refactor(audio): 示例程序重构音频系统为单例管理器模式

feat(text): 为Text类添加格式化文本创建和设置功能
refactor(ui): 将碰撞演示和空间索引演示的UI改为Text组件实现
chore: 移除不再使用的音频上下文和菜单按钮相关代码

Extra2D/include/extra2d/ui/text.h

@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@
 #include <extra2d/core/types.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/font.h>
 #include <extra2d/ui/widget.h>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <string>
 
 namespace extra2d {
 
@@ -29,6 +32,15 @@ public:
   static Ptr<Text> create(const String &text);
   static Ptr<Text> create(const String &text, Ptr<FontAtlas> font);
 
+  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 格式化创建方法（类似 printf）
+  // 使用示例：
+  //   auto text = Text::createFormat("FPS: %d", 60);
+  //   auto text = Text::createFormat(font, "得分: %d", score);
+  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  static Ptr<Text> createFormat(const char *fmt, ...);
+  static Ptr<Text> createFormat(Ptr<FontAtlas> font, const char *fmt, ...);
+
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // 链式调用构建器方法
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -48,6 +60,38 @@ public:
   void setText(const String &text);
   const String &getText() const { return text_; }
 
+  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  // 格式化文本设置（类似 printf）
+  // 使用示例：
+  //   text->setFormat("FPS: %d", 60);
+  //   text->setFormat("位置: (%.1f, %.1f)", x, y);
+  //   text->setFormat("生命值: %d/100", hp);
+  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  void setFormat(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    char buffer[256];
+    vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    text_ = buffer;
+    sizeDirty_ = true;
+    updateSpatialIndex();
+  }
+
+  // 链式调用的格式化方法
+  // 注意：由于C++可变参数的限制，链式调用需要单独设置格式和值
+  Text *withFormattedText(const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    char buffer[256];
+    vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    text_ = buffer;
+    sizeDirty_ = true;
+    updateSpatialIndex();
+    return this;
+  }
+
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // 字体
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------

Extra2D/src/ui/text.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #include <extra2d/ui/text.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/render_backend.h>
 #include <extra2d/core/string.h>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstdio>
 
 namespace extra2d {
 
@@ -203,6 +205,29 @@ Ptr<Text> Text::create(const String &text, Ptr<FontAtlas> font) {
   return t;
 }
 
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// 格式化创建方法
+// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Ptr<Text> Text::createFormat(const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  char buffer[256];
+  vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  return makePtr<Text>(buffer);
+}
+
+Ptr<Text> Text::createFormat(Ptr<FontAtlas> font, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, fmt);
+  char buffer[256];
+  vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fmt, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  auto t = makePtr<Text>(buffer);
+  t->setFont(font);
+  return t;
+}
+
 Rect Text::getBoundingBox() const {
   if (!font_ || text_.empty()) {
     return Rect();

examples/collision_demo/main.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <extra2d/extra2d.h>
-#include <sstream>
-
 
 using namespace extra2d;
 
@@ -73,7 +71,7 @@ public:
     centerBox_->setPosition(Vec2(centerX, centerY));
     addChild(centerBox_);
 
-    // 加载字体
+    // 加载字体并创建UI
     loadFonts();
 
     E2D_LOG_INFO("创建了 {} 个碰撞框", boxes_.size() + 1);
@@ -102,6 +100,9 @@ public:
     // 执行碰撞检测
     performCollisionDetection();
 
+    // 更新UI文本
+    updateUI();
+
     // 检查退出按键
     auto &input = Application::instance().input();
     if (input.isButtonPressed(GamepadButton::Start)) {
@@ -110,28 +111,60 @@ public:
     }
   }
 
-  void onRender(RenderBackend &renderer) override {
-    Scene::onRender(renderer);
-
-    // 绘制说明文字
-    drawUI(renderer);
-  }
-
 private:
   /**
-   * @brief 加载字体资源
+   * @brief 加载字体资源并创建UI文本
    */
   void loadFonts() {
     auto &resources = Application::instance().resources();
     titleFont_ = resources.loadFont("assets/font.ttf", 60, true);
     infoFont_ = resources.loadFont("assets/font.ttf", 28, true);
 
