
+		void SetBorderFillBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置角色边界轮廓画刷
+		void SetBorderStrokeBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+
+	protected:
+		void RenderBorder(RenderTarget* rt) override;
+
+	private:
+		BrushPtr border_fill_brush_;
+		BrushPtr border_stroke_brush_;
 	};
 
 	/** @} */
 
+	inline BrushPtr Stage::GetBorderFillBrush() const
+	{
+		return border_fill_brush_;
+	}
+
+	inline BrushPtr Stage::GetBorderStrokeBrush() const
+	{
+		return border_stroke_brush_;
+	}
+
+	inline void Stage::SetBorderFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+	{
+		border_fill_brush_ = brush;
+	}
+
+	inline void Stage::SetBorderStrokeBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+	{
+		border_stroke_brush_ = brush;
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp
index 96f49c0e..3f79560c 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.cpp
@@ -56,16 +56,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void TextActor::OnRender(RenderTarget* rt)
 	{
-		UpdateLayout();
-
-		if (text_layout_.IsValid() && CheckVisibilty(rt))
-		{
-			PrepareRender(rt);
-			rt->DrawTextLayout(text_layout_);
-		}
+		rt->DrawTextLayout(text_layout_);
 	}
 
-	void TextActor::UpdateLayout()
+	void TextActor::OnUpdate(Duration dt)
 	{
 		if (text_layout_.IsDirty())
 		{
@@ -73,4 +67,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 			SetSize(text_layout_.GetLayoutSize());
 		}
 	}
+
+	bool TextActor::CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const
+	{
+		return text_layout_.IsValid() && Actor::CheckVisibilty(rt);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h b/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h
index 11e701f6..b543604e 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/TextActor.h
@@ -98,8 +98,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 		void SetFontWeight(uint32_t weight);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置文字颜色（默认值为 Color::White）
-		void SetColor(Color const& color);
+		/// @brief 设置文字填充画刷
+		void SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置文字填充颜色（默认值为 Color::White）
+		void SetFillColor(Color const& color);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置文字斜体（默认值为 false）
@@ -118,19 +122,19 @@ namespace kiwano
 		void SetAlignment(TextAlign align);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置是否显示描边
-		void SetOutline(bool enable);
+		/// @brief 设置文字描边画刷
+		void SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置描边颜色
+		/// @brief 设置文字描边颜色
 		void SetOutlineColor(Color const& outline_color);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置描边线宽
+		/// @brief 设置文字描边线宽
 		void SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置描边线相交样式
+		/// @brief 设置文字描边线相交样式
 		void SetOutlineStroke(StrokeStyle outline_stroke);
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -141,16 +145,17 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @brief 设置是否显示删除线（默认值为 false）
 		void SetStrikethrough(bool enable);
 
-		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 更新文本布局
-		void UpdateLayout();
-
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置默认文字样式
 		static void SetDefaultStyle(TextStyle const& style);
 
 		void OnRender(RenderTarget* rt) override;
 
+		void OnUpdate(Duration dt) override;
+
+	protected:
+		bool CheckVisibilty(RenderTarget* rt) const override;
+
 	private:
 		TextLayout	text_layout_;
 	};
@@ -237,14 +242,19 @@ namespace kiwano
 		text_layout_.SetStrikethrough(enable, 0, text_layout_.GetText().length());
 	}
 
-	inline void TextActor::SetColor(Color const& color)
+	inline void TextActor::SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)
 	{
-		text_layout_.SetColor(color);
+		text_layout_.SetFillBrush(brush);
 	}
 
-	inline void TextActor::SetOutline(bool enable)
+	inline void TextActor::SetFillColor(Color const& color)
 	{
-		text_layout_.SetOutline(enable);
+		text_layout_.SetFillColor(color);
+	}
+
+	inline void TextActor::SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+	{
+		text_layout_.SetOutlineBrush(brush);
 	}
 
 	inline void TextActor::SetOutlineColor(Color const& outline_color)
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Transition.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Transition.cpp
index 33c47f1c..9b00d1b7 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Transition.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Transition.cpp
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		if (out_stage_)
 		{
-			out_stage_->PrepareRender(rt);
+			out_stage_->PrepareToRender(rt);
 			rt->PushClipRect(Rect{ Point{}, window_size_ });
 			rt->PushLayer(out_layer_);
 
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (in_stage_)
 		{
-			in_stage_->PrepareRender(rt);
+			in_stage_->PrepareToRender(rt);
 			rt->PushClipRect(Rect{ Point{}, window_size_ });
 			rt->PushLayer(in_layer_);
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/platform/Director.cpp b/src/kiwano/platform/Director.cpp
index 007320dd..a8c2877c 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/platform/Director.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/platform/Director.cpp
@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (render_border_enabled_)
 		{
-			rt->SetOpacity(1.f);
 			if (current_stage_)
 			{
 				current_stage_->RenderBorder(rt);
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.cpp
index 6b9f1a08..922a2647 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,15 @@
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
-	SolidColorStyle::SolidColorStyle(Color const& color)
-		: color(color)
+	GradientStop::GradientStop()
+		: offset(0.f)
+		, color()
+	{
+	}
+
+	GradientStop::GradientStop(float offset, Color color)
+		: offset(offset)
+		, color(color)
 	{
 	}
 
@@ -52,41 +59,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	Brush::Brush(Color const& color)
-		: Brush()
-	{
-		SetColor(color);
-	}
-
-	Brush::Brush(SolidColorStyle const& style)
-		: Brush()
-	{
-		SetStyle(style);
-	}
-
-	Brush::Brush(LinearGradientStyle const& style)
-		: Brush()
-	{
-		SetStyle(style);
-	}
-
-	Brush::Brush(RadialGradientStyle const& style)
-		: Brush()
-	{
-		SetStyle(style);
-	}
-
 	bool Brush::IsValid() const
 	{
 		return raw_ != nullptr;
 	}
 
