From 9e911db53cf63a41f930af1c3dd9257438574b59 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: ChestnutYueyue <952134128@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:04:21 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?refactor(=E6=B8=B2=E6=9F=93=E5=99=A8):=20?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E5=B0=86RenderBackend=E9=87=8D=E5=91=BD=E5=90=8D=E4=B8=BARende?=
 =?UTF-8?q?rer=E5=B9=B6=E9=87=8D=E6=9E=84=E7=9B=B8=E5=85=B3=E4=BB=A3?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=E7=A0=81?=
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重构渲染器接口命名，将RenderBackend统一更名为Renderer，同时更新所有相关文件和文档引用。此变更旨在提供更简洁清晰的接口命名，并保持代码一致性。

- 重命名RenderBackend类为Renderer
- 更新所有相关文件中的类型引用和文档
- 保持原有功能不变，仅进行命名和结构调整
- 修复因重命名导致的编译错误和警告
---
 Extra2D/include/extra2d/app/application.h     |   4 +-
 Extra2D/include/extra2d/extra2d.h             |   2 +-
 .../extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h    | 125 ----
 .../extra2d/graphics/core/render_module.h     |  89 ++-
 .../extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h     | 168 ++---
 .../extra2d/graphics/texture/texture_pool.h   |   4 +-
 Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/node.h          |  11 +-
 Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene.h         |   6 +-
 Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene_manager.h |   5 +-
 Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/shape_node.h    |   2 +-
 Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/sprite.h        |   2 +-
 .../extra2d/scene/transition_box_scene.h      |   2 +-
 .../extra2d/scene/transition_fade_scene.h     |   6 +-
 .../extra2d/scene/transition_flip_scene.h     |   2 +-
 .../extra2d/scene/transition_scale_scene.h    |   2 +-
 .../include/extra2d/scene/transition_scene.h  |  16 +-
 .../extra2d/scene/transition_slide_scene.h    |   2 +-
 .../include/extra2d/services/scene_service.h  | 109 +--
 Extra2D/src/app/application.cpp               |   9 +-
 Extra2D/src/graphics/core/render_module.cpp   |   2 +-
 Extra2D/src/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.cpp   | 123 ++-
 Extra2D/src/graphics/texture/texture_pool.cpp | 699 +++++++++---------
 Extra2D/src/scene/node.cpp                    |   8 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/scene.cpp                   |   7 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/scene_manager.cpp           |  55 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/shape_node.cpp              |  44 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/sprite.cpp                  |   8 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/transition_box_scene.cpp    |  17 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/transition_fade_scene.cpp   |   4 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/transition_flip_scene.cpp   |  21 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scale_scene.cpp  |  18 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scene.cpp        |   8 +-
 Extra2D/src/scene/transition_slide_scene.cpp  |  23 +-
 Extra2D/src/services/scene_service.cpp        |   4 +-
 README.md                                     |   2 +-
 docs/module_system.md                         |   8 +-
 examples/basic/main.cpp                       |   6 +-
 examples/hello_module/main.cpp                |   6 +-
 examples/image_display/main.cpp               |  18 +-
 examples/text_rendering/main.cpp              |  16 +-
 40 files changed, 749 insertions(+), 914 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h

diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/app/application.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/app/application.h
index 6412a13..14a710f 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/app/application.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/app/application.h
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 namespace extra2d {
 
 class GLFWWindow;
-class RenderBackend;
+class Renderer;
 class WindowModule;
 class RenderModule;
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ public:
    * @brief 获取渲染器
    * @return 渲染器指针
    */
-  RenderBackend *renderer();
+  Renderer *renderer();
 
   /**
    * @brief 进入场景
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/extra2d.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/extra2d.h
index 3b22b54..d86f7d0 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/extra2d.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/extra2d.h
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 // Graphics
 #include <extra2d/graphics/camera/camera.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/camera/viewport_adapter.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_module.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_target.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/memory/vram_manager.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/shader/shader_manager.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/texture/font.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/texture/texture.h>
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h
deleted file mode 100644
index eb9a1b2..0000000
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <extra2d/core/color.h>
-#include <extra2d/core/math_types.h>
-#include <extra2d/core/types.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/resources/pipeline.h>
-#include <glm/mat4x4.hpp>
-
-namespace extra2d {
-
-// 前向声明
-class GLFWWindow;
-class Texture;
-class FontAtlas;
-class Shader;
-
-// BlendMode 定义在 pipeline.h 中
-
-// ============================================================================
-// 渲染后端抽象接口
-// ============================================================================
-class RenderBackend {
-public:
-  virtual ~RenderBackend() = default;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 生命周期
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  virtual bool init(GLFWWindow* window) = 0;
-  virtual void shutdown() = 0;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 帧管理
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  virtual void beginFrame(const Color &clearColor) = 0;
-  virtual void endFrame() = 0;
-  virtual void setViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height) = 0;
-  virtual void setVSync(bool enabled) = 0;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 状态设置
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  virtual void setBlendMode(BlendMode mode) = 0;
-  virtual void setViewProjection(const glm::mat4 &matrix) = 0;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 变换矩阵栈
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  virtual void pushTransform(const glm::mat4 &transform) = 0;
-  virtual void popTransform() = 0;
-  virtual glm::mat4 getCurrentTransform() const = 0;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 纹理
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  virtual Ptr<Texture> createTexture(int width, int height,
-                                     const uint8_t *pixels, int channels) = 0;
-  virtual Ptr<Texture> loadTexture(const std::string &filepath) = 0;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 精灵批渲染
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  /**
-   * @brief 开始手动精灵批处理（高级用法）
-   * @note 一般情况下不需要调用，drawSprite/drawText 会自动管理批处理
-   */
-  virtual void beginSpriteBatch() = 0;
-  virtual void drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Rect &destRect,
-                          const Rect &srcRect, const Color &tint,
-                          float rotation, const Vec2 &anchor) = 0;
-  virtual void drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Vec2 &position,
-                          const Color &tint) = 0;
-  virtual void endSpriteBatch() = 0;
-
-  /**
-   * @brief 立即提交当前批处理
-   * @note 手动控制批处理提交时机，一般情况下不需要调用
-   */
-  virtual void flush() = 0;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 形状渲染
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  virtual void drawLine(const Vec2 &start, const Vec2 &end, const Color &color,
-                        float width = 1.0f) = 0;
-  virtual void drawRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color,
-                        float width = 1.0f) = 0;
-  virtual void fillRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color) = 0;
-  virtual void drawCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius, const Color &color,
-                          int segments = 32, float width = 1.0f) = 0;
-  virtual void fillCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius, const Color &color,
-                          int segments = 32) = 0;
-  virtual void drawTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
-                            const Color &color, float width = 1.0f) = 0;
-  virtual void fillTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
-                            const Color &color) = 0;
-  virtual void drawPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points, const Color &color,
-                           float width = 1.0f) = 0;
-  virtual void fillPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points,
-                           const Color &color) = 0;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 文字渲染
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  virtual Ptr<FontAtlas> createFontAtlas(const std::string &filepath,
-                                         int fontSize, bool useSDF = false) = 0;
-  virtual void drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text,
-                        const Vec2 &position, const Color &color) = 0;
-  virtual void drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text, float x,
-                        float y, const Color &color) = 0;
-
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  // 统计信息
-  // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  struct Stats {
-    uint32_t drawCalls = 0;
-    uint32_t triangleCount = 0;
-    uint32_t textureBinds = 0;
-    uint32_t shaderBinds = 0;
-  };
-  virtual Stats getStats() const = 0;
-  virtual void resetStats() = 0;
-};
-
-} // namespace extra2d
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/core/render_module.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/core/render_module.h
index 84cb08c..005916b 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/core/render_module.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/core/render_module.h
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <extra2d/core/module.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/platform/window_module.h>
 #include <functional>
 #include <typeindex>
@@ -12,67 +12,62 @@ namespace extra2d {
  * @brief 渲染模块配置结构
  */
 struct RenderCfg {
-    int targetFPS;
-    bool vsync;
-    int multisamples;
-    int priority;
+  int targetFPS;
+  bool vsync;
+  int multisamples;
+  int priority;
 
-    RenderCfg()
-        : targetFPS(60)
-        , vsync(true)
-        , multisamples(0)
-        , priority(10)
-    {}
+  RenderCfg() : targetFPS(60), vsync(true), multisamples(0), priority(10) {}
 };
 
 /**
  * @brief 渲染模块
- * 管理 OpenGL 渲染后端
+ * 管理 OpenGL 渲染器
  */
 class RenderModule : public Module {
 public:
-    /**
-     * @brief 构造函数（Lambda 配置）
-     * @param configFn 配置函数
-     */
-    explicit RenderModule(std::function<void(RenderCfg&)> configFn);
+  /**
+   * @brief 构造函数（Lambda 配置）
+   * @param configFn 配置函数
+   */
+  explicit RenderModule(std::function<void(RenderCfg &)> configFn);
 
-    /**
-     * @brief 析构函数
-     */
-    ~RenderModule() override;
+  /**
+   * @brief 析构函数
+   */
+  ~RenderModule() override;
 
-    bool init() override;
-    void shutdown() override;
-    bool ok() const override { return initialized_; }
-    const char* name() const override { return "render"; }
-    int priority() const override { return cfg_.priority; }
+  bool init() override;
+  void shutdown() override;
+  bool ok() const override { return initialized_; }
+  const char *name() const override { return "render"; }
+  int priority() const override { return cfg_.priority; }
 
-    /**
-     * @brief 获取依赖
-     * @return 依赖模块类型列表
-     */
-    std::vector<std::type_index> deps() const override {
-        return {std::type_index(typeid(WindowModule))};
-    }
+  /**
+   * @brief 获取依赖
+   * @return 依赖模块类型列表
+   */
+  std::vector<std::type_index> deps() const override {
+    return {std::type_index(typeid(WindowModule))};
+  }
 
-    /**
-     * @brief 是否允许并行初始化
-     * RenderModule 需要 OpenGL 上下文，必须在主线程初始化
-     * @return 不允许并行初始化返回 false
-     */
-    bool allowParallelInit() const override { return false; }
+  /**
+   * @brief 是否允许并行初始化
+   * RenderModule 需要 OpenGL 上下文，必须在主线程初始化
+   * @return 不允许并行初始化返回 false
+   */
+  bool allowParallelInit() const override { return false; }
 
-    /**
-     * @brief 获取渲染器
-     * @return 渲染后端指针
-     */
-    RenderBackend* renderer() const { return renderer_.get(); }
+  /**
+   * @brief 获取渲染器
+   * @return 渲染器指针
+   */
+  Renderer *renderer() const { return renderer_.get(); }
 
 private:
-    RenderCfg cfg_;
-    UniquePtr<RenderBackend> renderer_;
-    bool initialized_ = false;
+  RenderCfg cfg_;
+  UniquePtr<Renderer> renderer_;
+  bool initialized_ = false;
 };
 
 } // namespace extra2d
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h
index cfcf4ba..0d4fc9a 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h
@@ -1,132 +1,111 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
+#include <extra2d/core/color.h>
+#include <extra2d/core/math_types.h>
+#include <extra2d/core/types.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_buffer.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_framebuffer.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_pipeline.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_sprite_batch.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/resources/pipeline.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/shader/shader_interface.h>
 
-
 #include <array>
 #include <glad/glad.h>
+#include <glm/mat4x4.hpp>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace extra2d {
 
-// 前向声明
 class GLFWWindow;
 class GLContext;
 class GLFramebuffer;
+class FontAtlas;
 
-// ============================================================================
-// OpenGL 渲染器实现
-// ============================================================================
-class GLRenderer : public RenderBackend {
+/**
+ * @brief 渲染统计信息
+ */
+struct RenderStats {
+  uint32_t drawCalls = 0;
+  uint32_t triangleCount = 0;
+  uint32_t textureBinds = 0;
+  uint32_t shaderBinds = 0;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief OpenGL 渲染器实现
+ */
+class Renderer {
 public:
-  GLRenderer();
-  ~GLRenderer() override;
+  Renderer();
+  ~Renderer();
 
-  // RenderBackend 接口实现
-  bool init(GLFWWindow *window) override;
-  void shutdown() override;
+  bool init(GLFWWindow *window);
+  void shutdown();
 
-  void beginFrame(const Color &clearColor) override;
-  void endFrame() override;
-  void setViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height) override;
-  void setVSync(bool enabled) override;
+  void beginFrame(const Color &clearColor);
+  void endFrame();
+  void setViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height);
+  void setVSync(bool enabled);
 
-  void setBlendMode(BlendMode mode) override;
-  void setViewProjection(const glm::mat4 &matrix) override;
+  void setBlendMode(BlendMode mode);
+  void setViewProjection(const glm::mat4 &matrix);
 
-  // 变换矩阵栈
-  void pushTransform(const glm::mat4 &transform) override;
-  void popTransform() override;
-  glm::mat4 getCurrentTransform() const override;
+  void pushTransform(const glm::mat4 &transform);
+  void popTransform();
+  glm::mat4 getCurrentTransform() const;
 
   Ptr<Texture> createTexture(int width, int height, const uint8_t *pixels,
-                             int channels) override;
-  Ptr<Texture> loadTexture(const std::string &filepath) override;
+                             int channels);
+  Ptr<Texture> loadTexture(const std::string &filepath);
 
