diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
index 8caf6a5b..2cdeddcf 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.cpp
@@ -53,11 +53,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		UpdateCache();
 		
-		if (texture_cached_.IsValid())
+		if (texture_cached_ && texture_cached_->IsValid())
 		{
 			PrepareRender(rt);
 
-			Rect bitmap_rect(0.f, 0.f, texture_cached_.GetWidth(), texture_cached_.GetHeight());
+			Rect bitmap_rect(0.f, 0.f, texture_cached_->GetWidth(), texture_cached_->GetHeight());
 			rt->DrawTexture(texture_cached_, bitmap_rect, bitmap_rect);
 		}
 	}
@@ -245,9 +245,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 		cache_expired_ = true;
 	}
 
-	void Canvas::DrawTexture(Texture const& texture, const Rect* src_rect, const Rect* dest_rect)
+	void Canvas::DrawTexture(TexturePtr texture, const Rect* src_rect, const Rect* dest_rect)
 	{
-		if (texture.IsValid())
+		if (texture)
 		{
 			rt_.DrawTexture(texture, src_rect, dest_rect);
 			cache_expired_ = true;
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		cache_expired_ = true;
 	}
 
-	Texture Canvas::ExportToTexture() const
+	TexturePtr Canvas::ExportToTexture() const
 	{
 		UpdateCache();
 		return texture_cached_;
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
index 46dcc086..c9d1f39b 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Canvas.h
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @param texture 纹理
 		/// @param src_rect 纹理裁剪区域
 		/// @param dest_rect 绘制目标区域
-		void DrawTexture(Texture const& texture, const Rect* src_rect = nullptr, const Rect* dest_rect = nullptr);
+		void DrawTexture(TexturePtr texture, const Rect* src_rect = nullptr, const Rect* dest_rect = nullptr);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 绘制文字布局
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 导出纹理
-		Texture ExportToTexture() const;
+		TexturePtr ExportToTexture() const;
 
 		void OnRender(RenderTarget* rt) override;
 
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		GeometrySink		geo_sink_;
 
 		mutable bool		cache_expired_;
-		mutable Texture		texture_cached_;
+		mutable TexturePtr	texture_cached_;
 		mutable TextureRenderTarget	rt_;
 	};
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp
index 5b1cae14..1eba6f23 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.cpp
@@ -37,15 +37,15 @@ namespace kiwano
 		Load(res);
 	}
 
-	Frame::Frame(Texture const& texture)
+	Frame::Frame(TexturePtr texture)
 	{
 		SetTexture(texture);
 	}
 
 	bool Frame::Load(String const& file_path)
 	{
-		Texture texture = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetTexture(file_path);
-		if (texture.IsValid())
+		TexturePtr texture = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetTexture(file_path);
+		if (texture->IsValid())
 		{
 			SetTexture(texture);
 			return true;
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	bool Frame::Load(Resource const& res)
 	{
-		Texture texture = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetTexture(res);
-		if (texture.IsValid())
+		TexturePtr texture = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetTexture(res);
+		if (texture->IsValid())
 		{
 			SetTexture(texture);
 			return true;
@@ -66,9 +66,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void Frame::SetCropRect(Rect const& crop_rect)
 	{
-		if (texture_.IsValid())
+		if (texture_->IsValid())
 		{
-			auto bitmap_size = texture_.GetSize();
+			auto bitmap_size = texture_->GetSize();
 			crop_rect_.left_top.x = std::min(std::max(crop_rect.left_top.x, 0.f), bitmap_size.x);
 			crop_rect_.left_top.y = std::min(std::max(crop_rect.left_top.y, 0.f), bitmap_size.y);
 			crop_rect_.right_bottom.x = std::min(std::max(crop_rect.right_bottom.x, 0.f), bitmap_size.x);
@@ -76,14 +76,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Frame::SetTexture(Texture const& texture)
+	void Frame::SetTexture(TexturePtr texture)
 	{
 		texture_ = texture;
-		if (texture_.IsValid())
+		if (texture_->IsValid())
 		{
 			crop_rect_.left_top.x = crop_rect_.left_top.y = 0;
-			crop_rect_.right_bottom.x = texture_.GetWidth();
-			crop_rect_.right_bottom.y = texture_.GetHeight();
+			crop_rect_.right_bottom.x = texture_->GetWidth();
+			crop_rect_.right_bottom.y = texture_->GetHeight();
 		}
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h b/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h
index ecb435f3..0f51dbfd 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/Frame.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @brief 构建图像帧
 		/// @param texture 纹理
 		explicit Frame(
-			Texture const& texture
+			TexturePtr texture
 		);
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// @brief 设置纹理
 		/// @param texture 纹理
 		void SetTexture(
-			Texture const& texture
+			TexturePtr texture
 		);
 