-	Brush::Brush(ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> brush)
-		: Brush()
-	{
-		SetBrush(brush);
-	}
-
 	float Brush::GetOpacity() const
 	{
 		return opacity_;
@@ -101,17 +78,17 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Brush::SetStyle(SolidColorStyle const& style)
+	void Brush::SetColor(Color const& color)
 	{
 		if (type_ == Type::SolidColor && raw_)
 		{
 			auto solid_brush = dynamic_cast<ID2D1SolidColorBrush*>(raw_.get());
 			KGE_ASSERT(solid_brush != nullptr);
-			solid_brush->SetColor(DX::ConvertToColorF(style.color));
+			solid_brush->SetColor(DX::ConvertToColorF(color));
 		}
 		else
 		{
-			Renderer::instance().CreateSolidBrush(*this, style.color);
+			Renderer::instance().CreateSolidBrush(*this, color);
 			type_ = Type::SolidColor;
 		}
 	}
@@ -128,11 +105,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 		type_ = Type::RadialGradient;
 	}
 
-	void Brush::SetBrush(ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> const& brush)
+	void Brush::SetBrush(ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> brush, Type type)
 	{
-		type_ = Type::Unknown;
+		type_ = type;
 		raw_ = brush;
-
 		if (raw_)
 		{
 			raw_->SetOpacity(opacity_);
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.h
index 4941152b..310d72b4 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/Brush.h
@@ -19,75 +19,61 @@
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
 #pragma once
+#include <kiwano/core/ObjectBase.h>
 #include <kiwano/renderer/win32/D2DDeviceResources.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
-	// 渐变转换点
+	class RenderTarget;
+	class Renderer;
+
+	KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Brush);
+
+	/// \~chinese
+	/// @brief 渐变转换点
 	struct GradientStop
 	{
-		float offset;
-		Color color;
+		float offset;	///< 偏移距离
+		Color color;	///< 渐变点颜色
 
-		GradientStop() : offset(0.f), color() {}
+		GradientStop();
 
-		GradientStop(float offset, Color color) : offset(offset), color(color) {}
+		GradientStop(float offset, Color color);
 	};
 
-
-	// 渐变扩充模式
-	// 该模式用于指定画笔如何绘制正常区域外的部分
-	// Clamp  (夹模式): 重复绘制边界颜色
-	// Wrap   (夹模式): 重复画笔内容
-	// Mirror (镜像模式): 反转画笔内容
+	/// \~chinese
+	/// @brief 渐变扩充模式
+	/// @details 该模式用于指定画笔如何绘制正常区域外的部分
 	enum class GradientExtendMode
 	{
-		Clamp,
-		Wrap,
-		Mirror
+		Clamp,	///< 夹模式，重复绘制边界颜色
+		Wrap,	///< 包裹模式，重复画笔内容
+		Mirror	///< 镜像模式，反转画笔内容
 	};
 
-
-	// 纯色样式
-	struct SolidColorStyle
-	{
-		Color color;
-
-		SolidColorStyle(Color const& color);
-	};
-
-	// 线性渐变样式
+	/// \~chinese
+	/// @brief 线性渐变样式
 	struct LinearGradientStyle
 	{
-		Point begin;
-		Point end;
-		Vector<GradientStop> stops;
-		GradientExtendMode extend_mode;
+		Point begin;					///< 渐变起始点
+		Point end;						///< 渐变终止点
+		Vector<GradientStop> stops;		///< 渐变转换点集合
+		GradientExtendMode extend_mode;	///< 渐变扩充模式
 
-		LinearGradientStyle(
-			Point const& begin,
-			Point const& end,
-			Vector<GradientStop> const& stops,
-			GradientExtendMode extend_mode = GradientExtendMode::Clamp
-		);
+		LinearGradientStyle(Point const& begin, Point const& end, Vector<GradientStop> const& stops, GradientExtendMode extend_mode = GradientExtendMode::Clamp);
 	};
 
-	// 径向渐变样式
+	/// \~chinese
+	/// @brief 径向渐变样式
 	struct RadialGradientStyle
 	{
-		Point center;
-		Vec2 offset;
-		Vec2 radius;
-		Vector<GradientStop> stops;
-		GradientExtendMode extend_mode;
+		Point center;					///< 径向渐变圆心
+		Vec2 offset;					///< 径向渐变偏移
+		Vec2 radius;					///< 径向渐变半径
+		Vector<GradientStop> stops;		///< 渐变转换点集合
+		GradientExtendMode extend_mode;	///< 渐变扩充模式
 
-		RadialGradientStyle(
-			Point const& center,
-			Vec2 const& offset,
-			Vec2 const& radius,
-			Vector<GradientStop> const& stops,
-			GradientExtendMode extend_mode = GradientExtendMode::Clamp
-		);
+		RadialGradientStyle(Point const& center, Vec2 const& offset, Vec2 const& radius, Vector<GradientStop> const& stops, GradientExtendMode extend_mode = GradientExtendMode::Clamp);
 	};
 
 	/**
@@ -95,49 +81,59 @@ namespace kiwano
 	* @brief 画刷
 	*/
 	class KGE_API Brush
+		: public ObjectBase
 	{
+		friend class RenderTarget;
+		friend class Renderer;
+
 	public:
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 构造默认画刷
 		Brush();
 
-		Brush(Color const& color);
-
-		Brush(SolidColorStyle const& style);
-
-		Brush(LinearGradientStyle const& style);
-
-		Brush(RadialGradientStyle const& style);
-
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 是否有效
 		bool IsValid() const;
 