-  void beginSpriteBatch() override;
+  void beginSpriteBatch();
   void drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Rect &destRect,
                   const Rect &srcRect, const Color &tint, float rotation,
-                  const Vec2 &anchor) override;
+                  const Vec2 &anchor);
   void drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Vec2 &position,
-                  const Color &tint) override;
-  void endSpriteBatch() override;
-  void flush() override;
+                  const Color &tint);
+  void endSpriteBatch();
+  void flush();
 
   void drawLine(const Vec2 &start, const Vec2 &end, const Color &color,
-                float width) override;
-  void drawRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color, float width) override;
-  void fillRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color) override;
+                float width = 1.0f);
+  void drawRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color, float width = 1.0f);
+  void fillRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color);
   void drawCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius, const Color &color,
-                  int segments, float width) override;
+                  int segments = 32, float width = 1.0f);
   void fillCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius, const Color &color,
-                  int segments) override;
+                  int segments = 32);
   void drawTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
-                    const Color &color, float width) override;
+                    const Color &color, float width = 1.0f);
   void fillTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
-                    const Color &color) override;
+                    const Color &color);
   void drawPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points, const Color &color,
-                   float width) override;
-  void fillPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points,
-                   const Color &color) override;
+                   float width = 1.0f);
+  void fillPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points, const Color &color);
 
   Ptr<FontAtlas> createFontAtlas(const std::string &filepath, int fontSize,
-                                 bool useSDF = false) override;
+                                 bool useSDF = false);
   void drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text,
-                const Vec2 &position, const Color &color) override;
+                const Vec2 &position, const Color &color);
   void drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text, float x,
-                float y, const Color &color) override;
+                float y, const Color &color);
 
-  Stats getStats() const override { return stats_; }
-  void resetStats() override;
+  RenderStats getStats() const { return stats_; }
+  void resetStats();
 
-  // GLFramebuffer 相关方法
-
-  /**
-   * @brief 创建帧缓冲对象
-   * @param desc 帧缓冲描述
-   * @return 创建的帧缓冲智能指针
-   */
   Ptr<GLFramebuffer> createFramebuffer(const FramebufferDesc &desc);
-
-  /**
-   * @brief 绑定帧缓冲（作为渲染目标）
-   * @param framebuffer 帧缓冲对象指针，传入 nullptr 则绑定默认帧缓冲
-   */
   void bindFramebuffer(GLFramebuffer *framebuffer);
-
-  /**
-   * @brief 解绑帧缓冲（恢复到默认帧缓冲）
-   */
   void unbindFramebuffer();
-
-  /**
-   * @brief 获取默认帧缓冲
-   * @return 默认帧缓冲智能指针
-   */
   Ptr<GLFramebuffer> getDefaultFramebuffer() const;
-
-  /**
-   * @brief 清除当前绑定的帧缓冲
-   * @param color 清除颜色
-   * @param clearColor 是否清除颜色缓冲
-   * @param clearDepth 是否清除深度缓冲
-   * @param clearStencil 是否清除模板缓冲
-   */
   void clearFramebuffer(const Color &color, bool clearColor = true,
                         bool clearDepth = true, bool clearStencil = false);
 
 private:
-  // 形状批处理常量
   static constexpr size_t MAX_CIRCLE_SEGMENTS = 128;
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_SHAPE_VERTICES = 8192; // 最大形状顶点数
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_LINE_VERTICES = 16384; // 最大线条顶点数
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_SHAPE_VERTICES = 8192;
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_LINE_VERTICES = 16384;
 
-  // 形状顶点结构（包含颜色）
   struct ShapeVertex {
     float x, y;
     float r, g, b, a;
@@ -135,45 +114,40 @@ private:
   GLFWWindow *window_;
   GLSpriteBatch spriteBatch_;
   Ptr<IShader> shapeShader_;
-  Ptr<IShader> sdfFontShader_; // SDF字体专用着色器
+  Ptr<IShader> sdfFontShader_;
 
-  GLuint shapeVao_;      // 形状 VAO（手动管理，用于顶点属性配置）
-  GLBuffer shapeBuffer_; // 形状 VBO（使用 GLBuffer 管理）
-  GLuint lineVao_;       // 线条 VAO（手动管理，用于顶点属性配置）
-  GLBuffer lineBuffer_;  // 线条 VBO（使用 GLBuffer 管理）
+  GLuint shapeVao_;
+  GLBuffer shapeBuffer_;
+  GLuint lineVao_;
+  GLBuffer lineBuffer_;
 
   glm::mat4 viewProjection_;
   std::vector<glm::mat4> transformStack_;
-  Stats stats_;
+  RenderStats stats_;
   bool vsync_;
 
-  // 形状批处理缓冲区（预分配，避免每帧内存分配）
   std::array<ShapeVertex, MAX_SHAPE_VERTICES> shapeVertexCache_;
   size_t shapeVertexCount_ = 0;
   GLenum currentShapeMode_ = GL_TRIANGLES;
 
-  // 线条批处理缓冲区
   std::array<ShapeVertex, MAX_LINE_VERTICES> lineVertexCache_;
   size_t lineVertexCount_ = 0;
   float currentLineWidth_ = 1.0f;
 
-  // OpenGL 管线状态管理
   GLPipeline pipeline_;
 
-  // 自动批处理状态
-  bool batchActive_ = false;                        // 批处理是否激活
-  bool autoBatchEnabled_ = true;                    // 是否启用自动批处理
-  const Texture *currentBatchTexture_ = nullptr;    // 当前批处理的纹理
-  std::vector<SpriteData> pendingSprites_;          // 待提交的精灵
-  static constexpr size_t MAX_BATCH_SPRITES = 1000; // 最大批处理精灵数
+  bool batchActive_ = false;
+  bool autoBatchEnabled_ = true;
+  const Texture *currentBatchTexture_ = nullptr;
+  std::vector<SpriteData> pendingSprites_;
+  static constexpr size_t MAX_BATCH_SPRITES = 1000;
 
-  // 帧缓冲管理
-  mutable Ptr<GLFramebuffer> defaultFramebuffer_; // 默认帧缓冲（延迟创建）
-  GLFramebuffer *currentFramebuffer_ = nullptr;   // 当前绑定的帧缓冲
+  mutable Ptr<GLFramebuffer> defaultFramebuffer_;
+  GLFramebuffer *currentFramebuffer_ = nullptr;
 
   void initShapeRendering();
-  void ensureBatchActive();    // 确保批处理已激活
-  void submitPendingSprites(); // 提交待处理的精灵
+  void ensureBatchActive();
+  void submitPendingSprites();
   void flushShapeBatch();
   void flushLineBatch();
   void addShapeVertex(float x, float y, const Color &color);
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/texture/texture_pool.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/texture/texture_pool.h
index e2f9178..6f3f9f9 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/texture/texture_pool.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/graphics/texture/texture_pool.h
@@ -13,12 +13,10 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-
 namespace extra2d {
 
-// 前向声明
 class Scene;
-class RenderBackend;
+class Renderer;
 
 // ============================================================================
 // 纹理加载选项
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/node.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/node.h
index 45ec042..ec42d51 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/node.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/node.h
@@ -4,16 +4,15 @@
 #include <extra2d/core/math_types.h>
 #include <extra2d/core/types.h>
 #include <extra2d/event/event_dispatcher.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace extra2d {
 
-// 前向声明
 class Scene;
-class RenderBackend;
+class Renderer;
 struct RenderCommand;
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ public:
   virtual void onEnter();
   virtual void onExit();
   virtual void onUpdate(float dt);
-  virtual void onRender(RenderBackend &renderer);
+  virtual void onRender(Renderer &renderer);
   virtual void onAttachToScene(Scene *scene);
   virtual void onDetachFromScene();
 
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@ public:
   // 内部方法
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   void update(float dt);
-  void render(RenderBackend &renderer);
+  void render(Renderer &renderer);
   void sortChildren();
 
   bool isRunning() const { return running_; }
@@ -167,7 +166,7 @@ public:
 
 protected:
   // 子类重写
-  virtual void onDraw(RenderBackend &renderer) {}
+  virtual void onDraw(Renderer &renderer) {}
   virtual void onUpdateNode(float dt) {}
   virtual void generateRenderCommand(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
                                      int zOrder) {};
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene.h
index aad87cf..6a50bf0 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene.h
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ public:
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // 渲染和更新
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  void renderScene(RenderBackend &renderer);
-  virtual void renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer);
+  void renderScene(Renderer &renderer);
+  virtual void renderContent(Renderer &renderer);
   void updateScene(float dt);
   void collectRenderCommands(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
-                            int parentZOrder = 0) override;
+                             int parentZOrder = 0) override;
 
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // 静态创建方法
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene_manager.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene_manager.h
index fc8341b..bc35cc5 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene_manager.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/scene_manager.h
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ public:
   // 更新和渲染
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   void update(float dt);
-  void render(RenderBackend &renderer);
+  void render(Renderer &renderer);
   void collectRenderCommands(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands);
 
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -143,7 +143,8 @@ private:
    * @param inScene 目标场景
    * @return 过渡场景智能指针
    */
-  Ptr<TransitionScene> createTransitionScene(TransitionType type, float duration,
+  Ptr<TransitionScene> createTransitionScene(TransitionType type,
+                                             float duration,
                                              Ptr<Scene> inScene);
 
   /**
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/shape_node.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/shape_node.h
index e0af481..fa594fb 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/shape_node.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/shape_node.h
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ public:
   Rect getBounds() const override;
 
 protected:
-  void onDraw(RenderBackend &renderer) override;
+  void onDraw(Renderer &renderer) override;
   void generateRenderCommand(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
                              int zOrder) override;
 
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/sprite.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/sprite.h
index 37c48ea..550d256 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/sprite.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/sprite.h
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public:
   Rect getBounds() const override;
 
 protected:
-  void onDraw(RenderBackend &renderer) override;
+  void onDraw(Renderer &renderer) override;
   void generateRenderCommand(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
                              int zOrder) override;
 
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_box_scene.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_box_scene.h
index c48b481..a65c95a 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_box_scene.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_box_scene.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public:
 
 protected:
   void onTransitionStart() override;
-  void renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) override;
+  void renderContent(Renderer &renderer) override;
   void updateTransition(float dt) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_fade_scene.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_fade_scene.h
index 541bf26..0953024 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_fade_scene.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_fade_scene.h
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ protected:
    * @brief 渲染内容
    * 根据进度控制新旧场景的显示
    */
-  void renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) override;
+  void renderContent(Renderer &renderer) override;
 
 private:
   /**
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ private:
    */
   void hideOutShowIn();
 
-  Color maskColor_;           // 遮罩颜色
-  bool hasSwitched_ = false;  // 是否已经切换场景
+  Color maskColor_;          // 遮罩颜色
+  bool hasSwitched_ = false; // 是否已经切换场景
 };
 
 } // namespace extra2d
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_flip_scene.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_flip_scene.h
index 116529e..ba19a7e 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_flip_scene.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_flip_scene.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public:
 
 protected:
   void onTransitionStart() override;
-  void renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) override;
+  void renderContent(Renderer &renderer) override;
   void updateTransition(float dt) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_scale_scene.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_scale_scene.h
index 59628a7..bda95d1 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_scale_scene.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_scale_scene.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public:
 
 protected:
   void onTransitionStart() override;
-  void renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) override;
+  void renderContent(Renderer &renderer) override;
   void updateTransition(float dt) override;
 };
 
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_scene.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_scene.h
index 1e15e47..d384efc 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_scene.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_scene.h
@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@ public:
   /**
    * @brief 设置过渡完成回调
    */
-  void setFinishCallback(FinishCallback callback) { finishCallback_ = callback; }
+  void setFinishCallback(FinishCallback callback) {
+    finishCallback_ = callback;
+  }
 
   /**
    * @brief 获取过渡持续时间
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ public:
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // 渲染 - 在 TransitionScene 上渲染新旧两个子场景
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
-  void renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) override;
+  void renderContent(Renderer &renderer) override;
 
   // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
   // 生命周期
@@ -117,12 +119,12 @@ protected:
   /**
    * @brief 绘制源场景（旧场景）
    */
-  virtual void drawOutScene(RenderBackend &renderer);
+  virtual void drawOutScene(Renderer &renderer);
 
   /**
    * @brief 绘制目标场景（新场景）
    */
-  virtual void drawInScene(RenderBackend &renderer);
+  virtual void drawInScene(Renderer &renderer);
 
   /**
    * @brief 更新过渡进度（子类重写此方法更新动画）
@@ -136,11 +138,11 @@ protected:
   bool isFinished_ = false;
   bool isCancelled_ = false;
 
-  Ptr<Scene> inScene_;   // 要进入的场景
-  Ptr<Scene> outScene_;  // 要退出的场景
+  Ptr<Scene> inScene_;  // 要进入的场景
+  Ptr<Scene> outScene_; // 要退出的场景
 
   FinishCallback finishCallback_;
-  FinishCallback cancelCallback_;  // 取消回调
+  FinishCallback cancelCallback_; // 取消回调
 
   friend class SceneManager;
 };
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_slide_scene.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_slide_scene.h
index 7457c64..e848620 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_slide_scene.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/scene/transition_slide_scene.h
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ public:
 
 protected:
   void onTransitionStart() override;
-  void renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) override;
+  void renderContent(Renderer &renderer) override;
   void updateTransition(float dt) override;
 
 private:
diff --git a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/services/scene_service.h b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/services/scene_service.h
index 0f30608..bca3e7d 100644
--- a/Extra2D/include/extra2d/services/scene_service.h
+++ b/Extra2D/include/extra2d/services/scene_service.h
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <extra2d/core/service_interface.h>
 #include <extra2d/core/service_locator.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/scene_manager.h>
 
 namespace extra2d {
@@ -12,33 +13,34 @@ namespace extra2d {
  */
 class ISceneService : public IService {
 public:
-    virtual ~ISceneService() = default;
+  virtual ~ISceneService() = default;
 
