607 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
607 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
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# 07. UI 系统
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Extra2D 提供了一套完整的 UI 系统,支持按钮、文本、标签、复选框、单选按钮、滑块、进度条等常用控件。
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## UI 控件类型
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```
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Widget (UI控件基类)
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├── Button (按钮)
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├── Text (文本)
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├── Label (标签)
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├── CheckBox (复选框)
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├── RadioButton (单选按钮)
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├── Slider (滑块)
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└── ProgressBar (进度条)
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```
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## 坐标空间
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UI 控件支持三种坐标空间:
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```cpp
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enum class CoordinateSpace {
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World, // 世界空间 - 随相机移动(默认)
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Screen, // 屏幕空间 - 固定位置,不随相机移动
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Camera, // 相机空间 - 相对于相机位置的偏移
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};
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```
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设置坐标空间:
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```cpp
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// 屏幕空间(UI 常用)
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button->setCoordinateSpace(CoordinateSpace::Screen);
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button->setScreenPosition(100.0f, 50.0f);
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// 或使用链式调用
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button->withCoordinateSpace(CoordinateSpace::Screen)
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->withScreenPosition(100.0f, 50.0f);
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```
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## 通用链式调用方法
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所有 UI 组件都支持以下链式调用方法:
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```cpp
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widget->withPosition(x, y) // 设置位置
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->withAnchor(x, y) // 设置锚点 (0-1)
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->withCoordinateSpace(space) // 设置坐标空间
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->withScreenPosition(x, y) // 设置屏幕位置
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->withCameraOffset(x, y); // 设置相机偏移
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```
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## 按钮(Button)
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### 创建按钮
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```cpp
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auto& resources = Application::instance().resources();
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auto font = resources.loadFont("assets/font.ttf", 24);
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// 方式1:简单创建
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auto button = Button::create();
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button->setText("点击我");
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button->setFont(font);
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button->setPosition(Vec2(400, 300));
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// 方式2:链式调用创建
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auto button = Button::create()
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->withText("点击我")
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->withFont(font)
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->withPosition(400, 300)
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->withSize(200, 60)
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->withTextColor(Colors::White)
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->withBackgroundColor(Colors::Blue, Colors::Green, Colors::Red)
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->withBorder(Colors::White, 2.0f);
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// 设置点击回调
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button->setOnClick([]() {
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E2D_LOG_INFO("按钮被点击!");
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});
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addChild(button);
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```
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### 按钮属性设置
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```cpp
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// 文本和字体
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button->setText("新文本");
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button->setFont(font);
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button->setTextColor(Colors::White);
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// 尺寸和内边距
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button->setCustomSize(200.0f, 60.0f);
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button->setPadding(Vec2(10.0f, 5.0f));
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// 背景颜色(正常、悬停、按下三种状态)
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button->setBackgroundColor(
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Colors::Blue, // 正常状态
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Colors::Green, // 悬停状态
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Colors::Red // 按下状态
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);
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// 边框
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button->setBorder(Colors::White, 2.0f);
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// 圆角
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button->setRoundedCornersEnabled(true);