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置纯色画刷颜色
 		void SetColor(Color const& color);
 
-		void SetStyle(SolidColorStyle const& style);
-
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置线性渐变样式
 		void SetStyle(LinearGradientStyle const& style);
 
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置径向渐变样式
 		void SetStyle(RadialGradientStyle const& style);
 
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 获取透明度
 		float GetOpacity() const;
 
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置透明度
 		void SetOpacity(float opacity);
 
 	public:
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 画刷类型
 		enum class Type
 		{
 			Unknown,
-			SolidColor,			// 纯色填充
-			LinearGradient,		// 线性渐变
-			RadialGradient		// 径向渐变
+			SolidColor,			///< 纯色填充画刷
+			LinearGradient,		///< 线性渐变画刷
+			RadialGradient		///< 径向渐变画刷
 		};
 
-		Type GetType() const { return type_; }
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 获取画刷类型
+		Type GetType() const;
 
-	public:
-		Brush(ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> brush);
+	private:
+		void SetBrush(ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> brush, Type type);
 
-		void SetBrush(ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> const& brush);
-
-		inline ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> const& GetBrush() const { return raw_; }
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> GetBrush() const;
 
 	private:
 		Type type_;
@@ -145,9 +141,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 		ComPtr<ID2D1Brush> raw_;
 	};
 
-	inline void Brush::SetColor(Color const& color)
-	{
-		SetStyle(SolidColorStyle{ color });
-	}
+	inline Brush::Type			Brush::GetType() const		{ return type_; }
+
+	inline ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>	Brush::GetBrush() const		{ return raw_; }
 
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/Color.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/Color.h
index 60049667..6ac7c66e 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/Color.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/Color.h
@@ -24,51 +24,56 @@
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
-	// 颜色
-	//
-	// 使用枚举表示颜色: Color blue = Color::Blue;
-	// 使用 RGB 表示一个颜色: Color red(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
-	// 使用 RGBA 表示一个带透明度的颜色: Color not_black(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f);
-	// 使用一个 uint32_t 类型的值表示 RGB: Color black(0x000000);
-	//
+	/*
+	* \~chinese
+	* @brief 颜色
+	* @details
+	* 使用枚举表示颜色: @code Color blue = Color::Blue; @endcode
+	* 使用 RGB 表示一个颜色: @code Color red = Color(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); @endcode
+	* 使用 RGBA 表示一个带透明度的颜色: @code Color not_white = Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f); @endcode
+	* 使用一个16进制整型值表示 RGB 颜色: @code Color black(0x000000); @endcode
+	*/
 	class KGE_API Color
 	{
 	public:
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 构造颜色
+		/// @details 默认颜色为 R: 0.0, G: 0.0, B: 0.0, A: 1.0
 		Color();
 
-		Color(
-			float r,
-			float g,
-			float b
-		);
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 构造 RGB 颜色
+		/// @param r 红色值，范围 0.0 - 1.0
+		/// @param g 绿色值，范围 0.0 - 1.0
+		/// @param b 蓝色值，范围 0.0 - 1.0
+		Color(float r, float g, float b);
 
-		Color(
-			float r,
-			float g,
-			float b,
-			float alpha
-		);
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 构造 RGBA 颜色
+		/// @param r 红色值，范围 0.0 - 1.0
+		/// @param g 绿色值，范围 0.0 - 1.0
+		/// @param b 蓝色值，范围 0.0 - 1.0
+		/// @param a Alpha值，范围 0.0 - 1.0
+		Color(float r, float g, float b, float alpha);
 
-		Color(
-			uint32_t rgb
-		);
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 构造 RGB 颜色
+		/// @param rgb 使用16进制整形值表示 RGB颜色
+		Color(uint32_t rgb);
 
-		Color(
-			uint32_t rgb,
-			float alpha
-		);
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 构造 RGBA 颜色
+		/// @param rgb 使用16进制整形值表示 RGB 颜色
+		/// @param a Alpha值，范围 0.0 - 1.0
+		Color(uint32_t rgb, float alpha);
 
-		inline bool operator== (const Color& rhs) const
-		{
-			return r == rhs.r && g == rhs.g && b == rhs.b && a == rhs.a;
-		}
+		bool operator== (const Color& rhs) const;
 
-		inline bool operator!= (const Color& rhs) const
-		{
-			return !((*this) == rhs);
-		}
+		bool operator!= (const Color& rhs) const;
 
 	public:
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 常见颜色枚举
 		enum Value : uint32_t
 		{
 			Black			= 0x000000,
@@ -112,12 +117,24 @@ namespace kiwano
 			YellowGreen		= 0x9ACD32
 		};
 
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 透明色
 		static const Color Transparent;
 
 	public:
-		float r;
-		float g;
-		float b;
-		float a;
+		float r;  ///< 红色值
+		float g;  ///< 绿色值
+		float b;  ///< 蓝色值
+		float a;  ///< Alpha值
 	};
+
+	inline bool Color::operator== (const Color& rhs) const
+	{
+		return r == rhs.r && g == rhs.g && b == rhs.b && a == rhs.a;
+	}
+
+	inline bool Color::operator!= (const Color& rhs) const
+	{
+		return !((*this) == rhs);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp
index 4319b9d2..22192bb8 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	//
 
 	RenderTarget::RenderTarget()
-		: opacity_(1.f)
-		, collecting_status_(false)
+		: collecting_status_(false)
 		, fast_global_transform_(true)
 		, antialias_(true)
 		, text_antialias_(TextAntialiasMode::GrayScale)
@@ -57,22 +56,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 			);
 		}
 