-    virtual void runWithScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) = 0;
-    virtual void replaceScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) = 0;
-    virtual void pushScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) = 0;
-    virtual void popScene() = 0;
-    virtual void popToRootScene() = 0;
-    virtual void popToScene(const std::string& name) = 0;
+  virtual void runWithScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) = 0;
+  virtual void replaceScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) = 0;
+  virtual void pushScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) = 0;
+  virtual void popScene() = 0;
+  virtual void popToRootScene() = 0;
+  virtual void popToScene(const std::string &name) = 0;
 
-    virtual Ptr<Scene> getCurrentScene() const = 0;
-    virtual Ptr<Scene> getPreviousScene() const = 0;
-    virtual Ptr<Scene> getRootScene() const = 0;
-    virtual Ptr<Scene> getSceneByName(const std::string& name) const = 0;
+  virtual Ptr<Scene> getCurrentScene() const = 0;
+  virtual Ptr<Scene> getPreviousScene() const = 0;
+  virtual Ptr<Scene> getRootScene() const = 0;
+  virtual Ptr<Scene> getSceneByName(const std::string &name) const = 0;
 
-    virtual size_t getSceneCount() const = 0;
-    virtual bool isEmpty() const = 0;
-    virtual bool hasScene(const std::string& name) const = 0;
+  virtual size_t getSceneCount() const = 0;
+  virtual bool isEmpty() const = 0;
+  virtual bool hasScene(const std::string &name) const = 0;
 
-    virtual void render(RenderBackend& renderer) = 0;
-    virtual void collectRenderCommands(std::vector<RenderCommand>& commands) = 0;
+  virtual void render(Renderer &renderer) = 0;
+  virtual void collectRenderCommands(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands) = 0;
 
-    virtual bool isTransitioning() const = 0;
-    virtual void setTransitionCallback(SceneManager::TransitionCallback callback) = 0;
+  virtual bool isTransitioning() const = 0;
+  virtual void
+  setTransitionCallback(SceneManager::TransitionCallback callback) = 0;
 
-    virtual void end() = 0;
-    virtual void purgeCachedScenes() = 0;
-    virtual void enterScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) = 0;
+  virtual void end() = 0;
+  virtual void purgeCachedScenes() = 0;
+  virtual void enterScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) = 0;
 };
 
 /**
@@ -47,49 +49,50 @@ public:
  */
 class SceneService : public ISceneService {
 public:
-    SceneService();
-    ~SceneService() override = default;
+  SceneService();
+  ~SceneService() override = default;
 
-    ServiceInfo getServiceInfo() const override;
+  ServiceInfo getServiceInfo() const override;
 
-    bool initialize() override;
-    void shutdown() override;
-    void update(float deltaTime) override;
+  bool initialize() override;
+  void shutdown() override;
+  void update(float deltaTime) override;
 
-    void runWithScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) override;
-    void replaceScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) override;
-    void pushScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) override;
-    void popScene() override;
-    void popToRootScene() override;
-    void popToScene(const std::string& name) override;
+  void runWithScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) override;
+  void replaceScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) override;
+  void pushScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) override;
+  void popScene() override;
+  void popToRootScene() override;
+  void popToScene(const std::string &name) override;
 
-    Ptr<Scene> getCurrentScene() const override;
-    Ptr<Scene> getPreviousScene() const override;
-    Ptr<Scene> getRootScene() const override;
-    Ptr<Scene> getSceneByName(const std::string& name) const override;
+  Ptr<Scene> getCurrentScene() const override;
+  Ptr<Scene> getPreviousScene() const override;
+  Ptr<Scene> getRootScene() const override;
+  Ptr<Scene> getSceneByName(const std::string &name) const override;
 
-    size_t getSceneCount() const override;
-    bool isEmpty() const override;
-    bool hasScene(const std::string& name) const override;
+  size_t getSceneCount() const override;
+  bool isEmpty() const override;
+  bool hasScene(const std::string &name) const override;
 
-    void render(RenderBackend& renderer) override;
-    void collectRenderCommands(std::vector<RenderCommand>& commands) override;
+  void render(Renderer &renderer) override;
+  void collectRenderCommands(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands) override;
 
-    bool isTransitioning() const override;
-    void setTransitionCallback(SceneManager::TransitionCallback callback) override;
+  bool isTransitioning() const override;
+  void
+  setTransitionCallback(SceneManager::TransitionCallback callback) override;
 
-    void end() override;
-    void purgeCachedScenes() override;
-    void enterScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) override;
+  void end() override;
+  void purgeCachedScenes() override;
+  void enterScene(Ptr<Scene> scene) override;
 
-    SceneManager& getManager() { return manager_; }
-    const SceneManager& getManager() const { return manager_; }
+  SceneManager &getManager() { return manager_; }
+  const SceneManager &getManager() const { return manager_; }
 
 private:
-    SceneManager manager_;
+  SceneManager manager_;
 
-    // 服务注册元数据
-    E2D_AUTO_REGISTER_SERVICE(ISceneService, SceneService);
+  // 服务注册元数据
+  E2D_AUTO_REGISTER_SERVICE(ISceneService, SceneService);
 };
 
-} 
+} // namespace extra2d
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/app/application.cpp b/Extra2D/src/app/application.cpp
index 203beff..8552240 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/app/application.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/app/application.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include <extra2d/app/application.h>
 #include <extra2d/core/registry.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_module.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/memory/vram_manager.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/platform/glfw/glfw_window.h>
 #include <extra2d/platform/window_module.h>
 #include <extra2d/services/camera_service.h>
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
 #include <extra2d/services/scene_service.h>
 #include <extra2d/services/timer_service.h>
 
-
 namespace extra2d {
 
 static double getTimeSeconds() {
@@ -179,9 +178,7 @@ void Application::mainLoop() {
   }
 }
 
-void Application::update() {
-  ServiceLocator::instance().updateAll(deltaTime_);
-}
+void Application::update() { ServiceLocator::instance().updateAll(deltaTime_); }
 
 void Application::render() {
   auto *renderMod = get<RenderModule>();
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ GLFWWindow *Application::window() {
   return winMod ? winMod->win() : nullptr;
 }
 
-RenderBackend *Application::renderer() {
+Renderer *Application::renderer() {
   auto *renderMod = get<RenderModule>();
   return renderMod ? renderMod->renderer() : nullptr;
 }
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/graphics/core/render_module.cpp b/Extra2D/src/graphics/core/render_module.cpp
index 9a628fa..719a2ca 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/graphics/core/render_module.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/graphics/core/render_module.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ bool RenderModule::init() {
   }
 
   E2D_LOG_INFO("正在创建 OpenGL 渲染后端");
-  renderer_ = makeUnique<GLRenderer>();
+  renderer_ = makeUnique<Renderer>();
 
   if (!renderer_) {
     E2D_LOG_ERROR("创建渲染后端失败");
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.cpp b/Extra2D/src/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.cpp
index e5edef0..5bf2bec 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 #include <extra2d/services/logger_service.h>
 #include <vector>
 
-
 namespace extra2d {
 
 // VBO 初始大小（用于 VRAM 跟踪）
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ static constexpr size_t SHAPE_VBO_SIZE = 1024 * sizeof(float);
 /**
  * @brief 构造函数，初始化OpenGL渲染器成员变量
  */
-GLRenderer::GLRenderer()
+Renderer::Renderer()
     : window_(nullptr), shapeVao_(0), lineVao_(0), vsync_(true),
       shapeVertexCount_(0), currentShapeMode_(GL_TRIANGLES),
       lineVertexCount_(0), currentLineWidth_(1.0f) {
@@ -38,14 +37,14 @@ GLRenderer::GLRenderer()
 /**
  * @brief 析构函数，调用shutdown释放资源
  */
-GLRenderer::~GLRenderer() { shutdown(); }
+Renderer::~Renderer() { shutdown(); }
 
 /**
  * @brief 初始化OpenGL渲染器
  * @param window 窗口指针
  * @return 初始化成功返回true，失败返回false
  */
-bool GLRenderer::init(GLFWWindow *window) {
+bool Renderer::init(GLFWWindow *window) {
   window_ = window;
 
   // 初始化 OpenGL 上下文（Switch 平台已通过 SDL2 + EGL 初始化，GLContext
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ bool GLRenderer::init(GLFWWindow *window) {
 /**
  * @brief 关闭渲染器，释放所有GPU资源
  */
-void GLRenderer::shutdown() {
+void Renderer::shutdown() {
   // 标记 GPU 上下文为无效
   // 这会在销毁 OpenGL 上下文之前通知所有 GPU 资源
   GPUContext::get().markInvalid();
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ void GLRenderer::shutdown() {
  * @brief 开始新帧，清除颜色缓冲区并重置统计信息
  * @param clearColor 清屏颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::beginFrame(const Color &clearColor) {
+void Renderer::beginFrame(const Color &clearColor) {
   // 应用管线状态
   pipeline_.applyAllStates();
 
@@ -130,7 +129,7 @@ void GLRenderer::beginFrame(const Color &clearColor) {
 /**
  * @brief 结束当前帧，刷新所有待处理的渲染批次
  */
-void GLRenderer::endFrame() {
+void Renderer::endFrame() {
   // 刷新所有待处理的精灵批次（自动批处理）
   if (autoBatchEnabled_ && batchActive_) {
     flush();
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ void GLRenderer::endFrame() {
  * @param width 视口宽度
  * @param height 视口高度
  */
-void GLRenderer::setViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
+void Renderer::setViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
   // 使用 GLPipeline 管理视口状态
   pipeline_.setViewport(x, y, width, height);
 }
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ void GLRenderer::setViewport(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
  * @brief 设置垂直同步
  * @param enabled true启用垂直同步，false禁用
  */
-void GLRenderer::setVSync(bool enabled) {
+void Renderer::setVSync(bool enabled) {
   vsync_ = enabled;
   // 通过窗口接口设置垂直同步
   if (window_) {
@@ -169,7 +168,7 @@ void GLRenderer::setVSync(bool enabled) {
  * @brief 设置混合模式
  * @param mode 混合模式枚举值
  */
-void GLRenderer::setBlendMode(BlendMode mode) {
+void Renderer::setBlendMode(BlendMode mode) {
   // 使用 GLPipeline 管理混合状态
   pipeline_.setBlendMode(mode);
 }
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ void GLRenderer::setBlendMode(BlendMode mode) {
  * @brief 设置视图投影矩阵
  * @param matrix 4x4视图投影矩阵
  */
-void GLRenderer::setViewProjection(const glm::mat4 &matrix) {
+void Renderer::setViewProjection(const glm::mat4 &matrix) {
   viewProjection_ = matrix;
 }
 
@@ -186,7 +185,7 @@ void GLRenderer::setViewProjection(const glm::mat4 &matrix) {
  * @brief 压入变换矩阵到变换栈
  * @param transform 变换矩阵
  */
-void GLRenderer::pushTransform(const glm::mat4 &transform) {
+void Renderer::pushTransform(const glm::mat4 &transform) {
   if (transformStack_.empty()) {
     transformStack_.push_back(transform);
   } else {
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@ void GLRenderer::pushTransform(const glm::mat4 &transform) {
 /**
  * @brief 从变换栈弹出顶部变换矩阵
  */
-void GLRenderer::popTransform() {
+void Renderer::popTransform() {
   if (!transformStack_.empty()) {
     transformStack_.pop_back();
   }
@@ -207,7 +206,7 @@ void GLRenderer::popTransform() {
  * @brief 获取当前累积的变换矩阵
  * @return 当前变换矩阵，如果栈为空则返回单位矩阵
  */
-glm::mat4 GLRenderer::getCurrentTransform() const {
+glm::mat4 Renderer::getCurrentTransform() const {
   if (transformStack_.empty()) {
     return glm::mat4(1.0f);
   }
@@ -222,8 +221,8 @@ glm::mat4 GLRenderer::getCurrentTransform() const {
  * @param channels 颜色通道数
  * @return 创建的纹理智能指针
  */
-Ptr<Texture> GLRenderer::createTexture(int width, int height,
-                                       const uint8_t *pixels, int channels) {
+Ptr<Texture> Renderer::createTexture(int width, int height,
+                                     const uint8_t *pixels, int channels) {
   return makePtr<GLTexture>(width, height, pixels, channels);
 }
 
@@ -232,14 +231,14 @@ Ptr<Texture> GLRenderer::createTexture(int width, int height,
  * @param filepath 纹理文件路径
  * @return 加载的纹理智能指针
  */
-Ptr<Texture> GLRenderer::loadTexture(const std::string &filepath) {
+Ptr<Texture> Renderer::loadTexture(const std::string &filepath) {
   return makePtr<GLTexture>(filepath);
 }
 