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button->setCornerRadius(8.0f);
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// 图片背景
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button->setBackgroundImage(normalTex, hoverTex, pressedTex);
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button->setBackgroundImageScaleMode(ImageScaleMode::ScaleFit);
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// 悬停光标
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button->setHoverCursor(CursorShape::Hand);
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```
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### 图片缩放模式
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```cpp
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enum class ImageScaleMode {
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Original, // 使用原图大小
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Stretch, // 拉伸填充
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ScaleFit, // 等比缩放,保持完整显示
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ScaleFill // 等比缩放,填充整个区域(可能裁剪)
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};
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```
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### 透明按钮(菜单项)
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```cpp
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// 创建纯文本按钮(透明背景,用于菜单)
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auto menuBtn = Button::create();
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menuBtn->setFont(font);
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menuBtn->setText("新游戏");
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menuBtn->setTextColor(Colors::Black);
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menuBtn->setBackgroundColor(
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Colors::Transparent, // 正常
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Colors::Transparent, // 悬停
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Colors::Transparent // 按下
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);
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menuBtn->setBorder(Colors::Transparent, 0.0f);
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menuBtn->setPadding(Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
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menuBtn->setCustomSize(200.0f, 40.0f);
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menuBtn->setAnchor(0.5f, 0.5f); // 中心锚点
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menuBtn->setPosition(centerX, centerY);
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addChild(menuBtn);
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```
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## 文本(Text)
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### 创建文本
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```cpp
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// 方式1:简单创建
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auto text = Text::create("Hello World", font);
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text->setPosition(Vec2(100, 50));
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// 方式2:链式调用
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auto text = Text::create("Hello World")
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->withFont(font)
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->withPosition(100, 50)
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->withTextColor(Colors::White)
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->withFontSize(24)
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->withAlignment(Alignment::Center);
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addChild(text);
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```
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### 文本属性设置
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```cpp
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// 设置文本
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text->setText("新文本");
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text->setFormat("Score: %d", score); // 格式化文本
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// 字体和颜色
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text->setFont(font);
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text->setTextColor(Colors::White);
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text->setFontSize(24);
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// 对齐方式
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text->setAlignment(Alignment::Left); // 水平:左/中/右
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text->setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment::Middle); // 垂直:上/中/下
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// 获取文本尺寸
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Size size = text->getTextSize();
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float lineHeight = text->getLineHeight();
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```
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### 对齐方式枚举
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```cpp
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enum class Alignment { Left, Center, Right };
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enum class VerticalAlignment { Top, Middle, Bottom };
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```
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## 标签(Label)
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Label 是功能更丰富的文本组件,支持阴影、描边、多行文本。
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### 创建标签
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```cpp
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// 创建标签
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auto label = Label::create("玩家名称", font);
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label->setPosition(Vec2(100, 50));
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label->setTextColor(Colors::White);
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// 链式调用
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auto label = Label::create("玩家名称")
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->withFont(font)
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->withPosition(100, 50)