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-		{
-			default_brush_.reset();
-			hr = render_target_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
-				D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White),
-				D2D1::BrushProperties(),
-				&default_brush_
-			);
-		}
-
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
 			SetAntialiasMode(antialias_);
 			SetTextAntialiasMode(text_antialias_);
 
-			current_brush_ = default_brush_;
+			current_brush_.reset();
 		}
 
 		return hr;
@@ -82,7 +71,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		text_renderer_.reset();
 		render_target_.reset();
-		default_brush_.reset();
 		current_brush_.reset();
 		device_resources_.reset();
 	}
@@ -128,7 +116,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		{
 			render_target_->DrawGeometry(
 				geometry.GetGeometry().get(),
-				current_brush_.get(),
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get(),
 				stroke_width,
 				GetStrokeStyle(stroke).get()
 			);
@@ -151,7 +139,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		{
 			render_target_->FillGeometry(
 				geometry.GetGeometry().get(),
-				current_brush_.get()
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get()
 			);
 
 			IncreasePrimitivesCount();
@@ -173,7 +161,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			render_target_->DrawLine(
 				DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point1),
 				DX::ConvertToPoint2F(point2),
-				current_brush_.get(),
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get(),
 				stroke_width,
 				GetStrokeStyle(stroke).get()
 			);
@@ -197,7 +185,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		{
 			render_target_->DrawRectangle(
 				DX::ConvertToRectF(rect),
-				current_brush_.get(),
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get(),
 				stroke_width,
 				GetStrokeStyle(stroke).get()
 			);
@@ -220,7 +208,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		{
 			render_target_->FillRectangle(
 				DX::ConvertToRectF(rect),
-				current_brush_.get()
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get()
 			);
 
 			IncreasePrimitivesCount();
@@ -245,7 +233,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 					radius.x,
 					radius.y
 				),
-				current_brush_.get(),
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get(),
 				stroke_width,
 				GetStrokeStyle(stroke).get()
 			);
@@ -272,7 +260,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 					radius.x,
 					radius.y
 				),
-				current_brush_.get()
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get()
 			);
 
 			IncreasePrimitivesCount();
@@ -297,7 +285,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 					radius.x,
 					radius.y
 				),
-				current_brush_.get(),
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get(),
 				stroke_width,
 				GetStrokeStyle(stroke).get()
 			);
@@ -324,7 +312,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 					radius.x,
 					radius.y
 				),
-				current_brush_.get()
+				current_brush_->GetBrush().get()
 			);
 
 			IncreasePrimitivesCount();
@@ -333,12 +321,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
 	}
 
-	void RenderTarget::DrawTexture(Texture const& texture, Rect const& src_rect, Rect const& dest_rect)
+	void RenderTarget::DrawTexture(Texture const& texture, Rect const& src_rect, Rect const& dest_rect, float opacity)
 	{
-		DrawTexture(texture, &src_rect, &dest_rect);
+		DrawTexture(texture, &src_rect, &dest_rect, opacity);
 	}
 
-	void RenderTarget::DrawTexture(Texture const& texture, const Rect* src_rect, const Rect* dest_rect)
+	void RenderTarget::DrawTexture(Texture const& texture, const Rect* src_rect, const Rect* dest_rect, float opacity)
 	{
 		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
 		if (!render_target_)
@@ -355,7 +343,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			render_target_->DrawBitmap(
 				texture.GetBitmap().get(),
 				dest_rect ? &DX::ConvertToRectF(*dest_rect) : nullptr,
-				opacity_,
+				opacity,
 				mode,
 				src_rect ? &DX::ConvertToRectF(*src_rect) : nullptr
 			);
@@ -377,11 +365,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
 			const TextStyle& style = layout.GetStyle();
-			text_renderer_->SetTextStyle(
-				opacity_,
-				DX::ConvertToColorF(style.color),
-				style.outline,
-				DX::ConvertToColorF(style.outline_color),
+			text_renderer_->SetStyle(
+				style.fill_brush ? style.fill_brush->GetBrush().get() : nullptr,
+				style.outline_brush ? style.outline_brush->GetBrush().get() : nullptr,
 				style.outline_width,
 				GetStrokeStyle(style.outline_stroke).get()
 			);
@@ -552,21 +538,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
 	}
 
-	float RenderTarget::GetOpacity() const
-	{
-		return opacity_;
-	}
-
-	Brush RenderTarget::GetCurrentBrush() const
-	{
-		return Brush( current_brush_ );
-	}
-
-	Matrix3x2 RenderTarget::GetGlobalTransform() const
-	{
-		return global_transform_;
-	}
-
 	ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle> RenderTarget::GetStrokeStyle(StrokeStyle style)
 	{
 		switch (style)
@@ -602,11 +573,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
 	}
 
-	void RenderTarget::SetGlobalTransform(const Matrix3x2& matrix)
-	{
-		SetGlobalTransform(&matrix);
-	}
-
 	void RenderTarget::SetGlobalTransform(const Matrix3x2* matrix)
 	{
 		if (matrix)
@@ -620,37 +586,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 	}
 
-	void RenderTarget::SetOpacity(float opacity)
-	{
-		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
-		if (!current_brush_)
-		{
-			hr = E_UNEXPECTED;
-		}
-
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
-		{
-			if (opacity_ != opacity)
-			{
-				opacity_ = opacity;
-				current_brush_->SetOpacity(opacity);
-			}
-		}
-
-		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
-	}
-
-	void RenderTarget::SetCurrentBrush(Brush const& brush)
-	{
-		current_brush_ = brush.GetBrush();
-	}
-
-	void RenderTarget::SetDefaultBrushColor(Color const& color)
-	{
-		KGE_ASSERT(default_brush_);
-		default_brush_->SetColor(DX::ConvertToColorF(color));
-	}
-
 	void RenderTarget::SetAntialiasMode(bool enabled)
 	{
 		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
@@ -737,27 +672,22 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	TexturePtr TextureRenderTarget::GetOutput() const
+	bool TextureRenderTarget::GetOutput(Texture& texture)
 	{
 		HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
-		TexturePtr output;
 
 		if (bitmap_rt_)
 		{
-			ComPtr<ID2D1BitmapRenderTarget> bitmap_rt = bitmap_rt_;
 			ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> bitmap;
 