-    if (!titleFont_) {
+    // 创建标题文本
-      E2D_LOG_WARN("无法加载标题字体");
+    titleText_ = Text::create("碰撞检测演示", titleFont_);
-    }
+    titleText_->setPosition(50.0f, 30.0f);
-    if (!infoFont_) {
+    titleText_->setTextColor(Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
-      E2D_LOG_WARN("无法加载信息字体");
+    addChild(titleText_);
+
+    // 创建说明文本
+    descText_ = Text::create("蓝色方块旋转并检测碰撞", infoFont_);
+    descText_->setPosition(50.0f, 80.0f);
+    descText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(descText_);
+
+    collideHintText_ = Text::create("红色 = 检测到碰撞", infoFont_);
+    collideHintText_->setPosition(50.0f, 105.0f);
+    collideHintText_->setTextColor(Color(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(collideHintText_);
+
+    // 创建动态统计文本
+    collisionText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    collisionText_->setPosition(50.0f, 150.0f);
+    collisionText_->setTextColor(Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(collisionText_);
+
+    fpsText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    fpsText_->setPosition(50.0f, 175.0f);
+    fpsText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 1.0f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(fpsText_);
+
+    // 创建退出提示文本
+    float screenHeight = static_cast<float>(Application::instance().getConfig().height);
+    exitHintText_ = Text::create("按 + 键退出", infoFont_);
+    exitHintText_->setPosition(50.0f, screenHeight - 50.0f);
+    exitHintText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(exitHintText_);
   }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief 更新UI文本
+   */
+  void updateUI() {
+    auto &app = Application::instance();
+
+    // 使用 setFormat 更新动态文本
+    collisionText_->setFormat("碰撞数: %zu", collisionCount_);
+    fpsText_->setFormat("FPS: %u", app.fps());
   }
 
   /**
@@ -182,44 +215,6 @@ private:
     }
   }
 
-  /**
-   * @brief 绘制UI界面
-   */
-  void drawUI(RenderBackend &renderer) {
-    if (!titleFont_ || !infoFont_)
-      return;
-
-    auto &app = Application::instance();
-
-    // 绘制标题
-    renderer.drawText(*titleFont_, "碰撞检测演示", Vec2(50.0f, 30.0f),
-                      Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
-
-    // 绘制说明文字
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "蓝色方块旋转并检测碰撞", Vec2(50.0f, 80.0f),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "红色 = 检测到碰撞", Vec2(50.0f, 105.0f),
-                      Color(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
-
-    // 绘制碰撞统计
-    std::stringstream ss;
-    ss << "碰撞数: " << collisionCount_;
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(50.0f, 150.0f),
-                      Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
-
-    // 绘制 FPS
-    ss.str("");
-    ss << "FPS: " << app.fps();
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(50.0f, 175.0f),
-                      Color(0.8f, 1.0f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-
-    // 绘制操作提示
-    float screenHeight = static_cast<float>(app.getConfig().height);
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "按 + 键退出",
-                      Vec2(50.0f, screenHeight - 50.0f),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-  }
-
   Ptr<CollisionBox> centerBox_;
   std::vector<Ptr<CollisionBox>> boxes_;
   float rotationAngle_ = 0.0f;
@@ -229,6 +224,14 @@ private:
   // 字体资源
   Ptr<FontAtlas> titleFont_;
   Ptr<FontAtlas> infoFont_;
+
+  // UI 文本组件
+  Ptr<Text> titleText_;
+  Ptr<Text> descText_;
+  Ptr<Text> collideHintText_;
+  Ptr<Text> collisionText_;
+  Ptr<Text> fpsText_;
+  Ptr<Text> exitHintText_;
 };
 
 // ============================================================================

examples/push_box/PlayScene.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "PlayScene.h"
 
-#include "audio_context.h"
+#include "audio_manager.h"
-#include "audio_controller.h"
 #include "storage.h"
 #include "StartScene.h"
 #include "SuccessScene.h"
@@ -93,11 +92,6 @@ PlayScene::PlayScene(int level) {
     mapLayer_->setPosition(0.0f, 0.0f);
     addChild(mapLayer_);
 
-    auto audioNode = AudioController::create();
-    audioNode->setName("AudioController");
-    addChild(audioNode);
-    setAudioController(audioNode);
-
     setLevel(level);
 }
 