 		/// \~chinese
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 获取纹理
-		Texture const& GetTexture() const;
+		TexturePtr GetTexture() const;
 
 	private:
-		Texture texture_;
+		TexturePtr texture_;
 		Rect crop_rect_;
 	};
 
@@ -122,5 +122,5 @@ namespace kiwano
 	inline Size				Frame::GetSize() const		{ return crop_rect_.GetSize(); }
 	inline Point			Frame::GetCropPoint() const { return crop_rect_.GetLeftTop(); }
 	inline Rect const&		Frame::GetCropRect() const	{ return crop_rect_; }
-	inline Texture const&	Frame::GetTexture() const	{ return texture_; }
+	inline TexturePtr		Frame::GetTexture() const	{ return texture_; }
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp b/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp
index bb66209c..a500db01 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.cpp
@@ -44,26 +44,26 @@ namespace kiwano
 		Load(res);
 	}
 
-	GifSprite::GifSprite(GifImage gif)
+	GifSprite::GifSprite(GifImagePtr gif)
 	{
 		Load(gif);
 	}
 
 	bool GifSprite::Load(String const& file_path)
 	{
-		GifImage texture = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetGifImage(file_path);
-		return Load(texture);
+		GifImagePtr image = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetGifImage(file_path);
+		return Load(image);
 	}
 
 	bool GifSprite::Load(Resource const& res)
 	{
-		GifImage texture = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetGifImage(res);
-		return Load(texture);
+		GifImagePtr image = TextureCache::instance().AddOrGetGifImage(res);
+		return Load(image);
 	}
 
-	bool GifSprite::Load(GifImage gif)
+	bool GifSprite::Load(GifImagePtr gif)
 	{
-		if (gif.IsValid())
+		if (gif && gif->IsValid())
 		{
 			gif_ = gif;
 
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 			loop_count_ = 0;
 			frame_.disposal_type = GifImage::DisposalType::None;
 
-			SetSize(Size{ static_cast<float>(gif_.GetWidthInPixels()), static_cast<float>(gif_.GetHeightInPixels()) });
+			SetSize(Size{ static_cast<float>(gif_->GetWidthInPixels()), static_cast<float>(gif_->GetHeightInPixels()) });
 
 			if (!frame_rt_.IsValid())
 			{
 				Renderer::instance().CreateTextureRenderTarget(frame_rt_);
 			}
 
-			if (gif_.GetFramesCount() > 0)
+			if (gif_->GetFramesCount() > 0)
 			{
 				ComposeNextFrame();
 			}
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void GifSprite::OnRender(RenderTarget* rt)
 	{
-		if (frame_.raw.IsValid() && CheckVisibilty(rt))
+		if (frame_.raw && frame_.raw->IsValid() && CheckVisibilty(rt))
 		{
 			PrepareRender(rt);
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 		Actor::Update(dt);
 
-		if (gif_.IsValid() && animating_)
+		if (gif_ && gif_->IsValid() && animating_)
 		{
 			frame_elapsed_ += dt;
 			if (frame_.delay <= frame_elapsed_)
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		}
 	}
 