 /**
  * @brief 确保批处理已激活（自动批处理内部使用）
  */
-void GLRenderer::ensureBatchActive() {
+void Renderer::ensureBatchActive() {
   if (!batchActive_) {
     spriteBatch_.begin(viewProjection_);
     batchActive_ = true;
@@ -251,7 +250,7 @@ void GLRenderer::ensureBatchActive() {
 /**
  * @brief 提交待处理的精灵（自动批处理内部使用）
  */
-void GLRenderer::submitPendingSprites() {
+void Renderer::submitPendingSprites() {
   if (pendingSprites_.empty()) {
     return;
   }
@@ -266,7 +265,7 @@ void GLRenderer::submitPendingSprites() {
  * @brief 开始手动精灵批处理（高级用法）
  * @note 一般情况下不需要调用，drawSprite/drawText 会自动管理批处理
  */
-void GLRenderer::beginSpriteBatch() {
+void Renderer::beginSpriteBatch() {
   // 如果自动批处理已激活，先提交
   if (autoBatchEnabled_ && batchActive_) {
     flush();
@@ -286,9 +285,9 @@ void GLRenderer::beginSpriteBatch() {
  * @param rotation 旋转角度（度）
  * @param anchor 锚点位置（0-1范围）
  */
-void GLRenderer::drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Rect &destRect,
-                            const Rect &srcRect, const Color &tint,
-                            float rotation, const Vec2 &anchor) {
+void Renderer::drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Rect &destRect,
+                          const Rect &srcRect, const Color &tint,
+                          float rotation, const Vec2 &anchor) {
   // 自动批处理模式
   if (autoBatchEnabled_) {
     ensureBatchActive();
@@ -356,8 +355,8 @@ void GLRenderer::drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Rect &destRect,
  * @param position 绘制位置
  * @param tint 着色颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Vec2 &position,
-                            const Color &tint) {
+void Renderer::drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Vec2 &position,
+                          const Color &tint) {
   Rect destRect(position.x, position.y, static_cast<float>(texture.getWidth()),
                 static_cast<float>(texture.getHeight()));
   Rect srcRect(0, 0, static_cast<float>(texture.getWidth()),
@@ -369,7 +368,7 @@ void GLRenderer::drawSprite(const Texture &texture, const Vec2 &position,
  * @brief 结束手动精灵批处理并提交绘制
  * @note 一般情况下不需要调用
  */
-void GLRenderer::endSpriteBatch() {
+void Renderer::endSpriteBatch() {
   if (autoBatchEnabled_) {
     // 自动模式下，只是标记批处理结束
     flush();
@@ -386,7 +385,7 @@ void GLRenderer::endSpriteBatch() {
  * @brief 立即提交当前批处理
  * @note 手动控制批处理提交时机，一般情况下不需要调用
  */
-void GLRenderer::flush() {
+void Renderer::flush() {
   if (autoBatchEnabled_ && batchActive_) {
     submitPendingSprites();
     spriteBatch_.end();
@@ -403,8 +402,8 @@ void GLRenderer::flush() {
  * @param color 线条颜色
  * @param width 线条宽度
  */
-void GLRenderer::drawLine(const Vec2 &start, const Vec2 &end,
-                          const Color &color, float width) {
+void Renderer::drawLine(const Vec2 &start, const Vec2 &end, const Color &color,
+                        float width) {
   // 如果线宽改变，需要先刷新线条批次
   if (width != currentLineWidth_) {
     flushLineBatch();
@@ -416,7 +415,7 @@ void GLRenderer::drawLine(const Vec2 &start, const Vec2 &end,
   addLineVertex(end.x, end.y, color);
 }
 
-void GLRenderer::drawRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color, float width) {
+void Renderer::drawRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color, float width) {
   // 如果线宽改变，需要先刷新线条批次
   if (width != currentLineWidth_) {
     flushLineBatch();
@@ -448,7 +447,7 @@ void GLRenderer::drawRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color, float width) {
  * @param rect 矩形区域
  * @param color 填充颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::fillRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color) {
+void Renderer::fillRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color) {
   // 提交当前批次（如果模式不同）
   submitShapeBatch(GL_TRIANGLES);
 
@@ -477,8 +476,8 @@ void GLRenderer::fillRect(const Rect &rect, const Color &color) {
  * @param segments 分段数
  * @param width 线条宽度
  */
-void GLRenderer::drawCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius,
-                            const Color &color, int segments, float width) {
+void Renderer::drawCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius, const Color &color,
+                          int segments, float width) {
   // 限制段数不超过缓存大小
   if (segments > static_cast<int>(MAX_CIRCLE_SEGMENTS)) {
     segments = static_cast<int>(MAX_CIRCLE_SEGMENTS);
@@ -511,8 +510,8 @@ void GLRenderer::drawCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius,
  * @param color 填充颜色
  * @param segments 分段数
  */
-void GLRenderer::fillCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius,
-                            const Color &color, int segments) {
+void Renderer::fillCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius, const Color &color,
+                          int segments) {
   // 限制段数不超过缓存大小
   if (segments > static_cast<int>(MAX_CIRCLE_SEGMENTS)) {
     segments = static_cast<int>(MAX_CIRCLE_SEGMENTS);
@@ -546,8 +545,8 @@ void GLRenderer::fillCircle(const Vec2 &center, float radius,
  * @param color 边框颜色
  * @param width 线条宽度
  */
-void GLRenderer::drawTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
-                              const Color &color, float width) {
+void Renderer::drawTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
+                            const Color &color, float width) {
   drawLine(p1, p2, color, width);
   drawLine(p2, p3, color, width);
   drawLine(p3, p1, color, width);
@@ -560,8 +559,8 @@ void GLRenderer::drawTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
  * @param p3 第三个顶点
  * @param color 填充颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::fillTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
-                              const Color &color) {
+void Renderer::fillTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
+                            const Color &color) {
   submitShapeBatch(GL_TRIANGLES);
 
   addShapeVertex(p1.x, p1.y, color);
@@ -575,8 +574,8 @@ void GLRenderer::fillTriangle(const Vec2 &p1, const Vec2 &p2, const Vec2 &p3,
  * @param color 边框颜色
  * @param width 线条宽度
  */
-void GLRenderer::drawPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points,
-                             const Color &color, float width) {
+void Renderer::drawPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points, const Color &color,
+                           float width) {
   if (points.size() < 2)
     return;
 
@@ -600,8 +599,8 @@ void GLRenderer::drawPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points,
  * @param points 顶点数组
  * @param color 填充颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::fillPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points,
-                             const Color &color) {
+void Renderer::fillPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points,
+                           const Color &color) {
   if (points.size() < 3)
     return;
 
@@ -623,8 +622,8 @@ void GLRenderer::fillPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points,
  * @param useSDF 是否使用SDF渲染
  * @return 创建的字体图集智能指针
  */
-Ptr<FontAtlas> GLRenderer::createFontAtlas(const std::string &filepath,
-                                           int fontSize, bool useSDF) {
+Ptr<FontAtlas> Renderer::createFontAtlas(const std::string &filepath,
+                                         int fontSize, bool useSDF) {
   return makePtr<GLFontAtlas>(filepath, fontSize, useSDF);
 }
 
@@ -635,8 +634,8 @@ Ptr<FontAtlas> GLRenderer::createFontAtlas(const std::string &filepath,
  * @param position 绘制位置
  * @param color 文本颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text,
-                          const Vec2 &position, const Color &color) {
+void Renderer::drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text,
+                        const Vec2 &position, const Color &color) {
   drawText(font, text, position.x, position.y, color);
 }
 
@@ -648,8 +647,8 @@ void GLRenderer::drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text,
  * @param y Y坐标
  * @param color 文本颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text,
-                          float x, float y, const Color &color) {
+void Renderer::drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text, float x,
+                        float y, const Color &color) {
   float cursorX = x;
   float cursorY = y;
   float baselineY = cursorY + font.getAscent();
@@ -789,12 +788,12 @@ void GLRenderer::drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text,
 /**
  * @brief 重置渲染统计信息
  */
-void GLRenderer::resetStats() { stats_ = Stats{}; }
+void Renderer::resetStats() { stats_ = RenderStats{}; }
 
 /**
  * @brief 初始化形状渲染所需的OpenGL资源（VAO、VBO、着色器）
  */
-void GLRenderer::initShapeRendering() {
+void Renderer::initShapeRendering() {
   // 从ShaderManager获取形状着色器
   shapeShader_ = ShaderManager::getInstance().getBuiltin("shape");
   if (!shapeShader_) {
@@ -871,7 +870,7 @@ void GLRenderer::initShapeRendering() {
  * @param y Y坐标
  * @param color 顶点颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::addShapeVertex(float x, float y, const Color &color) {
+void Renderer::addShapeVertex(float x, float y, const Color &color) {
   if (shapeVertexCount_ >= MAX_SHAPE_VERTICES) {
     flushShapeBatch();
   }
@@ -896,7 +895,7 @@ void GLRenderer::addShapeVertex(float x, float y, const Color &color) {
  * @param y Y坐标
  * @param color 顶点颜色
  */
-void GLRenderer::addLineVertex(float x, float y, const Color &color) {
+void Renderer::addLineVertex(float x, float y, const Color &color) {
   if (lineVertexCount_ >= MAX_LINE_VERTICES) {
     flushLineBatch();
   }
@@ -919,7 +918,7 @@ void GLRenderer::addLineVertex(float x, float y, const Color &color) {
  * @brief 提交形状批次（如果需要切换绘制模式）
  * @param mode OpenGL绘制模式
  */
-void GLRenderer::submitShapeBatch(GLenum mode) {
+void Renderer::submitShapeBatch(GLenum mode) {
   if (shapeVertexCount_ == 0)
     return;
 
@@ -933,7 +932,7 @@ void GLRenderer::submitShapeBatch(GLenum mode) {
 /**
  * @brief 刷新形状批次，执行实际的OpenGL绘制调用
  */
-void GLRenderer::flushShapeBatch() {
+void Renderer::flushShapeBatch() {
   if (shapeVertexCount_ == 0)
     return;
 
@@ -966,7 +965,7 @@ void GLRenderer::flushShapeBatch() {
 /**
  * @brief 刷新线条批次，执行实际的OpenGL绘制调用
  */
-void GLRenderer::flushLineBatch() {
+void Renderer::flushLineBatch() {
   if (lineVertexCount_ == 0)
     return;
 
@@ -1004,7 +1003,7 @@ void GLRenderer::flushLineBatch() {
  * @param desc 帧缓冲描述
  * @return 创建的帧缓冲智能指针
  */
-Ptr<GLFramebuffer> GLRenderer::createFramebuffer(const FramebufferDesc &desc) {
+Ptr<GLFramebuffer> Renderer::createFramebuffer(const FramebufferDesc &desc) {
   auto framebuffer = makePtr<GLFramebuffer>();
   if (!framebuffer->init(desc)) {
     E2D_LOG_ERROR("创建帧缓冲区失败");
@@ -1017,7 +1016,7 @@ Ptr<GLFramebuffer> GLRenderer::createFramebuffer(const FramebufferDesc &desc) {
  * @brief 绑定帧缓冲（作为渲染目标）
  * @param framebuffer 帧缓冲对象指针，传入 nullptr 则绑定默认帧缓冲
  */
-void GLRenderer::bindFramebuffer(GLFramebuffer *framebuffer) {
+void Renderer::bindFramebuffer(GLFramebuffer *framebuffer) {
   // 先刷新所有待处理的渲染批次
   flush();
   flushShapeBatch();
@@ -1039,13 +1038,13 @@ void GLRenderer::bindFramebuffer(GLFramebuffer *framebuffer) {
 /**
  * @brief 解绑帧缓冲（恢复到默认帧缓冲）
  */
-void GLRenderer::unbindFramebuffer() { bindFramebuffer(nullptr); }
+void Renderer::unbindFramebuffer() { bindFramebuffer(nullptr); }
 
 /**
  * @brief 获取默认帧缓冲
  * @return 默认帧缓冲智能指针
  */
-Ptr<GLFramebuffer> GLRenderer::getDefaultFramebuffer() const {
+Ptr<GLFramebuffer> Renderer::getDefaultFramebuffer() const {
   if (!defaultFramebuffer_) {
     // 延迟创建默认帧缓冲对象（代表系统默认帧缓冲，ID 为 0）
     defaultFramebuffer_ = makePtr<GLFramebuffer>();
@@ -1061,8 +1060,8 @@ Ptr<GLFramebuffer> GLRenderer::getDefaultFramebuffer() const {
  * @param clearDepth 是否清除深度缓冲
  * @param clearStencil 是否清除模板缓冲
  */
-void GLRenderer::clearFramebuffer(const Color &color, bool clearColor,
-                                  bool clearDepth, bool clearStencil) {
+void Renderer::clearFramebuffer(const Color &color, bool clearColor,
+                                bool clearDepth, bool clearStencil) {
   GLbitfield mask = 0;
 
   if (clearColor) {
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/graphics/texture/texture_pool.cpp b/Extra2D/src/graphics/texture/texture_pool.cpp
index d56a8df..2f6f2f5 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/graphics/texture/texture_pool.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/graphics/texture/texture_pool.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/texture/texture_pool.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/scene.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -17,13 +17,8 @@ namespace extra2d {
  * 创建一个未初始化的纹理池
  */
 TexturePool::TexturePool()
-    : scene_(nullptr)
-    , maxMemoryUsage_(0)
-    , currentMemoryUsage_(0)
-    , cacheHits_(0)
-    , cacheMisses_(0)
-    , evictionCount_(0) {
-}
+    : scene_(nullptr), maxMemoryUsage_(0), currentMemoryUsage_(0),
+      cacheHits_(0), cacheMisses_(0), evictionCount_(0) {}
 