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->withTextColor(Colors::White)
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->withFontSize(24);
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addChild(label);
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```
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### 标签特效
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```cpp
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// 阴影
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label->setShadowEnabled(true);
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label->setShadowColor(Colors::Black);
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label->setShadowOffset(Vec2(2.0f, 2.0f));
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// 描边
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label->setOutlineEnabled(true);
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label->setOutlineColor(Colors::Black);
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label->setOutlineWidth(1.0f);
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// 多行文本
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label->setMultiLine(true);
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label->setLineSpacing(1.2f);
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label->setMaxWidth(300.0f); // 自动换行宽度
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// 对齐方式
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label->setHorizontalAlign(HorizontalAlign::Center);
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label->setVerticalAlign(VerticalAlign::Middle);
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```
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## 复选框(CheckBox)
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### 创建复选框
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```cpp
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// 方式1:简单创建
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auto checkBox = CheckBox::create();
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checkBox->setPosition(Vec2(100, 200));
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checkBox->setChecked(true);
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// 方式2:带标签
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auto checkBox = CheckBox::create("启用音效");
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checkBox->setPosition(Vec2(100, 200));
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// 方式3:链式调用
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auto checkBox = CheckBox::create("启用音效")
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->withPosition(100, 200)
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->withFont(font)
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->withTextColor(Colors::White);
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// 状态改变回调
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checkBox->setOnStateChange([](bool checked) {
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E2D_LOG_INFO("复选框状态: {}", checked);
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});
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addChild(checkBox);
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```
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### 复选框属性
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```cpp
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// 状态
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checkBox->setChecked(true);
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checkBox->toggle();
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bool isChecked = checkBox->isChecked();
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// 标签
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checkBox->setLabel("新标签");
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checkBox->setFont(font);
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checkBox->setTextColor(Colors::White);
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// 外观
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checkBox->setBoxSize(20.0f); // 复选框大小
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checkBox->setSpacing(10.0f); // 复选框与标签间距
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checkBox->setCheckedColor(Colors::Green);
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checkBox->setUncheckedColor(Colors::Gray);
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checkBox->setCheckMarkColor(Colors::White);
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```
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## 单选按钮(RadioButton)
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### 创建单选按钮
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```cpp
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// 创建单选按钮
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auto radio1 = RadioButton::create("选项 A");
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radio1->setPosition(Vec2(100, 300));
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radio1->setSelected(true);
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auto radio2 = RadioButton::create("选项 B");
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radio2->setPosition(Vec2(100, 340));
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auto radio3 = RadioButton::create("选项 C");
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radio3->setPosition(Vec2(100, 380));
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// 添加到组(互斥选择)
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radio1->setGroupId(1);
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radio2->setGroupId(1);
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radio3->setGroupId(1);
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// 或使用 RadioButtonGroup
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auto group = std::make_shared<RadioButtonGroup>();
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group->addButton(radio1.get());
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group->addButton(radio2.get());
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group->addButton(radio3.get());
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// 选择改变回调
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group->setOnSelectionChange([](RadioButton* selected) {