-	void GifSprite::SetGifImage(GifImage const& gif)
+	void GifSprite::SetGifImage(GifImagePtr gif)
 	{
 		gif_ = gif;
 		RestartAnimation();
@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void GifSprite::ComposeNextFrame()
 	{
+		KGE_ASSERT(gif_ && gif_->IsValid());
+
 		if (frame_rt_.IsValid())
 		{
 			do
@@ -137,7 +139,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 				OverlayNextFrame();
 			} while (frame_.delay.IsZero() && !IsLastFrame());
 
-			animating_ = (!EndOfAnimation() && gif_.GetFramesCount() > 1);
+			animating_ = (!EndOfAnimation() && gif_->GetFramesCount() > 1);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -168,7 +170,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void GifSprite::OverlayNextFrame()
 	{
-		Renderer::instance().CreateGifImageFrame(frame_, gif_, next_index_);
+		KGE_ASSERT(gif_ && gif_->IsValid());
+
+		frame_ = gif_->GetFrame(next_index_);
 		
 		if (frame_.disposal_type == GifImage::DisposalType::Previous)
 		{
@@ -187,11 +191,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 			frame_rt_.DrawTexture(frame_.raw, nullptr, &frame_.rect);
 			frame_rt_.EndDraw();
 
-			Texture frame_to_render = frame_rt_.GetOutput();
-			if (frame_to_render.IsValid())
+			TexturePtr frame_to_render = frame_rt_.GetOutput();
+			if (frame_to_render)
 			{
 				frame_.raw = frame_to_render;
-				next_index_ = (++next_index_) % gif_.GetFramesCount();
+				next_index_ = (++next_index_) % gif_->GetFramesCount();
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -208,30 +212,30 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void GifSprite::SaveComposedFrame()
 	{
-		Texture frame_to_be_saved = frame_rt_.GetOutput();
+		TexturePtr frame_to_be_saved = frame_rt_.GetOutput();
 
-		HRESULT hr = frame_to_be_saved.IsValid() ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
+		HRESULT hr = frame_to_be_saved ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			if (!saved_frame_.IsValid())
+			if (!saved_frame_)
 			{
-				auto size = frame_to_be_saved.GetSizeInPixels();
-				auto prop = D2D1::BitmapProperties(frame_to_be_saved.GetPixelFormat());
+				auto size = frame_to_be_saved->GetSizeInPixels();
+				auto prop = D2D1::BitmapProperties(frame_to_be_saved->GetPixelFormat());
 
 				ComPtr<ID2D1Bitmap> saved_bitmap;
 				hr = frame_rt_.GetRenderTarget()->CreateBitmap(D2D1::SizeU(size.x, size.y), prop, &saved_bitmap);
 
 				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 				{
-					saved_frame_.SetBitmap(saved_bitmap);
+					saved_frame_->SetBitmap(saved_bitmap);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			saved_frame_.CopyFrom(frame_to_be_saved);
+			saved_frame_->CopyFrom(frame_to_be_saved);
 		}
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
@@ -239,17 +243,17 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	void GifSprite::RestoreSavedFrame()
 	{
-		HRESULT hr = saved_frame_.IsValid() ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
+		HRESULT hr = saved_frame_ ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
 
 		if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 		{
-			Texture frame_to_copy_to = frame_rt_.GetOutput();
+			TexturePtr frame_to_copy_to = frame_rt_.GetOutput();
 
-			hr = frame_to_copy_to.IsValid() ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
+			hr = frame_to_copy_to ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
 
 			if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 			{
-				frame_to_copy_to.CopyFrom(saved_frame_);
+				frame_to_copy_to->CopyFrom(saved_frame_);
 			}
 		}
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h b/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h
index 0c1dd5bc..ce70b01f 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/2d/GifSprite.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 构造GIF精灵
 		/// @param gif GIF图片
-		GifSprite(GifImage gif);
+		GifSprite(GifImagePtr gif);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 加载GIF图片
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 加载GIF图片
 		/// @param gif GIF图片
-		bool Load(GifImage gif);
+		bool Load(GifImagePtr gif);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置 GIF 动画循环次数
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 设置 GIF 图像
-		void SetGifImage(GifImage const& gif);
+		void SetGifImage(GifImagePtr gif);
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 重新播放 GIF 动画
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		/// \~chinese
 		/// @brief 获取 GIF 图片
-		GifImage const& GetGifImage() const;
+		GifImagePtr GetGifImage() const;
 
 		void OnRender(RenderTarget* rt) override;
 