-			hr = bitmap_rt->GetBitmap(&bitmap);
+			hr = bitmap_rt_->GetBitmap(&bitmap);
 
 			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 			{
-				output = new Texture;
-				output->SetBitmap(bitmap);
+				texture.SetBitmap(bitmap);
 			}
 		}
-
-		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
-		return output;
+		return SUCCEEDED(hr);
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h
index 241d35e7..d9c0a1f3 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h
@@ -111,13 +111,15 @@ namespace kiwano
 		void DrawTexture(
 			Texture const& texture,
 			Rect const& src_rect,
-			Rect const& dest_rect
+			Rect const& dest_rect,
+			float opacity = 1.0f
 		);
 
 		void DrawTexture(
 			Texture const& texture,
 			const Rect* src_rect = nullptr,
-			const Rect* dest_rect = nullptr
+			const Rect* dest_rect = nullptr,
+			float opacity = 1.0f
 		);
 
 		void DrawTextLayout(
@@ -153,22 +155,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 			Color const& clear_color
 		);
 
-		float GetOpacity() const;
-
-		Brush GetCurrentBrush() const;
+		BrushPtr GetCurrentBrush() const;
 
 		Matrix3x2 GetGlobalTransform() const;
 
-		void SetOpacity(
-			float opacity
-		);
-
 		void SetCurrentBrush(
-			Brush const& brush
-		);
-
-		void SetDefaultBrushColor(
-			Color const& color
+			BrushPtr brush
 		);
 
 		void SetTransform(
@@ -230,7 +222,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 		void DiscardDeviceResources();
 
 	private:
-		float							opacity_;
 		bool							antialias_;
 		bool							fast_global_transform_;
 		mutable bool					collecting_status_;
@@ -238,23 +229,28 @@ namespace kiwano
 		TextAntialiasMode				text_antialias_;
 		ComPtr<ITextRenderer>			text_renderer_;
 		ComPtr<ID2D1RenderTarget>		render_target_;
-		ComPtr<ID2D1SolidColorBrush>	default_brush_;
-		ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>				current_brush_;
 		ComPtr<ID2DDeviceResources>		device_resources_;
+		BrushPtr						current_brush_;
 		Matrix3x2						global_transform_;
 	};
 
 
-	// 位图渲染目标
+	/// \~chinese
+	/// @brief 纹理渲染目标
+	/// @details 纹理渲染目标将渲染输出到一个纹理对象中
 	class KGE_API TextureRenderTarget
 		: public RenderTarget
 	{
 		friend class Renderer;
 
 	public:
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 是否有效
 		bool IsValid() const;
 
-		TexturePtr GetOutput() const;
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 获取渲染输出
+		bool GetOutput(Texture& texture);
 
 	private:
 		TextureRenderTarget();
@@ -267,9 +263,30 @@ namespace kiwano
 		ComPtr<ID2D1BitmapRenderTarget> bitmap_rt_;
 	};
 
+
+	inline BrushPtr RenderTarget::GetCurrentBrush() const
+	{
+		return current_brush_;
+	}
+
+	inline Matrix3x2 RenderTarget::GetGlobalTransform() const
+	{
+		return global_transform_;
+	}
+
+	inline void RenderTarget::SetGlobalTransform(const Matrix3x2& matrix)
+	{
+		SetGlobalTransform(&matrix);
+	}
+
+	inline void RenderTarget::SetCurrentBrush(BrushPtr brush)
+	{
+		current_brush_ = brush;
+	}
+
 	inline bool TextureRenderTarget::IsValid() const
 	{
-		return !!bitmap_rt_;
+		return bitmap_rt_ != nullptr;
 	}
 
 	inline ComPtr<ID2D1BitmapRenderTarget> TextureRenderTarget::GetBitmapRenderTarget() const
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp
index 00bcbd05..f51d42ce 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp
@@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			brush.SetBrush(output);
+			brush.SetBrush(output, Brush::Type::SolidColor);
 		}
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
@@ -946,7 +946,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 				{
-					brush.SetBrush(output);
+					brush.SetBrush(output, Brush::Type::LinearGradient);
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 				{
-					brush.SetBrush(output);
+					brush.SetBrush(output, Brush::Type::RadialGradient);
 				}
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/TextLayout.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/TextLayout.h
index 00c70e54..29565531 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/TextLayout.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/TextLayout.h
@@ -93,8 +93,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 		void SetFontWeight(uint32_t weight);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置文字颜色（默认值为 Color::White）
-		void SetColor(Color const& color);
+		/// @brief 设置文字填充画刷
+		void SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush);
+
+		/// \~chinese
+		/// @brief 设置文字填充颜色（默认值为 Color::White）
+		void SetFillColor(Color const& color);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置文字斜体（默认值为 false）
@@ -113,19 +117,19 @@ namespace kiwano
 		void SetAlignment(TextAlign align);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置是否显示描边
-		void SetOutline(bool enable);
+		/// @brief 设置文字描边画刷
+		void SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置描边颜色
+		/// @brief 设置文字描边颜色
 		void SetOutlineColor(Color const& outline_color);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置描边线宽
+		/// @brief 设置文字描边线宽
 		void SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width);
 