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if (selected) {
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E2D_LOG_INFO("选中: {}", selected->getLabel());
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}
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});
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addChild(radio1);
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addChild(radio2);
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addChild(radio3);
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```
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### 单选按钮属性
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```cpp
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// 状态
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radio->setSelected(true);
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bool isSelected = radio->isSelected();
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// 标签
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radio->setLabel("新标签");
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radio->setFont(font);
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radio->setTextColor(Colors::White);
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// 外观
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radio->setCircleSize(16.0f); // 圆形大小
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radio->setSpacing(10.0f); // 圆形与标签间距
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radio->setSelectedColor(Colors::Green);
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radio->setUnselectedColor(Colors::Gray);
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radio->setDotColor(Colors::White);
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// 分组
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radio->setGroupId(1); // 相同 groupId 的按钮互斥
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```
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## 滑块(Slider)
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### 创建滑块
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```cpp
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// 方式1:简单创建
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auto slider = Slider::create();
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slider->setPosition(Vec2(200, 400));
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slider->setRange(0.0f, 100.0f);
|
|||
|
|
slider->setValue(50.0f);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 方式2:带初始值创建
|
|||
|
|
auto slider = Slider::create(0.0f, 100.0f, 50.0f);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 方式3:链式调用
|
|||
|
|
auto slider = Slider::create()
|
|||
|
|
->withPosition(200, 400)
|
|||
|
|
->withSize(200, 20)
|
|||
|
|
->withMinValue(0.0f)
|
|||
|
|
->withMaxValue(100.0f)
|
|||
|
|
->withValue(50.0f);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 值改变回调
|
|||
|
|
slider->setOnValueChange([](float value) {
|
|||
|
|
E2D_LOG_INFO("滑块值: {}", value);
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 拖动开始/结束回调
|
|||
|
|
slider->setOnDragStart([]() {
|
|||
|
|
E2D_LOG_INFO("开始拖动");
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
slider->setOnDragEnd([]() {
|
|||
|
|
E2D_LOG_INFO("结束拖动");
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
addChild(slider);
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 滑块属性
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```cpp
|
|||
|
|
// 值和范围
|
|||
|
|
slider->setRange(0.0f, 100.0f);
|
|||
|
|
slider->setValue(50.0f);
|
|||
|
|
slider->setStep(5.0f); // 步进值,0表示无步进
|
|||
|
|
float value = slider->getValue();
|
|||
|
|
float min = slider->getMin();
|
|||
|
|
float max = slider->getMax();
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 方向
|
|||
|
|
slider->setVertical(false); // false=水平, true=垂直
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 外观
|
|||
|
|
slider->setTrackSize(4.0f); // 轨道粗细
|
|||
|
|
slider->setThumbSize(16.0f); // 滑块大小
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 颜色
|
|||
|
|
slider->setTrackColor(Colors::Gray);
|
|||
|
|
slider->setFillColor(Colors::Green);
|
|||
|
|
slider->setThumbColor(Colors::White);
|
|||
|
|
slider->setThumbHoverColor(Colors::Yellow);
|
|||
|
|
slider->setThumbPressedColor(Colors::Orange);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 显示选项
|
|||
|
|
slider->setShowThumb(true); // 显示滑块
|
|||
|
|
slider->setShowFill(true); // 显示填充
|
|||
|
|
slider->setTextEnabled(true); // 显示数值文本
|
|||
|
|
slider->setTextFormat("{:.0f}%"); // 数值格式
|
|||
|
|
slider->setFont(font);
|
|||
|
|
slider->setTextColor(Colors::White);
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 进度条(ProgressBar)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 创建进度条
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```cpp
|
|||
|
|
// 方式1:简单创建
|
|||
|
|
auto progressBar = ProgressBar::create();
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setPosition(Vec2(200, 500));
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setSize(300.0f, 30.0f);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setValue(75.0f); // 75%
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 方式2:带范围创建
|
|||
|
|
auto progressBar = ProgressBar::create(0.0f, 100.0f, 75.0f);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 方式3:链式调用
|
|||
|
|
auto progressBar = ProgressBar::create()
|
|||
|
|
->withPosition(200, 500)
|
|||
|
|
->withSize(300, 30)
|
|||
|
|
->withProgress(0.75f); // 0-1 的进度值
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
addChild(progressBar);
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### 进度条属性
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```cpp
|
|||
|
|
// 值和范围
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setRange(0.0f, 100.0f);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setValue(75.0f);
|
|||
|
|
float value = progressBar->getValue();
|
|||
|
|
float percent = progressBar->getPercent(); // 0.0-1.0
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 方向
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setDirection(Direction::LeftToRight);
|
|||
|
|
// Direction::LeftToRight, RightToLeft, BottomToTop, TopToBottom
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 颜色
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setBackgroundColor(Colors::DarkGray);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setFillColor(Colors::Green);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 渐变填充