 /**
  * @brief 构造函数
@@ -32,14 +27,10 @@ TexturePool::TexturePool()
  *
  * 创建一个指定场景和内存限制的纹理池
  */
-TexturePool::TexturePool(Scene* scene, size_t maxMemoryUsage)
-    : scene_(scene)
-    , maxMemoryUsage_(maxMemoryUsage)
-    , currentMemoryUsage_(0)
-    , cacheHits_(0)
-    , cacheMisses_(0)
-    , evictionCount_(0) {
-    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool 已创建，最大内存: {} 字节", maxMemoryUsage);
+TexturePool::TexturePool(Scene *scene, size_t maxMemoryUsage)
+    : scene_(scene), maxMemoryUsage_(maxMemoryUsage), currentMemoryUsage_(0),
+      cacheHits_(0), cacheMisses_(0), evictionCount_(0) {
+  E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool 已创建，最大内存: {} 字节", maxMemoryUsage);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -49,10 +40,10 @@ TexturePool::TexturePool(Scene* scene, size_t maxMemoryUsage)
  *
  * 设置纹理池的场景和内存限制
  */
-void TexturePool::init(Scene* scene, size_t maxMemoryUsage) {
-    scene_ = scene;
-    maxMemoryUsage_ = maxMemoryUsage;
-    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool 已初始化，最大内存: {} 字节", maxMemoryUsage);
+void TexturePool::init(Scene *scene, size_t maxMemoryUsage) {
+  scene_ = scene;
+  maxMemoryUsage_ = maxMemoryUsage;
+  E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool 已初始化，最大内存: {} 字节", maxMemoryUsage);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -61,8 +52,8 @@ void TexturePool::init(Scene* scene, size_t maxMemoryUsage) {
  * 清理纹理池并释放所有资源
  */
 TexturePool::~TexturePool() {
-    clear();
-    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool 已销毁");
+  clear();
+  E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool 已销毁");
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -77,8 +68,9 @@ TexturePool::~TexturePool() {
  *
  * 加载完整纹理文件到纹理池
  */
-TextureRef TexturePool::load(const std::string& path, const TextureLoadOptions& options) {
-    return load(path, Rect::Zero(), options);
+TextureRef TexturePool::load(const std::string &path,
+                             const TextureLoadOptions &options) {
+  return load(path, Rect::Zero(), options);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -90,75 +82,76 @@ TextureRef TexturePool::load(const std::string& path, const TextureLoadOptions&
  *
  * 加载纹理文件的指定区域到纹理池
  */
-TextureRef TexturePool::load(const std::string& path, const Rect& region,
-                              const TextureLoadOptions& options) {
-    TextureKey key(path, region);
+TextureRef TexturePool::load(const std::string &path, const Rect &region,
+                             const TextureLoadOptions &options) {
+  TextureKey key(path, region);
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    // 检查缓存
-    auto it = cache_.find(key);
-    if (it != cache_.end()) {
-        // 缓存命中
-        it->second.touch();
-        it->second.refCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        cacheHits_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  // 检查缓存
+  auto it = cache_.find(key);
+  if (it != cache_.end()) {
+    // 缓存命中
+    it->second.touch();
+    it->second.refCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    cacheHits_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
-        E2D_LOG_DEBUG("纹理缓存命中: {}", path);
-        return TextureRef(it->second.texture, &it->second, &mutex_);
-    }
+    E2D_LOG_DEBUG("纹理缓存命中: {}", path);
+    return TextureRef(it->second.texture, &it->second, &mutex_);
+  }
 
-    // 缓存未命中
-    cacheMisses_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  // 缓存未命中
+  cacheMisses_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
-    // 获取渲染后端
-    RenderBackend* backend = nullptr;
-    if (scene_) {
-        // 假设 Scene 有获取 RenderBackend 的方法
-        // 这里需要根据实际接口调整
-        backend = nullptr;  // TODO: 从 Scene 获取 RenderBackend
-    }
-
-    if (!backend) {
-        E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 渲染后端不可用");
-        return TextureRef();
-    }
-
-    // 加载纹理
-    Ptr<Texture> texture = backend->loadTexture(path);
-    if (!texture) {
-        E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 加载纹理失败: {}", path);
-        return TextureRef();
-    }
-
-    // 计算内存大小
-    size_t memorySize = calculateTextureMemory(texture.get());
-
-    // 检查内存限制
-    if (maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
-        // 尝试淘汰
-        evictLRU(currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize - maxMemoryUsage_);
-
-        // 再次检查
-        if (currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
-            E2D_LOG_WARN("TexturePool: 内存限制超出，无法加载纹理: {}", path);
-            return TextureRef();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 创建缓存条目
-    auto result = cache_.emplace(key, TexturePoolEntry(nullptr, key, 0));
-    if (result.second) {
-        result.first->second.texture = texture;
-        result.first->second.memorySize = memorySize;
-        result.first->second.refCount.store(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        result.first->second.touch();
-        currentMemoryUsage_ += memorySize;
-        E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 已加载纹理: {} ({} 字节)", path, memorySize);
-        return TextureRef(texture, &result.first->second, &mutex_);
-    }
+  // 获取渲染后端
+  Renderer *backend = nullptr;
+  if (scene_) {
+    // 假设 Scene 有获取 Renderer 的方法
+    // 这里需要根据实际接口调整
+    backend = nullptr; // TODO: 从 Scene 获取 Renderer
+  }
 
+  if (!backend) {
+    E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 渲染后端不可用");
     return TextureRef();
+  }
+
+  // 加载纹理
+  Ptr<Texture> texture = backend->loadTexture(path);
+  if (!texture) {
+    E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 加载纹理失败: {}", path);
+    return TextureRef();
+  }
+
+  // 计算内存大小
+  size_t memorySize = calculateTextureMemory(texture.get());
+
+  // 检查内存限制
+  if (maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 &&
+      currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
+    // 尝试淘汰
+    evictLRU(currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize - maxMemoryUsage_);
+
+    // 再次检查
+    if (currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
+      E2D_LOG_WARN("TexturePool: 内存限制超出，无法加载纹理: {}", path);
+      return TextureRef();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 创建缓存条目
+  auto result = cache_.emplace(key, TexturePoolEntry(nullptr, key, 0));
+  if (result.second) {
+    result.first->second.texture = texture;
+    result.first->second.memorySize = memorySize;
+    result.first->second.refCount.store(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    result.first->second.touch();
+    currentMemoryUsage_ += memorySize;
+    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 已加载纹理: {} ({} 字节)", path, memorySize);
+    return TextureRef(texture, &result.first->second, &mutex_);
+  }
+
+  return TextureRef();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -172,67 +165,70 @@ TextureRef TexturePool::load(const std::string& path, const Rect& region,
  *
  * 从内存中的像素数据创建纹理并加入纹理池
  */
-TextureRef TexturePool::loadFromMemory(const uint8_t* data, int width, int height,
-                                        int channels, const std::string& key) {
-    TextureKey textureKey(key);
+TextureRef TexturePool::loadFromMemory(const uint8_t *data, int width,
+                                       int height, int channels,
+                                       const std::string &key) {
+  TextureKey textureKey(key);
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    // 检查缓存
-    auto it = cache_.find(textureKey);
-    if (it != cache_.end()) {
-        it->second.touch();
-        it->second.refCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        cacheHits_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        return TextureRef(it->second.texture, &it->second, &mutex_);
-    }
+  // 检查缓存
+  auto it = cache_.find(textureKey);
+  if (it != cache_.end()) {
+    it->second.touch();
+    it->second.refCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    cacheHits_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return TextureRef(it->second.texture, &it->second, &mutex_);
+  }
 
-    cacheMisses_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  cacheMisses_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
-    // 获取渲染后端
-    RenderBackend* backend = nullptr;
-    if (scene_) {
-        backend = nullptr;  // TODO: 从 Scene 获取 RenderBackend
-    }
-
-    if (!backend) {
-        E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 渲染后端不可用");
-        return TextureRef();
-    }
-
-    // 创建纹理
-    Ptr<Texture> texture = backend->createTexture(width, height, data, channels);
-    if (!texture) {
-        E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 从内存创建纹理失败");
-        return TextureRef();
-    }
-
-    // 计算内存大小
-    size_t memorySize = calculateTextureMemory(texture.get());
-
-    // 检查内存限制
-    if (maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
-        evictLRU(currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize - maxMemoryUsage_);
-
-        if (currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
-            E2D_LOG_WARN("TexturePool: 内存限制超出");
-            return TextureRef();
-        }
-    }
-
-    // 创建缓存条目
-    auto result = cache_.emplace(textureKey, TexturePoolEntry(nullptr, textureKey, 0));
-    if (result.second) {
-        result.first->second.texture = texture;
-        result.first->second.memorySize = memorySize;
-        result.first->second.refCount.store(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        result.first->second.touch();
-        currentMemoryUsage_ += memorySize;
-        E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 已从内存创建纹理 ({} 字节)", memorySize);
-        return TextureRef(texture, &result.first->second, &mutex_);
-    }
+  // 获取渲染后端
+  Renderer *backend = nullptr;
+  if (scene_) {
+    backend = nullptr; // TODO: 从 Scene 获取 Renderer
+  }
 
+  if (!backend) {
+    E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 渲染后端不可用");
     return TextureRef();
+  }
+
+  // 创建纹理
+  Ptr<Texture> texture = backend->createTexture(width, height, data, channels);
+  if (!texture) {
+    E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 从内存创建纹理失败");
+    return TextureRef();
+  }
+
+  // 计算内存大小
+  size_t memorySize = calculateTextureMemory(texture.get());
+
+  // 检查内存限制
+  if (maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 &&
+      currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
+    evictLRU(currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize - maxMemoryUsage_);
+
+    if (currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
+      E2D_LOG_WARN("TexturePool: 内存限制超出");
+      return TextureRef();
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 创建缓存条目
+  auto result =
+      cache_.emplace(textureKey, TexturePoolEntry(nullptr, textureKey, 0));
+  if (result.second) {
+    result.first->second.texture = texture;
+    result.first->second.memorySize = memorySize;
+    result.first->second.refCount.store(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    result.first->second.touch();
+    currentMemoryUsage_ += memorySize;
+    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 已从内存创建纹理 ({} 字节)", memorySize);
+    return TextureRef(texture, &result.first->second, &mutex_);
+  }
+
+  return TextureRef();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -243,8 +239,9 @@ TextureRef TexturePool::loadFromMemory(const uint8_t* data, int width, int heigh
  *
  * 如果纹理已缓存则返回缓存，否则加载纹理
  */
-TextureRef TexturePool::getOrLoad(const std::string& path, const TextureLoadOptions& options) {
-    return getOrLoad(path, Rect::Zero(), options);
+TextureRef TexturePool::getOrLoad(const std::string &path,
+                                  const TextureLoadOptions &options) {
+  return getOrLoad(path, Rect::Zero(), options);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -256,65 +253,66 @@ TextureRef TexturePool::getOrLoad(const std::string& path, const TextureLoadOpti
  *
  * 如果纹理区域已缓存则返回缓存，否则加载纹理区域
  */
-TextureRef TexturePool::getOrLoad(const std::string& path, const Rect& region,
-                                   const TextureLoadOptions& options) {
-    TextureKey key(path, region);
+TextureRef TexturePool::getOrLoad(const std::string &path, const Rect &region,
+                                  const TextureLoadOptions &options) {
+  TextureKey key(path, region);
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    // 检查缓存
-    auto it = cache_.find(key);
-    if (it != cache_.end()) {
-        it->second.touch();
-        it->second.refCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        cacheHits_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        return TextureRef(it->second.texture, &it->second, &mutex_);
-    }
+  // 检查缓存
+  auto it = cache_.find(key);
+  if (it != cache_.end()) {
+    it->second.touch();
+    it->second.refCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    cacheHits_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return TextureRef(it->second.texture, &it->second, &mutex_);
+  }
 
-    // 释放锁后调用 load
-    // 注意：这里需要重新设计以避免死锁
-    // 简化处理：直接在这里加载
+  // 释放锁后调用 load
+  // 注意：这里需要重新设计以避免死锁
+  // 简化处理：直接在这里加载
 
-    cacheMisses_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  cacheMisses_.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
-    RenderBackend* backend = nullptr;
-    if (scene_) {
-        backend = nullptr;  // TODO: 从 Scene 获取 RenderBackend
-    }
-
-    if (!backend) {
-        E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 渲染后端不可用");
-        return TextureRef();
-    }
-
-    Ptr<Texture> texture = backend->loadTexture(path);
-    if (!texture) {
-        E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 加载纹理失败: {}", path);
-        return TextureRef();
-    }
-
-    size_t memorySize = calculateTextureMemory(texture.get());
-
-    if (maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
-        evictLRU(currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize - maxMemoryUsage_);
-
-        if (currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
-            E2D_LOG_WARN("TexturePool: 内存限制超出");
-            return TextureRef();
-        }
-    }
-
-    auto result = cache_.emplace(key, TexturePoolEntry(nullptr, key, 0));
-    if (result.second) {
-        result.first->second.texture = texture;
-        result.first->second.memorySize = memorySize;
-        result.first->second.refCount.store(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        result.first->second.touch();
-        currentMemoryUsage_ += memorySize;
-        return TextureRef(texture, &result.first->second, &mutex_);
-    }
+  Renderer *backend = nullptr;
+  if (scene_) {
+    backend = nullptr; // TODO: 从 Scene 获取 Renderer
+  }
 