 		/// \~chinese
-		/// @brief 设置描边线相交样式
+		/// @brief 设置文字描边线相交样式
 		void SetOutlineStroke(StrokeStyle outline_stroke);
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -197,9 +201,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return text_layout_;
 	}
 
-	inline void TextLayout::SetColor(Color const& color)
+	inline void TextLayout::SetFillBrush(BrushPtr brush)
 	{
-		style_.color = color;
+		style_.fill_brush = brush;
+	}
+
+	inline void TextLayout::SetFillColor(Color const& color)
+	{
+		style_.SetFillColor(color);
 	}
 
 	inline void TextLayout::SetTextFormat(ComPtr<IDWriteTextFormat> format)
@@ -212,14 +221,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 		text_layout_ = layout;
 	}
 
-	inline void TextLayout::SetOutline(bool enable)
+	inline void TextLayout::SetOutlineBrush(BrushPtr brush)
 	{
-		style_.outline = enable;
+		style_.outline_brush = brush;
 	}
 
 	inline void TextLayout::SetOutlineColor(Color const& outline_color)
 	{
-		style_.outline_color = outline_color;
+		style_.SetOutlineColor(outline_color);
 	}
 
 	inline void TextLayout::SetOutlineWidth(float outline_width)
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/TextStyle.hpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/TextStyle.hpp
index 99c9c138..3cfb9086 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/TextStyle.hpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/TextStyle.hpp
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <kiwano/renderer/Color.h>
-#include <kiwano/renderer/StrokeStyle.h>
 #include <kiwano/renderer/Font.h>
+#include <kiwano/renderer/Brush.h>
+#include <kiwano/renderer/StrokeStyle.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
@@ -68,61 +69,80 @@ namespace kiwano
 		float		font_size;			///< 字号
 		uint32_t	font_weight;		///< 粗细值
 		bool		italic;				///< 是否斜体
-		Color		color;				///< 颜色
 		TextAlign	alignment;			///< 对齐方式
 		float		wrap_width;			///< 自动换行宽度
 		float		line_spacing;		///< 行间距
-		bool		outline;			///< 描边
-		Color		outline_color;		///< 描边颜色
+		BrushPtr	fill_brush;			///< 填充画刷
+		BrushPtr	outline_brush;		///< 描边画刷
 		float		outline_width;		///< 描边线宽
 		StrokeStyle	outline_stroke;		///< 描边线相交样式
 
 	public:
+		/**
+		* \~chinese
+		* @brief 构建默认文本样式
+		*/
+		TextStyle();
+
 		/**
 		* \~chinese
 		* @brief 构建文本样式
-		* @param font 字体
 		* @param font_family 字体族
 		* @param font_size 字体大小
 		* @param font_weight 字体粗细
-		* @param italic 斜体
-		* @param color 颜色
-		* @param alignment 对齐方式
-		* @param wrap_width 自动换行宽度
-		* @param line_spacing 行间距
-		* @param outline 描边
-		* @param outline_color 描边颜色
-		* @param outline_width 描边线宽
-		* @param outline_stroke 描边线相交样式
+		* @param color 填充颜色
 		*/
-		TextStyle(
-			FontPtr			font			= nullptr,
-			const String&	font_family		= String(),
-			float			font_size		= 18,
-			uint32_t		font_weight		= FontWeight::Normal,
-			bool			italic			= false,
-			Color			color			= Color::White,
-			TextAlign		alignment		= TextAlign::Left,
-			float			wrap_width		= 0.f,
-			float			line_spacing	= 0.f,
-			bool			outline			= false,
-			Color			outline_color	= Color(Color::Black, 0.5),
-			float			outline_width	= 1.f,
-			StrokeStyle		outline_stroke	= StrokeStyle::Round
-		)
-			: font(nullptr)
-			, font_family(font_family)
-			, font_size(font_size)
-			, font_weight(font_weight)
-			, italic(italic)
-			, color(color)
-			, alignment(alignment)
-			, wrap_width(wrap_width)
-			, line_spacing(line_spacing)
-			, outline(outline)
-			, outline_color(outline_color)
-			, outline_width(outline_width)
-			, outline_stroke(outline_stroke)
-		{}
+		TextStyle(const String& font_family, float font_size, uint32_t font_weight = FontWeight::Normal, Color color = Color::White);
+
+		void SetFillColor(Color const& color);
+
+		void SetOutlineColor(Color const& color);
 	};
+
+	inline TextStyle::TextStyle()
+		: font(nullptr)
+		, font_family()
+		, font_size(18)
+		, font_weight(FontWeight::Normal)
+		, italic(false)
+		, alignment(TextAlign::Left)
+		, wrap_width(0)
+		, line_spacing(0)
+		, outline_width(1.0f)
+		, outline_stroke(StrokeStyle::Round)
+	{
+	}
+
+	inline TextStyle::TextStyle(const String& font_family, float font_size, uint32_t font_weight, Color color)
+		: font(nullptr)
+		, font_family(font_family)
+		, font_size(font_size)
+		, font_weight(font_weight)
+		, italic(false)
+		, alignment(TextAlign::Left)
+		, wrap_width(0)
+		, line_spacing(0)
+		, outline_width(1.0f)
+		, outline_stroke(StrokeStyle::Round)
+	{
+	}
+
+	inline void TextStyle::SetFillColor(Color const& color)
+	{
+		if (!fill_brush)
+		{
+			fill_brush = new Brush;
+		}
+		fill_brush->SetColor(color);
+	}
+
+	inline void TextStyle::SetOutlineColor(Color const& color)
+	{
+		if (!outline_brush)
+		{
+			outline_brush = new Brush;
+		}
+		outline_brush->SetColor(color);
+	}
+
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.cpp
index c1fad6e3..1bb30fba 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 // OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 // THE SOFTWARE.
 