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setGradientFillEnabled(true);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setFillColorEnd(Colors::LightGreen);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 分段颜色(根据进度显示不同颜色)
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setSegmentedColorsEnabled(true);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->addColorSegment(0.3f, Colors::Red); // <30% 红色
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->addColorSegment(0.7f, Colors::Yellow); // 30-70% 黄色
|
|||
|
|
// >70% 使用默认填充色(绿色)
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 圆角
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setRoundedCornersEnabled(true);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setCornerRadius(8.0f);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 边框
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setBorderEnabled(true);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setBorderColor(Colors::White);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setBorderWidth(2.0f);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setPadding(2.0f);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 文本
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setTextEnabled(true);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setTextFormat("{:.0f}%");
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setFont(font);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setTextColor(Colors::White);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 动画效果
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setAnimatedChangeEnabled(true);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setAnimationSpeed(5.0f);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 延迟显示效果
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setDelayedDisplayEnabled(true);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setDelayTime(0.5f);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setDelayedFillColor(Colors::Yellow);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 条纹效果
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setStripedEnabled(true);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setStripeColor(Colors::White);
|
|||
|
|
progressBar->setStripeSpeed(1.0f);
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 完整示例:设置场景
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```cpp
|
|||
|
|
class SettingsScene : public Scene {
|
|||
|
|
public:
|
|||
|
|
void onEnter() override {
|
|||
|
|
Scene::onEnter();
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
auto& resources = Application::instance().resources();
|
|||
|
|
font_ = resources.loadFont("assets/font.ttf", 24);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 标题
|
|||
|
|
auto title = Text::create("设置", font_);
|
|||
|
|
title->setPosition(Vec2(400, 100));
|
|||
|
|
title->setAlignment(Alignment::Center);
|
|||
|
|
addChild(title);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 音效开关
|
|||
|
|
auto soundLabel = Label::create("音效", font_);
|
|||
|
|
soundLabel->setPosition(Vec2(200, 200));
|
|||
|
|
addChild(soundLabel);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
soundCheck_ = CheckBox::create();
|
|||
|
|
soundCheck_->setPosition(Vec2(350, 200));
|
|||
|
|
soundCheck_->setChecked(true);
|
|||
|
|
soundCheck_->setOnStateChange([this](bool checked) {
|
|||
|
|
E2D_LOG_INFO("音效: {}", checked ? "开启" : "关闭");
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
addChild(soundCheck_);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 音量滑块
|
|||
|
|
auto volumeLabel = Label::create("音量", font_);
|
|||
|
|
volumeLabel->setPosition(Vec2(200, 280));
|
|||
|
|
addChild(volumeLabel);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
volumeSlider_ = Slider::create(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.8f);
|
|||
|
|
volumeSlider_->setPosition(Vec2(350, 280));
|
|||
|
|
volumeSlider_->setSize(200, 20);
|
|||
|
|
volumeSlider_->setOnValueChange([](float value) {
|
|||
|
|
E2D_LOG_INFO("音量: {:.0f}%", value * 100);
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
addChild(volumeSlider_);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 难度选择
|
|||
|
|
auto difficultyLabel = Label::create("难度", font_);
|
|||
|
|
difficultyLabel->setPosition(Vec2(200, 360));
|
|||
|
|
addChild(difficultyLabel);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
auto easyRadio = RadioButton::create("简单");
|
|||
|
|
easyRadio->setPosition(Vec2(350, 360));
|
|||
|
|
easyRadio->setSelected(true);
|
|||
|
|
easyRadio->setGroupId(1);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
auto normalRadio = RadioButton::create("普通");
|
|||
|
|
normalRadio->setPosition(Vec2(450, 360));
|
|||
|
|
normalRadio->setGroupId(1);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
auto hardRadio = RadioButton::create("困难");
|
|||
|
|
hardRadio->setPosition(Vec2(550, 360));
|
|||
|
|
hardRadio->setGroupId(1);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
addChild(easyRadio);
|
|||
|
|
addChild(normalRadio);
|
|||
|
|
addChild(hardRadio);
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// 返回按钮
|
|||
|
|
auto backBtn = Button::create("返回", font_);
|
|||
|
|
backBtn->setPosition(Vec2(400, 500));
|
|||
|
|
backBtn->setCustomSize(150.0f, 50.0f);
|
|||
|
|
backBtn->setBackgroundColor(
|
|||
|
|
Colors::Blue,
|
|||
|
|
Colors::LightBlue,
|
|||
|
|
Colors::DarkBlue
|
|||
|
|
);
|
|||
|
|
backBtn->setOnClick([]() {
|
|||
|
|
Application::instance().scenes().popScene();
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
addChild(backBtn);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
private:
|
|||
|
|
Ptr<FontAtlas> font_;
|
|||
|
|
Ptr<CheckBox> soundCheck_;
|
|||
|
|
Ptr<Slider> volumeSlider_;
|
|||
|
|
};
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 最佳实践
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
1. **使用屏幕空间** - UI 控件通常使用 `CoordinateSpace::Screen` 固定在屏幕上
|
|||
|
|
2. **使用链式调用** - 创建控件时优先使用链式调用,代码更简洁
|
|||
|
|
3. **设置合适的锚点** - 使用锚点(0.5, 0.5)让控件中心对齐,方便布局
|
|||
|
|
4. **复用字体资源** - 避免重复加载相同字体
|
|||
|
|
5. **使用回调函数** - 使用 `setOnClick`、`setOnValueChange` 等回调响应用户操作
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
## 下一步
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
- [08. 音频系统](./08_Audio_System.md) - 学习音频播放
|