+  if (!backend) {
+    E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 渲染后端不可用");
     return TextureRef();
+  }
+
+  Ptr<Texture> texture = backend->loadTexture(path);
+  if (!texture) {
+    E2D_LOG_ERROR("TexturePool: 加载纹理失败: {}", path);
+    return TextureRef();
+  }
+
+  size_t memorySize = calculateTextureMemory(texture.get());
+
+  if (maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 &&
+      currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
+    evictLRU(currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize - maxMemoryUsage_);
+
+    if (currentMemoryUsage_ + memorySize > maxMemoryUsage_) {
+      E2D_LOG_WARN("TexturePool: 内存限制超出");
+      return TextureRef();
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto result = cache_.emplace(key, TexturePoolEntry(nullptr, key, 0));
+  if (result.second) {
+    result.first->second.texture = texture;
+    result.first->second.memorySize = memorySize;
+    result.first->second.refCount.store(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    result.first->second.touch();
+    currentMemoryUsage_ += memorySize;
+    return TextureRef(texture, &result.first->second, &mutex_);
+  }
+
+  return TextureRef();
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -328,16 +326,16 @@ TextureRef TexturePool::getOrLoad(const std::string& path, const Rect& region,
  *
  * 增加指定纹理的引用计数
  */
-bool TexturePool::addRef(const TextureKey& key) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+bool TexturePool::addRef(const TextureKey &key) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    auto it = cache_.find(key);
-    if (it != cache_.end()) {
-        it->second.touch();
-        it->second.refCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
+  auto it = cache_.find(key);
+  if (it != cache_.end()) {
+    it->second.touch();
+    it->second.refCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -347,15 +345,16 @@ bool TexturePool::addRef(const TextureKey& key) {
  *
  * 减少指定纹理的引用计数并返回新值
  */
-uint32_t TexturePool::release(const TextureKey& key) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+uint32_t TexturePool::release(const TextureKey &key) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    auto it = cache_.find(key);
-    if (it != cache_.end()) {
-        uint32_t count = it->second.refCount.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        return count > 0 ? count - 1 : 0;
-    }
-    return 0;
+  auto it = cache_.find(key);
+  if (it != cache_.end()) {
+    uint32_t count =
+        it->second.refCount.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return count > 0 ? count - 1 : 0;
+  }
+  return 0;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -365,14 +364,14 @@ uint32_t TexturePool::release(const TextureKey& key) {
  *
  * 获取指定纹理的当前引用计数
  */
-uint32_t TexturePool::getRefCount(const TextureKey& key) const {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+uint32_t TexturePool::getRefCount(const TextureKey &key) const {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    auto it = cache_.find(key);
-    if (it != cache_.end()) {
-        return it->second.refCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-    return 0;
+  auto it = cache_.find(key);
+  if (it != cache_.end()) {
+    return it->second.refCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  }
+  return 0;
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -386,9 +385,9 @@ uint32_t TexturePool::getRefCount(const TextureKey& key) const {
  *
  * 检查指定纹理是否存在于缓存中
  */
-bool TexturePool::isCached(const TextureKey& key) const {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-    return cache_.find(key) != cache_.end();
+bool TexturePool::isCached(const TextureKey &key) const {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  return cache_.find(key) != cache_.end();
 }
 
 /**
@@ -398,17 +397,17 @@ bool TexturePool::isCached(const TextureKey& key) const {
  *
  * 从缓存中移除指定的纹理
  */
-bool TexturePool::removeFromCache(const TextureKey& key) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+bool TexturePool::removeFromCache(const TextureKey &key) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    auto it = cache_.find(key);
-    if (it != cache_.end()) {
-        currentMemoryUsage_ -= it->second.memorySize;
-        cache_.erase(it);
-        E2D_LOG_DEBUG("TexturePool: 已从缓存移除纹理");
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
+  auto it = cache_.find(key);
+  if (it != cache_.end()) {
+    currentMemoryUsage_ -= it->second.memorySize;
+    cache_.erase(it);
+    E2D_LOG_DEBUG("TexturePool: 已从缓存移除纹理");
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -418,24 +417,24 @@ bool TexturePool::removeFromCache(const TextureKey& key) {
  * 清理所有引用计数为0的纹理，释放内存
  */
 size_t TexturePool::collectGarbage() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    size_t removed = 0;
-    for (auto it = cache_.begin(); it != cache_.end(); ) {
-        if (it->second.refCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            currentMemoryUsage_ -= it->second.memorySize;
-            it = cache_.erase(it);
-            ++removed;
-        } else {
-            ++it;
-        }
+  size_t removed = 0;
+  for (auto it = cache_.begin(); it != cache_.end();) {
+    if (it->second.refCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
+      currentMemoryUsage_ -= it->second.memorySize;
+      it = cache_.erase(it);
+      ++removed;
+    } else {
+      ++it;
     }
+  }
 
-    if (removed > 0) {
-        E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 垃圾回收 {} 个纹理", removed);
-    }
+  if (removed > 0) {
+    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 垃圾回收 {} 个纹理", removed);
+  }
 
-    return removed;
+  return removed;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -444,12 +443,12 @@ size_t TexturePool::collectGarbage() {
  * 移除纹理池中的所有纹理
  */
 void TexturePool::clear() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    cache_.clear();
-    currentMemoryUsage_ = 0;
+  cache_.clear();
+  currentMemoryUsage_ = 0;
 
-    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 已清除所有纹理");
+  E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 已清除所有纹理");
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -463,8 +462,8 @@ void TexturePool::clear() {
  * 返回纹理池当前的内存使用量
  */
 size_t TexturePool::getMemoryUsage() const {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-    return currentMemoryUsage_;
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  return currentMemoryUsage_;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -474,15 +473,15 @@ size_t TexturePool::getMemoryUsage() const {
  * 设置纹理池的内存上限，如果当前使用量超过新上限则执行淘汰
  */
 void TexturePool::setMaxMemoryUsage(size_t maxMemory) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-    maxMemoryUsage_ = maxMemory;
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  maxMemoryUsage_ = maxMemory;
 
-    // 如果当前内存超过新的限制，执行淘汰
-    if (maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ > maxMemoryUsage_) {
-        evictLRU(maxMemoryUsage_);
-    }
+  // 如果当前内存超过新的限制，执行淘汰
+  if (maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ > maxMemoryUsage_) {
+    evictLRU(maxMemoryUsage_);
+  }
 
-    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 最大内存设置为 {} 字节", maxMemory);
+  E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: 最大内存设置为 {} 字节", maxMemory);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -493,49 +492,49 @@ void TexturePool::setMaxMemoryUsage(size_t maxMemory) {
  * 根据LRU算法淘汰最少使用的纹理以达到目标内存使用量
  */
 size_t TexturePool::evictLRU(size_t targetMemory) {
-    // 注意：调用者应该已持有锁
+  // 注意：调用者应该已持有锁
 
-    if (cache_.empty()) {
-        return 0;
+  if (cache_.empty()) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // 收集所有条目并按最后访问时间排序
+  std::vector<std::pair<TextureKey, uint64_t>> entries;
+  entries.reserve(cache_.size());
+
+  for (const auto &pair : cache_) {
+    // 只淘汰引用计数为 0 的纹理
+    if (pair.second.refCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
+      entries.emplace_back(pair.first, pair.second.lastAccessTime);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // 按访问时间升序排序（最旧的在前）
+  std::sort(entries.begin(), entries.end(),
+            [](const auto &a, const auto &b) { return a.second < b.second; });
+
+  size_t evicted = 0;
+  size_t target = targetMemory > 0 ? targetMemory : 0;
+
+  for (const auto &entry : entries) {
+    if (targetMemory > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ <= target) {
+      break;
     }
 
-    // 收集所有条目并按最后访问时间排序
-    std::vector<std::pair<TextureKey, uint64_t>> entries;
-    entries.reserve(cache_.size());
-
-    for (const auto& pair : cache_) {
-        // 只淘汰引用计数为 0 的纹理
-        if (pair.second.refCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed) == 0) {
-            entries.emplace_back(pair.first, pair.second.lastAccessTime);
-        }
+    auto it = cache_.find(entry.first);
+    if (it != cache_.end()) {
+      currentMemoryUsage_ -= it->second.memorySize;
+      cache_.erase(it);
+      ++evicted;
     }
+  }
 
-    // 按访问时间升序排序（最旧的在前）
-    std::sort(entries.begin(), entries.end(),
-              [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a.second < b.second; });
+  if (evicted > 0) {
+    evictionCount_.fetch_add(evicted, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: LRU 淘汰 {} 个纹理", evicted);
+  }
 
-    size_t evicted = 0;
-    size_t target = targetMemory > 0 ? targetMemory : 0;
-
-    for (const auto& entry : entries) {
-        if (targetMemory > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ <= target) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        auto it = cache_.find(entry.first);
-        if (it != cache_.end()) {
-            currentMemoryUsage_ -= it->second.memorySize;
-            cache_.erase(it);
-            ++evicted;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (evicted > 0) {
-        evictionCount_.fetch_add(evicted, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        E2D_LOG_INFO("TexturePool: LRU 淘汰 {} 个纹理", evicted);
-    }
-
-    return evicted;
+  return evicted;
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -549,17 +548,17 @@ size_t TexturePool::evictLRU(size_t targetMemory) {
  * 返回纹理池的统计信息，包括纹理数量、内存使用、缓存命中率等
  */
 TexturePool::Stats TexturePool::getStats() const {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
 
-    Stats stats;
-    stats.textureCount = cache_.size();
-    stats.memoryUsage = currentMemoryUsage_;
-    stats.maxMemoryUsage = maxMemoryUsage_;
-    stats.cacheHits = cacheHits_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    stats.cacheMisses = cacheMisses_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    stats.evictionCount = evictionCount_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  Stats stats;
+  stats.textureCount = cache_.size();
+  stats.memoryUsage = currentMemoryUsage_;
+  stats.maxMemoryUsage = maxMemoryUsage_;
+  stats.cacheHits = cacheHits_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  stats.cacheMisses = cacheMisses_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  stats.evictionCount = evictionCount_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
 
-    return stats;
+  return stats;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -568,9 +567,9 @@ TexturePool::Stats TexturePool::getStats() const {
  * 清零缓存命中、未命中和淘汰计数
  */
 void TexturePool::resetStats() {
-    cacheHits_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    cacheMisses_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    evictionCount_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  cacheHits_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  cacheMisses_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+  evictionCount_.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
 }
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -584,48 +583,48 @@ void TexturePool::resetStats() {
  *
  * 根据纹理的尺寸、通道数和像素格式计算内存占用
  */
-size_t TexturePool::calculateTextureMemory(const Texture* texture) {
-    if (!texture) {
-        return 0;
-    }
+size_t TexturePool::calculateTextureMemory(const Texture *texture) {
+  if (!texture) {
+    return 0;
+  }
 
-    int width = texture->getWidth();
-    int height = texture->getHeight();
-    int channels = texture->getChannels();
+  int width = texture->getWidth();
+  int height = texture->getHeight();
+  int channels = texture->getChannels();
 
-    // 基础内存计算
-    size_t baseSize = static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * channels;
+  // 基础内存计算
+  size_t baseSize = static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * channels;
 
-    // 根据像素格式调整
-    PixelFormat format = texture->getFormat();
-    switch (format) {
-        case PixelFormat::RGB16F:
-        case PixelFormat::RGBA16F:
-            baseSize *= 2;  // 半精度浮点
-            break;
-        case PixelFormat::RGB32F:
-        case PixelFormat::RGBA32F:
-            baseSize *= 4;  // 全精度浮点
-            break;
-        case PixelFormat::Depth16:
-            baseSize = static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * 2;
-            break;
-        case PixelFormat::Depth24:
-        case PixelFormat::Depth24Stencil8:
-            baseSize = static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * 4;
-            break;
-        case PixelFormat::Depth32F:
-            baseSize = static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * 4;
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-    }
+  // 根据像素格式调整
+  PixelFormat format = texture->getFormat();
+  switch (format) {
+  case PixelFormat::RGB16F:
+  case PixelFormat::RGBA16F:
+    baseSize *= 2; // 半精度浮点
+    break;
+  case PixelFormat::RGB32F:
+  case PixelFormat::RGBA32F:
+    baseSize *= 4; // 全精度浮点
+    break;
+  case PixelFormat::Depth16:
+    baseSize = static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * 2;
+    break;
+  case PixelFormat::Depth24:
+  case PixelFormat::Depth24Stencil8:
+    baseSize = static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * 4;
+    break;
+  case PixelFormat::Depth32F:
+    baseSize = static_cast<size_t>(width) * height * 4;
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
 
-    // 考虑 Mipmaps（大约增加 33% 内存）
-    // 注意：这里假设生成了 mipmaps，实际应该根据 TextureLoadOptions 判断
-    // baseSize = baseSize * 4 / 3;
+  // 考虑 Mipmaps（大约增加 33% 内存）
+  // 注意：这里假设生成了 mipmaps，实际应该根据 TextureLoadOptions 判断
+  // baseSize = baseSize * 4 / 3;
 