@@ -136,12 +130,10 @@ void PlayScene::onUpdate(float dt) {
         return;
     }
 
-    // X 键直接切换音效
+    // X键直接切换音效
     if (input.isButtonPressed(SDL_CONTROLLER_BUTTON_X)) {
         g_SoundOpen = !g_SoundOpen;
-        if (auto audio = getAudioController()) {
+        AudioManager::instance().setEnabled(g_SoundOpen);
-            audio->setEnabled(g_SoundOpen);
-        }
         updateSoundIcon();
         return;
     }
@@ -189,9 +181,7 @@ void PlayScene::executeMenuItem() {
         break;
     case 1: // 切换音效
         g_SoundOpen = !g_SoundOpen;
-        if (auto audio = getAudioController()) {
+        AudioManager::instance().setEnabled(g_SoundOpen);
-            audio->setEnabled(g_SoundOpen);
-        }
         updateSoundIcon();
         break;
     }
@@ -329,9 +319,7 @@ void PlayScene::move(int dx, int dy, int direct) {
         g_Pushing = false;
         map_.value[map_.roleY][map_.roleX].type = TYPE::Ground;
         map_.value[targetY][targetX].type = TYPE::Man;
-        if (auto audio = getAudioController()) {
+        AudioManager::instance().playManMove();
-            audio->playManMove();
-        }
     } else if (map_.value[targetY][targetX].type == TYPE::Box) {
         g_Pushing = true;
 
@@ -370,9 +358,7 @@ void PlayScene::move(int dx, int dy, int direct) {
         map_.value[targetY][targetX].type = TYPE::Man;
         map_.value[map_.roleY][map_.roleX].type = TYPE::Ground;
 
-        if (auto audio = getAudioController()) {
+        AudioManager::instance().playBoxMove();
-            audio->playBoxMove();
-        }
     } else {
         return;
     }

examples/push_box/StartScene.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "StartScene.h"
 
-#include "audio_context.h"
+#include "audio_manager.h"
-#include "audio_controller.h"
 #include "data.h"
 #include "PlayScene.h"
 #include <extra2d/extra2d.h>
@@ -28,10 +27,6 @@ void StartScene::onEnter() {
     setBackgroundColor(extra2d::Colors::Black);
 
     if (getChildren().empty()) {
-        auto audioNode = AudioController::create();
-        audioNode->setName("audio_controller");
-        addChild(audioNode);
-        setAudioController(audioNode);
 
         float screenW = static_cast<float>(app.getConfig().width);
         float screenH = static_cast<float>(app.getConfig().height);
@@ -138,9 +133,7 @@ void StartScene::onUpdate(float dt) {
     // X键切换音效
     if (input.isButtonPressed(extra2d::GamepadButton::X)) {
         g_SoundOpen = !g_SoundOpen;
-        if (auto audio = getAudioController()) {
+        AudioManager::instance().setEnabled(g_SoundOpen);
-            audio->setEnabled(g_SoundOpen);
-        }
         updateSoundIcon();
     }
 }

examples/push_box/audio_context.cpp

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#include "audio_context.h"
-
-#include "audio_controller.h"
-
-namespace pushbox {
-
-static extra2d::WeakPtr<AudioController> g_audioController;
-
-void setAudioController(const extra2d::Ptr<AudioController>& controller) {
-    g_audioController = controller;
-}
-
-extra2d::Ptr<AudioController> getAudioController() {
-    return g_audioController.lock();
-}
-
-} // namespace pushbox

examples/push_box/audio_context.h

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <extra2d/extra2d.h>
-
-namespace pushbox {
-
-class AudioController;
-
-void setAudioController(const extra2d::Ptr<AudioController>& controller);
-extra2d::Ptr<AudioController> getAudioController();
-
-} // namespace pushbox