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 		Duration			frame_elapsed_;
 		LoopDoneCallback	loop_cb_;
 		DoneCallback		done_cb_;
-		GifImage			gif_;
+		GifImagePtr			gif_;
 		GifImage::Frame		frame_;
-		Texture				saved_frame_;
+		TexturePtr			saved_frame_;
 		TextureRenderTarget	frame_rt_;
 	};
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	inline GifSprite::DoneCallback		GifSprite::GetDoneCallback() const							{ return done_cb_; }
 
-	inline GifImage const&				GifSprite::GetGifImage() const								{ return gif_; }
+	inline GifImagePtr					GifSprite::GetGifImage() const								{ return gif_; }
 
 	inline bool							GifSprite::IsLastFrame() const								{ return (next_index_ == 0); }
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.cpp
index d8c633df..53d0c478 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.cpp
@@ -79,6 +79,13 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return decoder_ != nullptr;
 	}
 
+	GifImage::Frame GifImage::GetFrame(uint32_t index)
+	{
+		Frame frame;
+		Renderer::instance().CreateGifImageFrame(frame, *this, index);
+		return frame;
+	}
+
 	HRESULT GifImage::GetGlobalMetadata()
 	{
 		HRESULT hr = decoder_ ? S_OK : E_FAIL;
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.h
index afcfcbcb..b56513f4 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/GifImage.h
@@ -24,8 +24,11 @@
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
+	KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(GifImage);
+
 	// GIF 图像
 	class KGE_API GifImage
+		: public ObjectBase
 	{
 	public:
 		GifImage();
@@ -40,11 +43,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		bool IsValid() const;
 
-		inline uint32_t GetWidthInPixels() const	{ return width_in_pixels_; }
+		uint32_t GetWidthInPixels() const;
 
-		inline uint32_t GetHeightInPixels() const	{ return height_in_pixels_; }
+		uint32_t GetHeightInPixels() const;
 
-		inline uint32_t GetFramesCount() const		{ return frames_count_; }
+		uint32_t GetFramesCount() const;
 
 	public:
 		enum class DisposalType
@@ -58,16 +61,18 @@ namespace kiwano
 		struct Frame
 		{
 			Duration delay;
-			Texture raw;
+			TexturePtr raw;
 			Rect rect;
 			DisposalType disposal_type;
 
-			Frame() : disposal_type(DisposalType::Unknown) {}
+			Frame();
 		};
 
-		inline ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> GetDecoder() const			{ return decoder_; }
+		Frame GetFrame(uint32_t index);
 
-		inline void SetDecoder(ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder)	{ decoder_ = decoder; }
+		ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> GetDecoder() const;
+
+		void SetDecoder(ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder);
 
 	private:
 		HRESULT GetGlobalMetadata();
@@ -79,4 +84,34 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 		ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder_;
 	};
+
+	inline GifImage::Frame::Frame()
+		: disposal_type(DisposalType::Unknown)
+	{
+	}
+
+	inline uint32_t GifImage::GetWidthInPixels() const
+	{
+		return width_in_pixels_;
+	}
+
+	inline uint32_t GifImage::GetHeightInPixels() const
+	{
+		return height_in_pixels_;
+	}
+
+	inline uint32_t GifImage::GetFramesCount() const
+	{
+		return frames_count_;
+	}
+
+	inline ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> GifImage::GetDecoder() const
+	{
+		return decoder_;
+	}
+
+	inline void GifImage::SetDecoder(ComPtr<IWICBitmapDecoder> decoder)
+	{
+		decoder_ = decoder;
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp
index c0504978..fdc88be1 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.cpp
@@ -333,12 +333,12 @@ namespace kiwano
 		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
 	}
 