+#include <kiwano/core/win32/ComPtr.hpp>
 #include <kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
@@ -26,21 +27,19 @@ namespace kiwano
 		: public ITextRenderer
 	{
 	public:
-		TextRenderer(
-			ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT
-		);
+		TextRenderer();
 
 		~TextRenderer();
 
-		STDMETHOD(CreateDeviceResources)();
+		STDMETHOD(CreateDeviceResources)(
+			_In_ ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT
+			);
 
-		STDMETHOD_(void, SetTextStyle)(
-			_In_ float opacity,
-			_In_ CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &fillColor,
-			_In_ BOOL outline,
-			_In_ CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &outlineColor,
-			_In_ float outlineWidth,
-			_In_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* outlineJoin
+		STDMETHOD_(void, SetStyle)(
+			_In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pFillBrush,
+			_In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pOutlineBrush,
+			float fOutlineWidth,
+			_In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pStrokeStyle
 			);
 
 		STDMETHOD(DrawGlyphRun)(
@@ -103,15 +102,13 @@ namespace kiwano
 		);
 
 	private:
-		unsigned long			cRefCount_;
-		D2D1_COLOR_F			sFillColor_;
-		D2D1_COLOR_F			sOutlineColor_;
-		float					fOutlineWidth;
-		BOOL					bShowOutline_;
-		ID2D1Factory*			pFactory_;
-		ID2D1RenderTarget*		pRT_;
-		ID2D1SolidColorBrush*	pBrush_;
-		ID2D1StrokeStyle*		pCurrStrokeStyle_;
+		unsigned long				cRefCount_;
+		float						fOutlineWidth_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Factory>		pFactory_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1RenderTarget>	pRT_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>			pFillBrush_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1Brush>			pOutlineBrush_;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1StrokeStyle>	pCurrStrokeStyle_;
 	};
 
 	HRESULT ITextRenderer::Create(
@@ -122,10 +119,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		if (ppTextRenderer)
 		{
-			TextRenderer* pTextRenderer = new (std::nothrow) TextRenderer(pRT);
+			TextRenderer* pTextRenderer = new (std::nothrow) TextRenderer;
 			if (pTextRenderer)
 			{
-				hr = pTextRenderer->CreateDeviceResources();
+				hr = pTextRenderer->CreateDeviceResources(pRT);
 
 				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 				{
@@ -145,63 +142,46 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return hr;
 	}
 
-	TextRenderer::TextRenderer(ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT)
+	TextRenderer::TextRenderer()
 		: cRefCount_(0)
-		, pFactory_(NULL)
-		, pRT_(pRT)
-		, pBrush_(NULL)
-		, sFillColor_()
-		, sOutlineColor_()
-		, fOutlineWidth(1)
-		, bShowOutline_(TRUE)
-		, pCurrStrokeStyle_(NULL)
+		, fOutlineWidth_(1)
 	{
 		if (pRT_)
 		{
-			pRT_->AddRef();
-			pRT_->GetFactory(&pFactory_);
+			
 		}
 	}
 
 	TextRenderer::~TextRenderer()
 	{
-		DX::SafeRelease(pFactory_);
-		DX::SafeRelease(pRT_);
-		DX::SafeRelease(pBrush_);
 	}
 
-	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::CreateDeviceResources()
+	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::CreateDeviceResources(_In_ ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT)
 	{
-		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+		HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
 
-		DX::SafeRelease(pBrush_);
+		pFactory_.reset();
+		pRT_.reset();
 
-		if (pRT_)
+		if (pRT)
 		{
-			hr = pRT_->CreateSolidColorBrush(
-				D2D1::ColorF(D2D1::ColorF::White),
-				&pBrush_
-			);
+			pRT_ = pRT;
+			pRT_->GetFactory(&pFactory_);
+			hr = S_OK;
 		}
-
 		return hr;
 	}
 
-	STDMETHODIMP_(void) TextRenderer::SetTextStyle(
-        _In_ float opacity,
-        _In_ CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &fillColor,
-        _In_ BOOL outline,
-        _In_ CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &outlineColor,
-        _In_ float outlineWidth,
-        _In_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* outlineJoin)
+	STDMETHODIMP_(void) TextRenderer::SetStyle(
+		_In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pFillBrush,
+		_In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pOutlineBrush,
+        float fOutlineWidth,
+		_In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pStrokeStyle)
 	{
-		sFillColor_ = fillColor;
-		bShowOutline_ = outline;
-		sOutlineColor_ = outlineColor;
-		fOutlineWidth = outlineWidth;
-		pCurrStrokeStyle_ = outlineJoin;
-
-		if (pBrush_) pBrush_->SetOpacity(opacity);
+		pFillBrush_ = pFillBrush;
+		pOutlineBrush_ = pOutlineBrush;
+		fOutlineWidth_ = fOutlineWidth;
+		pCurrStrokeStyle_ = pStrokeStyle;
 	}
 
 	STDMETHODIMP TextRenderer::DrawGlyphRun(
@@ -220,11 +200,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
 
-		if (bShowOutline_)
+		if (pOutlineBrush_)
 		{
-			ID2D1GeometrySink* pSink = NULL;
-			ID2D1PathGeometry* pPathGeometry = NULL;
-			ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = NULL;
+			ComPtr<ID2D1GeometrySink> pSink;
+			ComPtr<ID2D1PathGeometry> pPathGeometry;
+			ComPtr<ID2D1TransformedGeometry> pTransformedGeometry;
 
 			hr = pFactory_->CreatePathGeometry(
 				&pPathGeometry
@@ -246,7 +226,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 						glyphRun->glyphCount,
 						glyphRun->isSideways,
 						glyphRun->bidiLevel % 2,
-						pSink
+						pSink.get()
 					);
 				}
 