examples/push_box/audio_controller.cpp

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-#include "audio_controller.h"
-
-#include "storage.h"
-
-namespace pushbox {
-
-extra2d::Ptr<AudioController> AudioController::create() {
-    return extra2d::makePtr<AudioController>();
-}
-
-void AudioController::onEnter() {
-    Node::onEnter();
-
-    if (!loaded_) {
-        auto& resources = extra2d::Application::instance().resources();
-
-        background_ = resources.loadSound("pushbox_bg", "assets/audio/background.wav");
-        manMove_ = resources.loadSound("pushbox_manmove", "assets/audio/manmove.wav");
-        boxMove_ = resources.loadSound("pushbox_boxmove", "assets/audio/boxmove.wav");
-
-        if (background_) {
-            background_->setLooping(true);
-            background_->play();
-        }
-
-        loaded_ = true;
-    }
-
-    setEnabled(g_SoundOpen);
-}
-
-void AudioController::setEnabled(bool enabled) {
-    enabled_ = enabled;
-    g_SoundOpen = enabled;
-    saveSoundOpen(enabled);
-
-    if (!background_) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    if (enabled_) {
-        background_->resume();
-    } else {
-        background_->pause();
-    }
-}
-
-void AudioController::playManMove() {
-    if (!enabled_ || !manMove_) {
-        return;
-    }
-    manMove_->play();
-}
-
-void AudioController::playBoxMove() {
-    if (!enabled_ || !boxMove_) {
-        return;
-    }
-    boxMove_->play();
-}
-
-} // namespace pushbox

examples/push_box/audio_controller.h

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "data.h"
-#include <extra2d/extra2d.h>
-
-namespace pushbox {
-
-class AudioController : public extra2d::Node {
-public:
-    static extra2d::Ptr<AudioController> create();
-
-    void onEnter() override;
-
-    void setEnabled(bool enabled);
-    bool isEnabled() const { return enabled_; }
-
-    void playManMove();
-    void playBoxMove();
-
-private:
-    bool loaded_ = false;
-    bool enabled_ = true;
-
-    extra2d::Ptr<extra2d::Sound> background_;
-    extra2d::Ptr<extra2d::Sound> manMove_;
-    extra2d::Ptr<extra2d::Sound> boxMove_;
-};
-
-} // namespace pushbox

examples/push_box/audio_manager.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "audio_manager.h"
+
+#include "storage.h"
+
+namespace pushbox {
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 单例实现
+// ============================================================================
+AudioManager& AudioManager::instance() {
+    static AudioManager instance;
+    return instance;
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 初始化音频资源
+// ============================================================================
+void AudioManager::init() {
+    if (initialized_) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto& resources = extra2d::Application::instance().resources();
+
+    // 加载音效资源
+    background_ = resources.loadSound("pushbox_bg", "assets/audio/background.wav");
+    manMove_ = resources.loadSound("pushbox_manmove", "assets/audio/manmove.wav");
+    boxMove_ = resources.loadSound("pushbox_boxmove", "assets/audio/boxmove.wav");
+
+    // 设置背景音乐循环播放
+    if (background_) {
+        background_->setLooping(true);
+    }
+
+    // 从存储中读取音效设置
+    enabled_ = g_SoundOpen;
+
+    initialized_ = true;
+
+    // 如果音效开启，播放背景音乐
+    if (enabled_ && background_) {
+        background_->play();
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 启用/禁用音效
+// ============================================================================
+void AudioManager::setEnabled(bool enabled) {
+    enabled_ = enabled;
+    g_SoundOpen = enabled;
+    saveSoundOpen(enabled);
+
+    if (!background_) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (enabled_) {
+        background_->resume();
+    } else {
+        background_->pause();
+    }
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 播放角色移动音效
+// ============================================================================
+void AudioManager::playManMove() {
+    if (!enabled_ || !manMove_) {
+        return;
+    }
+    manMove_->play();
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 播放箱子移动音效
+// ============================================================================
+void AudioManager::playBoxMove() {
+    if (!enabled_ || !boxMove_) {
+        return;
+    }
+    boxMove_->play();
+}
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 背景音乐控制
+// ============================================================================
+void AudioManager::playBackground() {
+    if (background_) {
+        background_->play();
+    }
+}
+
+void AudioManager::pauseBackground() {
+    if (background_) {
+        background_->pause();
+    }
+}
+
+void AudioManager::resumeBackground() {
+    if (background_) {
+        background_->resume();
+    }
+}
+
+void AudioManager::stopBackground() {
+    if (background_) {
+        background_->stop();
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace pushbox