-	void RenderTarget::DrawTexture(Texture const& texture, Rect const& src_rect, Rect const& dest_rect)
+	void RenderTarget::DrawTexture(TexturePtr texture, Rect const& src_rect, Rect const& dest_rect)
 	{
 		DrawTexture(texture, &src_rect, &dest_rect);
 	}
 
-	void RenderTarget::DrawTexture(Texture const& texture, const Rect* src_rect, const Rect* dest_rect)
+	void RenderTarget::DrawTexture(TexturePtr texture, const Rect* src_rect, const Rect* dest_rect)
 	{
 		HRESULT hr = S_OK;
 		if (!render_target_)
@@ -346,14 +346,19 @@ namespace kiwano
 			hr = E_UNEXPECTED;
 		}
 
-		if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && texture.IsValid())
+		if (!texture)
 		{
-			auto mode = (texture.GetBitmapInterpolationMode() == InterpolationMode::Linear)
+			hr = E_INVALIDARG;
+		}
+
+		if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && texture->IsValid())
+		{
+			auto mode = (texture->GetBitmapInterpolationMode() == InterpolationMode::Linear)
 				? D2D1_BITMAP_INTERPOLATION_MODE_LINEAR
 				: D2D1_BITMAP_INTERPOLATION_MODE_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR;
 
 			render_target_->DrawBitmap(
-				texture.GetBitmap().get(),
+				texture->GetBitmap().get(),
 				dest_rect ? &DX::ConvertToRectF(*dest_rect) : nullptr,
 				opacity_,
 				mode,
@@ -713,9 +718,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	Texture TextureRenderTarget::GetOutput()
+	TexturePtr TextureRenderTarget::GetOutput()
 	{
 		HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;
+		TexturePtr output;
 
 		if (GetRenderTarget())
 		{
@@ -729,13 +735,14 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 				if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 				{
-					return Texture(bitmap);
+					output = new Texture;
+					output->SetBitmap(bitmap);
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
 		ThrowIfFailed(hr);
-		return Texture();
+		return output;
 	}
 
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h
index 2c34e055..10b163f2 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/RenderTarget.h
@@ -106,13 +106,13 @@ namespace kiwano
 		);
 
 		void DrawTexture(
-			Texture const& texture,
+			TexturePtr texture,
 			Rect const& src_rect,
 			Rect const& dest_rect
 		);
 
 		void DrawTexture(
-			Texture const& texture,
+			TexturePtr texture,
 			const Rect* src_rect = nullptr,
 			const Rect* dest_rect = nullptr
 		);
@@ -241,6 +241,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	public:
 		TextureRenderTarget();
 
-		Texture GetOutput();
+		TexturePtr GetOutput();
 	};
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp
index 2b02de0c..fac28939 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/Renderer.cpp
@@ -451,7 +451,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 					if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
 					{
-						frame.raw.SetBitmap(raw_bitmap);
+						frame.raw = new Texture;
+						frame.raw->SetBitmap(raw_bitmap);
 					}
 				}
 			}
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/Texture.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/Texture.cpp
index 486c6e39..83494a05 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/Texture.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/Texture.cpp
@@ -131,23 +131,23 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return interpolation_mode_;
 	}
 
-	void Texture::CopyFrom(Texture const& copy_from)
+	void Texture::CopyFrom(TexturePtr copy_from)
 	{
-		if (IsValid() && copy_from.IsValid())
+		if (IsValid() && copy_from)
 		{
-			HRESULT hr = bitmap_->CopyFromBitmap(nullptr, copy_from.GetBitmap().get(), nullptr);
+			HRESULT hr = bitmap_->CopyFromBitmap(nullptr, copy_from->GetBitmap().get(), nullptr);
 