-    return baseSize;
+  return baseSize;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -635,7 +634,7 @@ size_t TexturePool::calculateTextureMemory(const Texture* texture) {
  * 检查当前内存使用量是否超过限制
  */
 bool TexturePool::needsEviction() const {
-    return maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ > maxMemoryUsage_;
+  return maxMemoryUsage_ > 0 && currentMemoryUsage_ > maxMemoryUsage_;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -644,9 +643,9 @@ bool TexturePool::needsEviction() const {
  * 如果内存使用量超过限制，执行LRU淘汰
  */
 void TexturePool::tryAutoEvict() {
-    if (needsEviction()) {
-        evictLRU(maxMemoryUsage_);
-    }
+  if (needsEviction()) {
+    evictLRU(maxMemoryUsage_);
+  }
 }
 
-}  // namespace extra2d
+} // namespace extra2d
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/node.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/node.cpp
index 5af1ca2..6b5422a 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/node.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/node.cpp
@@ -511,12 +511,12 @@ void Node::onUpdate(float dt) {
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief 渲染回调
- * @param renderer 渲染后端引用
+ * @brief 渲染节点及其子节点
+ * @param renderer 渲染器引用
  *
  * 如果可见则绘制自身，然后递归渲染所有子节点
  */
-void Node::onRender(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void Node::onRender(Renderer &renderer) {
   if (!visible_)
     return;
 
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ void Node::update(float dt) { onUpdate(dt); }
  *
  * 如果需要则对子节点排序，然后调用onRender进行渲染
  */
-void Node::render(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void Node::render(Renderer &renderer) {
   if (childrenOrderDirty_) {
     sortChildren();
   }
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/scene.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/scene.cpp
index 151acf1..0208ad8 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/scene.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/scene.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_command.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/scene.h>
 #include <extra2d/services/logger_service.h>
 
+
 namespace extra2d {
 
 /**
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ void Scene::setViewportSize(const Size &size) {
  *
  * 如果场景不可见则直接返回，否则开始帧渲染、渲染内容并结束帧
  */
-void Scene::renderScene(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void Scene::renderScene(Renderer &renderer) {
   if (!isVisible())
     return;
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ void Scene::renderScene(RenderBackend &renderer) {
  * 批量更新节点变换，开始精灵批处理并渲染
  * 注意：视图投影矩阵由 Application 通过 CameraService 设置
  */
-void Scene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void Scene::renderContent(Renderer &renderer) {
   if (!isVisible())
     return;
 
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/scene_manager.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/scene_manager.cpp
index 58e389f..91758c0 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/scene_manager.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/scene_manager.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <extra2d/app/application.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_command.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/platform/keys.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/scene_manager.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/transition_box_scene.h>
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <extra2d/services/event_service.h>
 #include <extra2d/services/logger_service.h>
 
+
 namespace extra2d {
 
 namespace {
@@ -89,32 +90,36 @@ void SceneManager::setupEventListeners() {
     return;
   }
 
-  mouseMoveListener_ = eventService->addListener(EventType::MouseMoved, [this](Event &e) {
-    auto &mouseEvent = std::get<MouseMoveEvent>(e.data);
-    mousePos_ = mouseEvent.position;
-    mouseDelta_ = mouseEvent.delta;
-  });
+  mouseMoveListener_ =
+      eventService->addListener(EventType::MouseMoved, [this](Event &e) {
+        auto &mouseEvent = std::get<MouseMoveEvent>(e.data);
+        mousePos_ = mouseEvent.position;
+        mouseDelta_ = mouseEvent.delta;
+      });
 
-  mousePressListener_ = eventService->addListener(EventType::MouseButtonPressed, [this](Event &e) {
-    auto &mouseEvent = std::get<MouseButtonEvent>(e.data);
-    if (mouseEvent.button == static_cast<int>(Mouse::Left)) {
-      mouseLeftPressed_ = true;
-      mouseLeftDown_ = true;
-    }
-  });
+  mousePressListener_ = eventService->addListener(
+      EventType::MouseButtonPressed, [this](Event &e) {
+        auto &mouseEvent = std::get<MouseButtonEvent>(e.data);
+        if (mouseEvent.button == static_cast<int>(Mouse::Left)) {
+          mouseLeftPressed_ = true;
+          mouseLeftDown_ = true;
+        }
+      });
 
-  mouseReleaseListener_ = eventService->addListener(EventType::MouseButtonReleased, [this](Event &e) {
-    auto &mouseEvent = std::get<MouseButtonEvent>(e.data);
-    if (mouseEvent.button == static_cast<int>(Mouse::Left)) {
-      mouseLeftReleased_ = true;
-      mouseLeftDown_ = false;
-    }
-  });
+  mouseReleaseListener_ = eventService->addListener(
+      EventType::MouseButtonReleased, [this](Event &e) {
+        auto &mouseEvent = std::get<MouseButtonEvent>(e.data);
+        if (mouseEvent.button == static_cast<int>(Mouse::Left)) {
+          mouseLeftReleased_ = true;
+          mouseLeftDown_ = false;
+        }
+      });
 
-  scrollListener_ = eventService->addListener(EventType::MouseScrolled, [this](Event &e) {
-    auto &scrollEvent = std::get<MouseScrollEvent>(e.data);
-    scrollDelta_ = scrollEvent.offset.y;
-  });
+  scrollListener_ =
+      eventService->addListener(EventType::MouseScrolled, [this](Event &e) {
+        auto &scrollEvent = std::get<MouseScrollEvent>(e.data);
+        scrollDelta_ = scrollEvent.offset.y;
+      });
 }
 
 /**
@@ -610,7 +615,7 @@ void SceneManager::update(float dt) {
  *
  * 使用当前场景的背景色清除帧缓冲并渲染场景内容
  */
-void SceneManager::render(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void SceneManager::render(Renderer &renderer) {
   Color clearColor = Colors::Black;
   if (!sceneStack_.empty()) {
     clearColor = sceneStack_.top()->getBackgroundColor();
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/shape_node.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/shape_node.cpp
index 676bc78..369d64c 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/shape_node.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/shape_node.cpp
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_command.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/shape_node.h>
 #include <limits>
 
+
 namespace extra2d {
 
 /**
@@ -196,24 +197,18 @@ Ptr<ShapeNode> ShapeNode::createFilledPolygon(const std::vector<Vec2> &points,
  * @brief 设置形状的所有顶点
  * @param points 顶点坐标数组
  */
-void ShapeNode::setPoints(const std::vector<Vec2> &points) {
-  points_ = points;
-}
+void ShapeNode::setPoints(const std::vector<Vec2> &points) { points_ = points; }
 
 /**
  * @brief 添加一个顶点到形状
  * @param point 要添加的顶点坐标
  */
-void ShapeNode::addPoint(const Vec2 &point) {
-  points_.push_back(point);
-}
+void ShapeNode::addPoint(const Vec2 &point) { points_.push_back(point); }
 
 /**
  * @brief 清除所有顶点
  */
-void ShapeNode::clearPoints() {
-  points_.clear();
-}
+void ShapeNode::clearPoints() { points_.clear(); }
 
 /**
  * @brief 获取形状的边界矩形
@@ -271,7 +266,7 @@ Rect ShapeNode::getBounds() const {
  * 注意：变换矩阵已由 Node::onRender 通过 pushTransform 应用，
  *       此处直接使用本地坐标即可。
  */
-void ShapeNode::onDraw(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void ShapeNode::onDraw(Renderer &renderer) {
   if (points_.empty()) {
     return;
   }
@@ -361,16 +356,16 @@ void ShapeNode::generateRenderCommand(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
   case ShapeType::Point:
     if (!points_.empty()) {
       cmd.type = RenderCommandType::FilledCircle;
-      cmd.data =
-          CircleCommandData{points_[0] + offset, lineWidth_ * 0.5f, color_, 8, 0.0f, true};
+      cmd.data = CircleCommandData{
+          points_[0] + offset, lineWidth_ * 0.5f, color_, 8, 0.0f, true};
     }
     break;
 
   case ShapeType::Line:
     if (points_.size() >= 2) {
       cmd.type = RenderCommandType::Line;
-      cmd.data = LineCommandData{points_[0] + offset, points_[1] + offset, color_,
-                          lineWidth_};
+      cmd.data = LineCommandData{points_[0] + offset, points_[1] + offset,
+                                 color_, lineWidth_};
     }
     break;
 
@@ -380,14 +375,14 @@ void ShapeNode::generateRenderCommand(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
         cmd.type = RenderCommandType::FilledRect;
         Rect rect(points_[0].x, points_[0].y, points_[2].x - points_[0].x,
                   points_[2].y - points_[0].y);
-        cmd.data =
-            RectCommandData{Rect(rect.origin + offset, rect.size), color_, 0.0f, true};
+        cmd.data = RectCommandData{Rect(rect.origin + offset, rect.size),
+                                   color_, 0.0f, true};
       } else {
         cmd.type = RenderCommandType::Rect;
         Rect rect(points_[0].x, points_[0].y, points_[2].x - points_[0].x,
                   points_[2].y - points_[0].y);
-        cmd.data =
-            RectCommandData{Rect(rect.origin + offset, rect.size), color_, lineWidth_, false};
+        cmd.data = RectCommandData{Rect(rect.origin + offset, rect.size),
+                                   color_, lineWidth_, false};
       }
     }
     break;
@@ -397,12 +392,12 @@ void ShapeNode::generateRenderCommand(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
       float radius = points_[1].x;
       if (filled_) {
         cmd.type = RenderCommandType::FilledCircle;
-        cmd.data =
-            CircleCommandData{points_[0] + offset, radius, color_, segments_, 0.0f, true};
+        cmd.data = CircleCommandData{points_[0] + offset, radius, color_,
+                                     segments_,           0.0f,   true};
       } else {
         cmd.type = RenderCommandType::Circle;
-        cmd.data = CircleCommandData{points_[0] + offset, radius, color_, segments_,
-                              lineWidth_, false};
+        cmd.data = CircleCommandData{points_[0] + offset, radius,     color_,
+                                     segments_,           lineWidth_, false};
       }
     }
     break;
@@ -435,7 +430,8 @@ void ShapeNode::generateRenderCommand(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
         cmd.data = PolygonCommandData{transformedPoints, color_, 0.0f, true};
       } else {
         cmd.type = RenderCommandType::Polygon;
-        cmd.data = PolygonCommandData{transformedPoints, color_, lineWidth_, false};
+        cmd.data =
+            PolygonCommandData{transformedPoints, color_, lineWidth_, false};
       }
     }
     break;
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/sprite.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/sprite.cpp
index eae5658..865d0eb 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/sprite.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/sprite.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <cmath>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_command.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/texture/texture.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/sprite.h>
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Rect Sprite::getBounds() const {
  *
  * 使用世界变换计算最终位置、缩放和旋转，然后绘制精灵
  */
-void Sprite::onDraw(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void Sprite::onDraw(Renderer &renderer) {
   if (!texture_ || !texture_->isValid()) {
     return;
   }
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ void Sprite::onDraw(RenderBackend &renderer) {
 
   auto anchor = getAnchor();
 
-  // 锚点由 RenderBackend 在绘制时处理，这里只传递位置和尺寸
+  // 锚点由 Renderer 在绘制时处理，这里只传递位置和尺寸
   Rect destRect(worldX, worldY, width * worldScaleX, height * worldScaleY);
 
   // Adjust source rect for flipping
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ void Sprite::generateRenderCommand(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands,
 
   auto anchor = getAnchor();
 
-  // 锚点由 RenderBackend 在绘制时处理，这里只传递位置和尺寸
+  // 锚点由 Renderer 在绘制时处理，这里只传递位置和尺寸
   Rect destRect(worldX, worldY, width * worldScaleX, height * worldScaleY);
 
   // 调整源矩形（翻转）
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_box_scene.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_box_scene.cpp
index 53f31fa..b541d4c 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_box_scene.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_box_scene.cpp
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
-#include <extra2d/scene/transition_box_scene.h>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <extra2d/app/application.h>
 #include <extra2d/core/color.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/platform/glfw/glfw_window.h>
-#include <algorithm>
+#include <extra2d/scene/transition_box_scene.h>
 #include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
 
+
 namespace extra2d {
 
 /**
@@ -25,9 +26,8 @@ TransitionBoxScene::TransitionBoxScene(float duration, Ptr<Scene> inScene,
  * @param divisions 方块分割数
  * @return 过渡场景智能指针
  */
-Ptr<TransitionBoxScene> TransitionBoxScene::create(float duration,
-                                                   Ptr<Scene> inScene,
-                                                   int divisions) {
+Ptr<TransitionBoxScene>
+TransitionBoxScene::create(float duration, Ptr<Scene> inScene, int divisions) {
   return makePtr<TransitionBoxScene>(duration, inScene, divisions);
 }
 
@@ -36,8 +36,7 @@ Ptr<TransitionBoxScene> TransitionBoxScene::create(float duration,
  *
  * 方块过渡不需要特殊的初始化
  */
-void TransitionBoxScene::onTransitionStart() {
-}
+void TransitionBoxScene::onTransitionStart() {}
 
 /**
  * @brief 更新过渡进度
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ void TransitionBoxScene::updateTransition(float dt) {
  *
  * 先渲染新场景，然后绘制方块遮罩逐渐消失
  */
-void TransitionBoxScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void TransitionBoxScene::renderContent(Renderer &renderer) {
   auto &app = Application::get();
   float windowWidth = static_cast<float>(app.window()->width());
   float windowHeight = static_cast<float>(app.window()->height());
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_fade_scene.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_fade_scene.cpp
index 24e6bf6..63dfd75 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_fade_scene.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_fade_scene.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <extra2d/app/application.h>
 #include <extra2d/core/service_locator.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/platform/glfw/glfw_window.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/transition_fade_scene.h>
 #include <extra2d/services/logger_service.h>
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ void TransitionFadeScene::updateTransition(float dt) {
   }
 }
 