examples/push_box/audio_manager.h

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "data.h"
+#include <extra2d/extra2d.h>
+
+namespace pushbox {
+
+// ============================================================================
+// 全局音频管理器 - 单例模式，不依赖场景生命周期
+// ============================================================================
+class AudioManager {
+public:
+    // 获取单例实例
+    static AudioManager& instance();
+
+    // 初始化音频资源
+    void init();
+
+    // 启用/禁用音效
+    void setEnabled(bool enabled);
+    bool isEnabled() const { return enabled_; }
+
+    // 播放音效
+    void playManMove();
+    void playBoxMove();
+
+    // 背景音乐控制
+    void playBackground();
+    void pauseBackground();
+    void resumeBackground();
+    void stopBackground();
+
+private:
+    AudioManager() = default;
+    ~AudioManager() = default;
+    AudioManager(const AudioManager&) = delete;
+    AudioManager& operator=(const AudioManager&) = delete;
+
+    bool initialized_ = false;
+    bool enabled_ = true;
+
+    extra2d::Ptr<extra2d::Sound> background_;
+    extra2d::Ptr<extra2d::Sound> manMove_;
+    extra2d::Ptr<extra2d::Sound> boxMove_;
+};
+
+} // namespace pushbox

examples/push_box/main.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "StartScene.h"
 #include "data.h"
 #include "storage.h"
+#include "audio_manager.h"
 
 using namespace extra2d;
 
@@ -40,6 +41,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
     }
     pushbox::g_SoundOpen = pushbox::loadSoundOpen(true);
 
+    // 初始化全局音频管理器
+    pushbox::AudioManager::instance().init();
+
     // 进入开始场景（主界面）
     app.enterScene(makePtr<pushbox::StartScene>());
 

examples/push_box/menu_button.cpp

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#include "menu_button.h"
-
-#include <extra2d/extra2d.h>
-
-namespace pushbox {
-
-extra2d::Ptr<MenuButton> MenuButton::create(extra2d::Ptr<extra2d::FontAtlas> font,
-                                            const extra2d::String& text,
-                                            extra2d::Function<void()> onClick) {
-    auto btn = extra2d::makePtr<MenuButton>();
-    btn->setFont(font);
-    btn->setText(text);
-    btn->setPadding(extra2d::Vec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
-    btn->setBackgroundColor(extra2d::Colors::Transparent, extra2d::Colors::Transparent,
-                            extra2d::Colors::Transparent);
-    btn->setBorder(extra2d::Colors::Transparent, 0.0f);
-    btn->setTextColor(extra2d::Colors::Black);
-
-    btn->onClick_ = std::move(onClick);
-    btn->setOnClick([wbtn = extra2d::WeakPtr<MenuButton>(btn)]() {
-        if (auto self = wbtn.lock()) {
-            if (self->enabled_ && self->onClick_) {
-                self->onClick_();
-            }
-        }
-    });
-
-    // 使用事件监听来处理悬停效果
-    // Note: Extra2D 的 Button 类可能有不同的悬停检测机制
-    // 这里简化处理，仅保留基本功能
-
-    return btn;
-}
-
-void MenuButton::setEnabled(bool enabled) {
-    enabled_ = enabled;
-    setTextColor(enabled ? extra2d::Colors::Black : extra2d::Colors::LightGray);
-}
-
-} // namespace pushbox

examples/push_box/menu_button.h

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <extra2d/extra2d.h>
-
-namespace pushbox {
-
-class MenuButton : public extra2d::Button {
-public:
-    static extra2d::Ptr<MenuButton> create(extra2d::Ptr<extra2d::FontAtlas> font,
-                                           const extra2d::String& text,
-                                           extra2d::Function<void()> onClick);
-
-    void setEnabled(bool enabled);
-    bool isEnabled() const { return enabled_; }
-
-private:
-    bool enabled_ = true;
-    extra2d::Function<void()> onClick_;
-};
-
-} // namespace pushbox

examples/spatial_index_demo/main.cpp

@@ -178,30 +178,135 @@ public:
   }
 
   void onRender(RenderBackend &renderer) override {
-    Scene::onRender(renderer);
-
     auto renderStart = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
 
-    // 节点渲染由Scene自动处理
+    Scene::onRender(renderer);
 
     auto renderEnd = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
     stats_.renderTime =
         std::chrono::duration<double, std::milli>(renderEnd - renderStart)
             .count();
 