 			ThrowIfFailed(hr);
 		}
 	}
 
-	void Texture::CopyFrom(Texture const& copy_from, Rect const& src_rect, Point const& dest_point)
+	void Texture::CopyFrom(TexturePtr copy_from, Rect const& src_rect, Point const& dest_point)
 	{
-		if (IsValid() && copy_from.IsValid())
+		if (IsValid() && copy_from)
 		{
 			HRESULT hr = bitmap_->CopyFromBitmap(
 				&D2D1::Point2U(uint32_t(dest_point.x), uint32_t(dest_point.y)),
-				copy_from.GetBitmap().get(),
+				copy_from->GetBitmap().get(),
 				&D2D1::RectU(
 					uint32_t(src_rect.GetLeft()),
 					uint32_t(src_rect.GetTop()),
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/Texture.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/Texture.h
index 35d555f4..ca83097d 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/Texture.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/Texture.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <kiwano/renderer/win32/D2DDeviceResources.h>
+#include <kiwano/core/ObjectBase.h>
 
 namespace kiwano
 {
@@ -33,9 +34,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 		Nearest,	// 最邻近插值
 	};
 
+	KGE_DECLARE_SMART_PTR(Texture);
 
 	// 纹理
 	class KGE_API Texture
+		: public ObjectBase
 	{
 	public:
 		Texture();
@@ -89,10 +92,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 		InterpolationMode GetBitmapInterpolationMode() const;
 
 		// 拷贝位图内存
-		void CopyFrom(Texture const& copy_from);
+		void CopyFrom(TexturePtr copy_from);
 
 		// 拷贝位图内存
-		void CopyFrom(Texture const& copy_from, Rect const& src_rect, Point const& dest_point);
+		void CopyFrom(TexturePtr copy_from, Rect const& src_rect, Point const& dest_point);
 
 		// 设置像素插值方式
 		void SetInterpolationMode(InterpolationMode mode);
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/TextureCache.cpp b/src/kiwano/renderer/TextureCache.cpp
index 70ec4990..24267c34 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/TextureCache.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/TextureCache.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 namespace kiwano
 {
 	template <typename _Ty, typename _PathTy, typename _CacheTy>
-	_Ty CreateOrGetCache(_CacheTy& cache, _PathTy const& path, size_t hash)
+	SmartPtr<_Ty> CreateOrGetCache(_CacheTy& cache, _PathTy const& path, size_t hash)
 	{
 		auto iter = cache.find(hash);
 		if (iter != cache.end())
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 			return iter->second;
 		}
 
-		_Ty texture;
-		if (texture.Load(path))
+		SmartPtr<_Ty> texture = new _Ty;
+		if (texture->Load(path))
 		{
 			cache.insert(std::make_pair(hash, texture));
 		}
@@ -59,22 +59,22 @@ namespace kiwano
 	{
 	}
 
-	Texture TextureCache::AddOrGetTexture(String const& file_path)
+	TexturePtr TextureCache::AddOrGetTexture(String const& file_path)
 	{
 		return CreateOrGetCache<Texture>(texture_cache_, file_path, file_path.hash());
 	}
 
-	Texture TextureCache::AddOrGetTexture(Resource const& res)
+	TexturePtr TextureCache::AddOrGetTexture(Resource const& res)
 	{
 		return CreateOrGetCache<Texture>(texture_cache_, res, res.GetId());
 	}
 
-	GifImage TextureCache::AddOrGetGifImage(String const& file_path)
+	GifImagePtr TextureCache::AddOrGetGifImage(String const& file_path)
 	{
 		return CreateOrGetCache<GifImage>(gif_texture_cache_, file_path, file_path.hash());
 	}
 