@@ -266,7 +246,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 					if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 					{
 						hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
-							pPathGeometry,
+							pPathGeometry.get(),
 							&matrix,
 							&pTransformedGeometry
 						);
@@ -274,31 +254,23 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 					if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 					{
-						pBrush_->SetColor(sOutlineColor_);
-
 						pRT_->DrawGeometry(
-							pTransformedGeometry,
-							pBrush_,
-							fOutlineWidth * 2,  // twice width for widening
-							pCurrStrokeStyle_
+							pTransformedGeometry.get(),
+							pOutlineBrush_.get(),
+							fOutlineWidth_ * 2,  // twice width for widening
+							pCurrStrokeStyle_.get()
 						);
 					}
 				}
 			}
-
-			DX::SafeRelease(pPathGeometry);
-			DX::SafeRelease(pSink);
-			DX::SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);
 		}
 
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pFillBrush_)
 		{
-			pBrush_->SetColor(sFillColor_);
-
 			pRT_->DrawGlyphRun(
 				D2D1::Point2F(baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY),
 				glyphRun,
-				pBrush_
+				pFillBrush_.get()
 			);
 		}
 		return hr;
@@ -323,7 +295,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			underline->offset + underline->thickness
 		);
 
-		ID2D1RectangleGeometry* pRectangleGeometry = NULL;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1RectangleGeometry> pRectangleGeometry;
 		hr = pFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(
 			&rect,
 			&pRectangleGeometry
@@ -335,41 +307,33 @@ namespace kiwano
 			baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY
 		);
 
-		ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = NULL;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1TransformedGeometry> pTransformedGeometry;
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
 			hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
-				pRectangleGeometry,
+				pRectangleGeometry.get(),
 				&matrix,
 				&pTransformedGeometry
 			);
 		}
 
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && bShowOutline_)
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pOutlineBrush_)
 		{
-			pBrush_->SetColor(sOutlineColor_);
-
 			pRT_->DrawGeometry(
-				pTransformedGeometry,
-				pBrush_,
-				fOutlineWidth * 2,
-				pCurrStrokeStyle_
+				pTransformedGeometry.get(),
+				pOutlineBrush_.get(),
+				fOutlineWidth_ * 2,
+				pCurrStrokeStyle_.get()
 			);
 		}
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			pBrush_->SetColor(sFillColor_);
-
 			pRT_->FillGeometry(
-				pTransformedGeometry,
-				pBrush_
+				pTransformedGeometry.get(),
+				pFillBrush_.get()
 			);
 		}
-
-		DX::SafeRelease(pRectangleGeometry);
-		DX::SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);
-
 		return S_OK;
 	}
 
@@ -392,7 +356,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 			strikethrough->offset + strikethrough->thickness
 		);
 
-		ID2D1RectangleGeometry* pRectangleGeometry = NULL;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1RectangleGeometry> pRectangleGeometry;
 		hr = pFactory_->CreateRectangleGeometry(
 			&rect,
 			&pRectangleGeometry
@@ -404,41 +368,33 @@ namespace kiwano
 			baselineOriginX, baselineOriginY
 		);
 
-		ID2D1TransformedGeometry* pTransformedGeometry = NULL;
+		ComPtr<ID2D1TransformedGeometry> pTransformedGeometry;
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
 			hr = pFactory_->CreateTransformedGeometry(
-				pRectangleGeometry,
+				pRectangleGeometry.get(),
 				&matrix,
 				&pTransformedGeometry
 			);
 		}
 
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && bShowOutline_)
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && pOutlineBrush_)
 		{
-			pBrush_->SetColor(sOutlineColor_);
-
 			pRT_->DrawGeometry(
-				pTransformedGeometry,
-				pBrush_,
-				fOutlineWidth * 2,
-				pCurrStrokeStyle_
+				pTransformedGeometry.get(),
+				pOutlineBrush_.get(),
+				fOutlineWidth_ * 2,
+				pCurrStrokeStyle_.get()
 			);
 		}
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			pBrush_->SetColor(sFillColor_);
-
 			pRT_->FillGeometry(
-				pTransformedGeometry,
-				pBrush_
+				pTransformedGeometry.get(),
+				pFillBrush_.get()
 			);
 		}
-
-		DX::SafeRelease(pRectangleGeometry);
-		DX::SafeRelease(pTransformedGeometry);
-
 		return S_OK;
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.h
index 97110d29..e64b7119 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/win32/TextRenderer.h
@@ -32,13 +32,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 			_In_ ID2D1RenderTarget* pRT
 		);
 
-		STDMETHOD_(void, SetTextStyle)(
-			_In_ float opacity,
-			_In_ CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &fillColor,
-			_In_ BOOL outline,
-			_In_ CONST D2D1_COLOR_F &outlineColor,
-			_In_ float outlineWidth,
-			_In_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* outlineJoin
+		STDMETHOD_(void, SetStyle)(
+			_In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pFillBrush,
+			_In_opt_ ID2D1Brush* pOutlineBrush,
+			float fOutlineWidth,
+			_In_opt_ ID2D1StrokeStyle* pStrokeStyle
 		) PURE;
 	};
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp b/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp
index 8c6c3b43..30f099af 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp
@@ -235,9 +235,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 			float dtx = 0;
 			for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++)
 			{
-				FramePtr ptr = new (std::nothrow) Frame(raw->GetTexture());
+				FramePtr ptr = new (std::nothrow) Frame;
 				if (ptr)
 				{
+					ptr->SetTexture(raw->GetTexture());
 					ptr->SetCropRect(Rect{ dtx, dty, dtx + width, dty + height });
 					frames.push_back(ptr);
 				}