-    // 绘制UI
+    // 更新UI文本内容
-    drawUI(renderer);
+    updateUI();
+
+    // 绘制图例方块（Text组件会自动渲染）
+    drawLegend(renderer);
   }
 
 private:
   /**
-   * @brief 加载字体资源
+   * @brief 加载字体资源并创建UI文本组件
    */
   void loadFonts() {
     auto &resources = Application::instance().resources();
 
     titleFont_ = resources.loadFont("assets/font.ttf", 28, true);
     infoFont_ = resources.loadFont("assets/font.ttf", 16, true);
+
+    // 创建标题文本
+    titleText_ = Text::create("引擎空间索引演示", titleFont_);
+    titleText_->setPosition(30.0f, 20.0f);
+    titleText_->setTextColor(Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(titleText_);
+
+    float x = 30.0f;
+    float y = 60.0f;
+    float lineHeight = 22.0f;
+
+    // 创建统计信息文本
+    nodeCountText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    nodeCountText_->setPosition(x, y);
+    nodeCountText_->setTextColor(Color(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(nodeCountText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    strategyText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    strategyText_->setPosition(x, y);
+    strategyText_->setTextColor(Color(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(strategyText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    collisionText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    collisionText_->setPosition(x, y);
+    collisionText_->setTextColor(Color(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(collisionText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    updateTimeText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    updateTimeText_->setPosition(x, y);
+    updateTimeText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(updateTimeText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    collisionTimeText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    collisionTimeText_->setPosition(x, y);
+    collisionTimeText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(collisionTimeText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    renderTimeText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    renderTimeText_->setPosition(x, y);
+    renderTimeText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(renderTimeText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    fpsText_ = Text::create("", infoFont_);
+    fpsText_->setPosition(x, y);
+    fpsText_->setTextColor(Color(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(fpsText_);
+    y += lineHeight * 1.5f;
+
+    // 创建操作说明文本
+    helpTitleText_ = Text::create("操作说明:", infoFont_);
+    helpTitleText_->setPosition(x, y);
+    helpTitleText_->setTextColor(Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(helpTitleText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    helpAddText_ = Text::create("A键 - 添加100个节点", infoFont_);
+    helpAddText_->setPosition(x + 10, y);
+    helpAddText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(helpAddText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    helpRemoveText_ = Text::create("B键 - 移除100个节点", infoFont_);
+    helpRemoveText_->setPosition(x + 10, y);
+    helpRemoveText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(helpRemoveText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    helpToggleText_ = Text::create("X键 - 切换索引策略", infoFont_);
+    helpToggleText_->setPosition(x + 10, y);
+    helpToggleText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(helpToggleText_);
+    y += lineHeight;
+
+    helpExitText_ = Text::create("+键 - 退出程序", infoFont_);
+    helpExitText_->setPosition(x + 10, y);
+    helpExitText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(helpExitText_);
+
+    // 创建图例文本
+    float legendX = screenWidth_ - 200.0f;
+    float legendY = 20.0f;
+
+    legendTitleText_ = Text::create("图例:", infoFont_);
+    legendTitleText_->setPosition(legendX, legendY);
+    legendTitleText_->setTextColor(Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(legendTitleText_);
+    legendY += 25.0f;
+
+    legendNormalText_ = Text::create("- 正常", infoFont_);
+    legendNormalText_->setPosition(legendX + 20.0f, legendY);
+    legendNormalText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(legendNormalText_);
+    legendY += 25.0f;
+
+    legendCollidingText_ = Text::create("- 碰撞中", infoFont_);
+    legendCollidingText_->setPosition(legendX + 20.0f, legendY);
+    legendCollidingText_->setTextColor(Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
+    addChild(legendCollidingText_);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -302,99 +407,39 @@ private:
   }
 
   /**
-   * @brief 绘制UI界面
+   * @brief 更新UI文本内容
    */
-  void drawUI(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+  void updateUI() {
-    if (!titleFont_ || !infoFont_)
+    if (!nodeCountText_)
       return;
 
     auto &app = Application::instance();
 