-	GifImage TextureCache::AddOrGetGifImage(Resource const& res)
+	GifImagePtr TextureCache::AddOrGetGifImage(Resource const& res)
 	{
 		return CreateOrGetCache<GifImage>(gif_texture_cache_, res, res.GetId());
 	}
diff --git a/src/kiwano/renderer/TextureCache.h b/src/kiwano/renderer/TextureCache.h
index ed7c12fa..89cdc719 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/renderer/TextureCache.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/renderer/TextureCache.h
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 		friend Singleton<TextureCache>;
 
 	public:
-		Texture AddOrGetTexture(String const& file_path);
-		Texture AddOrGetTexture(Resource const& res);
-		GifImage AddOrGetGifImage(String const& file_path);
-		GifImage AddOrGetGifImage(Resource const& res);
+		TexturePtr AddOrGetTexture(String const& file_path);
+		TexturePtr AddOrGetTexture(Resource const& res);
+		GifImagePtr AddOrGetGifImage(String const& file_path);
+		GifImagePtr AddOrGetGifImage(Resource const& res);
 
 		void RemoveTexture(String const& file_path);
 		void RemoveTexture(Resource const& res);
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ namespace kiwano
 		virtual ~TextureCache();
 
 	private:
-		using TextureMap = UnorderedMap<size_t, Texture>;
+		using TextureMap = UnorderedMap<size_t, TexturePtr>;
 		TextureMap texture_cache_;
 
-		using GifImageMap = UnorderedMap<size_t, GifImage>;
+		using GifImageMap = UnorderedMap<size_t, GifImagePtr>;
 		GifImageMap gif_texture_cache_;
 	};
 }
diff --git a/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp b/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp
index 1573eac6..415f0dfa 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp
+++ b/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.cpp
@@ -296,11 +296,11 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	bool ResourceCache::AddGifImage(String const& id, GifImage const& gif)
+	bool ResourceCache::AddGifImage(String const& id, GifImagePtr gif)
 	{
-		if (gif.IsValid())
+		if (gif && gif->IsValid())
 		{
-			gif_cache_.insert(std::make_pair(id, gif));
+			object_cache_.insert(std::make_pair(id, gif));
 			return true;
 		}
 		return false;
@@ -308,8 +308,8 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	bool ResourceCache::AddGifImage(String const& id, String const& file_path)
 	{
-		GifImage gif;
-		if (gif.Load(file_path))
+		GifImagePtr gif = new (std::nothrow) GifImage;
+		if (gif && gif->Load(file_path))
 		{
 			return AddGifImage(id, gif);
 		}
@@ -336,12 +336,9 @@ namespace kiwano
 		return Get<FrameSequence>(id);
 	}
 
-	GifImage ResourceCache::GetGifImage(String const& id) const
+	GifImagePtr ResourceCache::GetGifImage(String const& id) const
 	{
-		auto iter = gif_cache_.find(id);
-		if (iter != gif_cache_.end())
-			return iter->second;
-		return GifImage();
+		return Get<GifImage>(id);
 	}
 
 	FontCollection ResourceCache::GetFontCollection(String const& id) const
@@ -360,7 +357,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 	void ResourceCache::Clear()
 	{
 		object_cache_.clear();
-		gif_cache_.clear();
 		font_collection_cache_.clear();
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.h b/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.h
index 5d6539b4..40e3f60a 100644
--- a/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.h
+++ b/src/kiwano/utils/ResourceCache.h
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		bool AddObjectBase(String const& id, ObjectBasePtr obj);
 
 		// 添加 GIF 图像
-		bool AddGifImage(String const& id, GifImage const& gif);
+		bool AddGifImage(String const& id, GifImagePtr gif);
 
 		// 添加 GIF 图像
 		bool AddGifImage(String const& id, String const& file_path);
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ namespace kiwano
 		FrameSequencePtr GetFrameSequence(String const& id) const;
 
 		// 获取 GIF 图像
-		GifImage GetGifImage(String const& id) const;
+		GifImagePtr GetGifImage(String const& id) const;
 
 		// 获取字体集
 		FontCollection GetFontCollection(String const& id) const;
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ namespace kiwano
 
 	private:
 		UnorderedMap<String, ObjectBasePtr>		object_cache_;
-		UnorderedMap<String, GifImage>			gif_cache_;
 		UnorderedMap<String, FontCollection>	font_collection_cache_;
 	};
 }