-    // 绘制标题
+    // 使用 setFormat 格式化文本
-    renderer.drawText(*titleFont_, "引擎空间索引演示", Vec2(30.0f, 20.0f),
+    nodeCountText_->setFormat("节点数量: %zu", stats_.nodeCount);
-                      Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
+    strategyText_->setFormat("索引策略: %s", stats_.strategyName);
+    collisionText_->setFormat("碰撞对数: %zu", stats_.collisionCount);
+    updateTimeText_->setFormat("更新时间: %.2f ms", stats_.updateTime);
+    collisionTimeText_->setFormat("碰撞检测: %.2f ms", stats_.collisionTime);
+    renderTimeText_->setFormat("渲染时间: %.2f ms", stats_.renderTime);
+    fpsText_->setFormat("FPS: %u", app.fps());
+  }
 
-    // 绘制性能统计
+  /**
-    std::stringstream ss;
+   * @brief 绘制图例方块
-    float x = 30.0f;
+   */
-    float y = 60.0f;
+  void drawLegend(RenderBackend &renderer) {
-    float lineHeight = 22.0f;
-
-    ss << "节点数量: " << stats_.nodeCount;
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(x, y),
-                      Color(0.9f, 0.9f, 0.9f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-
-    ss.str("");
-    ss << "索引策略: " << stats_.strategyName;
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(x, y),
-                      Color(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-
-    ss.str("");
-    ss << "碰撞对数: " << stats_.collisionCount;
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(x, y),
-                      Color(1.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-
-    ss.str("");
-    ss << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2);
-    ss << "更新时间: " << stats_.updateTime << " ms";
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(x, y),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-
-    ss.str("");
-    ss << "碰撞检测: " << stats_.collisionTime << " ms";
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(x, y),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-
-    ss.str("");
-    ss << "渲染时间: " << stats_.renderTime << " ms";
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(x, y),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-
-    ss.str("");
-    ss << "FPS: " << app.fps();
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, ss.str(), Vec2(x, y),
-                      Color(0.5f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight * 1.5f;
-
-    // 绘制操作说明
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "操作说明:", Vec2(x, y),
-                      Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "A键 - 添加100个节点", Vec2(x + 10, y),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "B键 - 移除100个节点", Vec2(x + 10, y),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "X键 - 切换索引策略", Vec2(x + 10, y),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-    y += lineHeight;
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "+键 - 退出程序", Vec2(x + 10, y),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
-
-    // 绘制图例
     float legendX = screenWidth_ - 200.0f;
-    float legendY = 20.0f;
+    float legendY = 20.0f + 25.0f; // 在标题下方
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "图例:", Vec2(legendX, legendY),
-                      Color(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f));
-    legendY += 25.0f;
 
+    // 绘制正常状态方块
     renderer.fillRect(Rect(legendX, legendY, 15.0f, 15.0f),
                       Color(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.9f, 0.7f));
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "- 正常", Vec2(legendX + 20.0f, legendY),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
     legendY += 25.0f;
 
+    // 绘制碰撞状态方块
     renderer.fillRect(Rect(legendX, legendY, 15.0f, 15.0f),
                       Color(1.0f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.9f));
-    renderer.drawText(*infoFont_, "- 碰撞中", Vec2(legendX + 20.0f, legendY),
-                      Color(0.8f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.0f));
   }
 
   std::vector<Ptr<PhysicsNode>> nodes_;
@@ -404,6 +449,24 @@ private:
 
   Ptr<FontAtlas> titleFont_;
   Ptr<FontAtlas> infoFont_;
+
+  // UI 文本组件
+  Ptr<Text> titleText_;
+  Ptr<Text> nodeCountText_;
+  Ptr<Text> strategyText_;
+  Ptr<Text> collisionText_;
+  Ptr<Text> updateTimeText_;
+  Ptr<Text> collisionTimeText_;
+  Ptr<Text> renderTimeText_;
+  Ptr<Text> fpsText_;
+  Ptr<Text> helpTitleText_;
+  Ptr<Text> helpAddText_;
+  Ptr<Text> helpRemoveText_;
+  Ptr<Text> helpToggleText_;
+  Ptr<Text> helpExitText_;
+  Ptr<Text> legendTitleText_;
+  Ptr<Text> legendNormalText_;
+  Ptr<Text> legendCollidingText_;
 };
 
 // ============================================================================