-void TransitionFadeScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void TransitionFadeScene::renderContent(Renderer &renderer) {
   auto &app = Application::get();
   float windowWidth = static_cast<float>(app.window()->width());
   float windowHeight = static_cast<float>(app.window()->height());
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_flip_scene.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_flip_scene.cpp
index 7b0119a..44763ab 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_flip_scene.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_flip_scene.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-#include <extra2d/scene/transition_flip_scene.h>
 #include <extra2d/core/math_types.h>
 #include <extra2d/graphics/camera/camera.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
+#include <extra2d/scene/transition_flip_scene.h>
+
 
 namespace extra2d {
 
@@ -22,9 +23,8 @@ TransitionFlipScene::TransitionFlipScene(float duration, Ptr<Scene> inScene,
  * @param axis 翻转轴
  * @return 过渡场景智能指针
  */
-Ptr<TransitionFlipScene> TransitionFlipScene::create(float duration,
-                                                     Ptr<Scene> inScene,
-                                                     Axis axis) {
+Ptr<TransitionFlipScene>
+TransitionFlipScene::create(float duration, Ptr<Scene> inScene, Axis axis) {
   return makePtr<TransitionFlipScene>(duration, inScene, axis);
 }
 
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ Ptr<TransitionFlipScene> TransitionFlipScene::create(float duration,
  *
  * 翻页过渡不需要特殊的初始化
  */
-void TransitionFlipScene::onTransitionStart() {
-}
+void TransitionFlipScene::onTransitionStart() {}
 
 /**
  * @brief 更新过渡进度
@@ -50,9 +49,10 @@ void TransitionFlipScene::updateTransition(float dt) {
  *
  * 根据进度控制新旧场景的翻转角度
  */
-void TransitionFlipScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
-  float easeProgress = progress_ < 0.5f ? 2.0f * progress_ * progress_
-                                        : -1.0f + (4.0f - 2.0f * progress_) * progress_;
+void TransitionFlipScene::renderContent(Renderer &renderer) {
+  float easeProgress = progress_ < 0.5f
+                           ? 2.0f * progress_ * progress_
+                           : -1.0f + (4.0f - 2.0f * progress_) * progress_;
 
   float angle = easeProgress * PI_F;
 
@@ -103,7 +103,6 @@ void TransitionFlipScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
       }
     }
   }
-
 }
 
 } // namespace extra2d
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scale_scene.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scale_scene.cpp
index 7ca6de6..9da0e96 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scale_scene.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scale_scene.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-#include <extra2d/scene/transition_scale_scene.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/camera/camera.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/camera/camera.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
+#include <extra2d/scene/transition_scale_scene.h>
+
 
 namespace extra2d {
 
@@ -29,8 +30,7 @@ Ptr<TransitionScaleScene> TransitionScaleScene::create(float duration,
  *
  * 缩放过渡不需要特殊的初始化
  */
-void TransitionScaleScene::onTransitionStart() {
-}
+void TransitionScaleScene::onTransitionStart() {}
 
 /**
  * @brief 更新过渡进度
@@ -46,9 +46,10 @@ void TransitionScaleScene::updateTransition(float dt) {
  *
  * 根据进度控制新旧场景的缩放比例
  */
-void TransitionScaleScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
-  float easeProgress = progress_ < 0.5f ? 2.0f * progress_ * progress_
-                                        : -1.0f + (4.0f - 2.0f * progress_) * progress_;
+void TransitionScaleScene::renderContent(Renderer &renderer) {
+  float easeProgress = progress_ < 0.5f
+                           ? 2.0f * progress_ * progress_
+                           : -1.0f + (4.0f - 2.0f * progress_) * progress_;
 
   if (outScene_) {
     float scale = std::max(0.01f, 1.0f - easeProgress);
@@ -83,7 +84,6 @@ void TransitionScaleScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
       camera->setZoom(originalZoom);
     }
   }
-
 }
 
 } // namespace extra2d
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scene.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scene.cpp
index a5b6df2..9e2c54e 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scene.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_scene.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include <extra2d/core/service_locator.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
 #include <extra2d/scene/transition_scene.h>
 #include <extra2d/services/logger_service.h>
 
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ void TransitionScene::cancel(bool immediate) {
  *
  * 默认先渲染退出场景，再渲染进入场景
  */
-void TransitionScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void TransitionScene::renderContent(Renderer &renderer) {
   drawOutScene(renderer);
   drawInScene(renderer);
 }
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ void TransitionScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
  * @brief 绘制退出场景
  * @param renderer 渲染后端引用
  */
-void TransitionScene::drawOutScene(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void TransitionScene::drawOutScene(Renderer &renderer) {
   if (outScene_) {
     outScene_->renderContent(renderer);
   }
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ void TransitionScene::drawOutScene(RenderBackend &renderer) {
  * @brief 绘制进入场景
  * @param renderer 渲染后端引用
  */
-void TransitionScene::drawInScene(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void TransitionScene::drawInScene(Renderer &renderer) {
   if (inScene_) {
     inScene_->renderContent(renderer);
   }
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_slide_scene.cpp b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_slide_scene.cpp
index 85d7f0b..c001110 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_slide_scene.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/scene/transition_slide_scene.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-#include <extra2d/scene/transition_slide_scene.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/camera/camera.h>
-#include <extra2d/graphics/core/render_backend.h>
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/camera/camera.h>
+#include <extra2d/graphics/opengl/gl_renderer.h>
+#include <extra2d/scene/transition_slide_scene.h>
+
 
 namespace extra2d {
 
@@ -22,8 +23,9 @@ TransitionSlideScene::TransitionSlideScene(float duration, Ptr<Scene> inScene,
  * @param direction 滑动方向
  * @return 过渡场景智能指针
  */
-Ptr<TransitionSlideScene> TransitionSlideScene::create(
-    float duration, Ptr<Scene> inScene, TransitionDirection direction) {
+Ptr<TransitionSlideScene>
+TransitionSlideScene::create(float duration, Ptr<Scene> inScene,
+                             TransitionDirection direction) {
   return makePtr<TransitionSlideScene>(duration, inScene, direction);
 }
 
@@ -32,8 +34,7 @@ Ptr<TransitionSlideScene> TransitionSlideScene::create(
  *
  * 滑动过渡不需要特殊的初始化
  */
-void TransitionSlideScene::onTransitionStart() {
-}
+void TransitionSlideScene::onTransitionStart() {}
 
 /**
  * @brief 更新过渡进度
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ void TransitionSlideScene::updateTransition(float dt) {
  *
  * 根据进度控制新旧场景的滑动位置
  */
-void TransitionSlideScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
+void TransitionSlideScene::renderContent(Renderer &renderer) {
   float screenWidth = 800.0f;
   float screenHeight = 600.0f;
 
@@ -67,8 +68,9 @@ void TransitionSlideScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
     }
   }
 
-  float easeProgress = progress_ < 0.5f ? 2.0f * progress_ * progress_
-                                        : -1.0f + (4.0f - 2.0f * progress_) * progress_;
+  float easeProgress = progress_ < 0.5f
+                           ? 2.0f * progress_ * progress_
+                           : -1.0f + (4.0f - 2.0f * progress_) * progress_;
 
   if (outScene_) {
     float offsetX = 0.0f;
@@ -135,7 +137,6 @@ void TransitionSlideScene::renderContent(RenderBackend &renderer) {
       camera->setPos(originalPos);
     }
   }
-
 }
 
 } // namespace extra2d
diff --git a/Extra2D/src/services/scene_service.cpp b/Extra2D/src/services/scene_service.cpp
index 854f1bd..b59db17 100644
--- a/Extra2D/src/services/scene_service.cpp
+++ b/Extra2D/src/services/scene_service.cpp
@@ -68,9 +68,7 @@ bool SceneService::hasScene(const std::string &name) const {
   return manager_.hasScene(name);
 }
 
-void SceneService::render(RenderBackend &renderer) {
-  manager_.render(renderer);
-}
+void SceneService::render(Renderer &renderer) { manager_.render(renderer); }
 
 void SceneService::collectRenderCommands(std::vector<RenderCommand> &commands) {
   manager_.collectRenderCommands(commands);
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 075b41f..243e755 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ flowchart TB
     subgraph Graphics["Graphics (图形系统)"]
         direction TB
         RESOURCES[Resources<br/>资源抽象层]
-        BACKEND[RenderBackend<br/>渲染后端]
+        BACKEND[Renderer<br/>渲染后端]
         BATCH[Batch Layer<br/>批处理层]
         GL[OpenGL Backend<br/>OpenGL 后端]
         VK[Vulkan Backend<br/>Vulkan 后端]
diff --git a/docs/module_system.md b/docs/module_system.md
index ef8b3e6..1930003 100644
--- a/docs/module_system.md
+++ b/docs/module_system.md
@@ -229,9 +229,9 @@ cameraService->setZoom(2.0f);
 ### 渲染后端接口
 
 ```cpp
-class RenderBackend {
+class Renderer {
 public:
-    virtual ~RenderBackend() = default;
+    virtual ~Renderer() = default;
     
     // 生命周期
     virtual bool init(IWindow* window) = 0;
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ public:
     virtual void drawText(const FontAtlas &font, const std::string &text, const Vec2 &position, const Color &color) = 0;
     
     // 工厂方法
-    static UniquePtr<RenderBackend> create(BackendType type);
+    static UniquePtr<Renderer> create(BackendType type);
 };
 ```
 
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ public:
     virtual void onEnter();
     virtual void onExit();
     virtual void onUpdate(float dt);
-    virtual void onRender(RenderBackend& renderer);
+    virtual void onRender(Renderer& renderer);
 };
 ```
 
diff --git a/examples/basic/main.cpp b/examples/basic/main.cpp
index 29f2913..70cb204 100644
--- a/examples/basic/main.cpp
+++ b/examples/basic/main.cpp
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ public:
    * @brief 自定义渲染逻辑
    * @param renderer 渲染后端
    */
-  void onRender(RenderBackend &renderer) override { Scene::onRender(renderer); }
+  void onRender(Renderer &renderer) override { Scene::onRender(renderer); }
 };
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
@@ -107,9 +107,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     cfg.priority = 0;
   });
 
-  app.use<RenderModule>([](auto &cfg) {
-    cfg.priority = 10;
-  });
+  app.use<RenderModule>([](auto &cfg) { cfg.priority = 10; });
 
   std::cout << "Initializing application..." << std::endl;
   if (!app.init()) {
diff --git a/examples/hello_module/main.cpp b/examples/hello_module/main.cpp
index b0361ea..8236708 100644
--- a/examples/hello_module/main.cpp
+++ b/examples/hello_module/main.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ public:
       time_ = 0.0f;
     }
   }
-  void onRender(RenderBackend &renderer) override { Scene::onRender(renderer); }
+  void onRender(Renderer &renderer) override { Scene::onRender(renderer); }
 
 private:
   float time_ = 0.0f;
@@ -44,9 +44,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     cfg.w = 800;
     cfg.h = 600;
   });
-  app.use<RenderModule>([](auto &cfg) {
-    cfg.priority = 10;
-  });
+  app.use<RenderModule>([](auto &cfg) { cfg.priority = 10; });
   app.use<HelloModule>([](auto &cfg) {
     cfg.greeting = "Hello from custom module!";
     cfg.repeatCount = 3;
diff --git a/examples/image_display/main.cpp b/examples/image_display/main.cpp
index f27bfce..64949bf 100644
--- a/examples/image_display/main.cpp
+++ b/examples/image_display/main.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * @file main.cpp
  * @brief Extra2D 图片显示示例
  *
- * 演示如何使用 RenderBackend 抽象接口加载和显示图片
+ * 演示如何使用 Renderer 抽象接口加载和显示图片
  * 此示例不依赖任何特定渲染后端（如 OpenGL）
  */
 
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ public:
 
   void onExit() override { texture_.reset(); }
 
-  void onRender(RenderBackend &renderer) override {
+  void onRender(Renderer &renderer) override {
     Scene::onRender(renderer);
 
     if (!texture_) {
       return;
     }
 
-    // 使用 RenderBackend 的抽象接口绘制图片
+    // 使用 Renderer 的抽象接口绘制图片
     // 不依赖任何特定后端（如 OpenGL）
     // 自动批处理：无需手动调用 begin/endSpriteBatch
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public:
     float x = (windowWidth - displayWidth) * 0.5f;
     float y = (windowHeight - displayHeight) * 0.5f;
 
-    // 使用 RenderBackend 的 drawSprite 方法绘制图片
+    // 使用 Renderer 的 drawSprite 方法绘制图片
     // 参数：纹理、目标矩形、源矩形、颜色、旋转角度、锚点
     Rect destRect(x, y, displayWidth, displayHeight);
     Rect srcRect(0, 0, imgWidth, imgHeight);
@@ -80,11 +80,11 @@ public:
     // 注意：无需手动调用 renderer.endSpriteBatch()，帧结束时会自动刷新
   }
 
-  void setRenderer(RenderBackend *renderer) { renderer_ = renderer; }
+  void setRenderer(Renderer *renderer) { renderer_ = renderer; }
 
 private:
   Ptr<Texture> texture_;
-  RenderBackend *renderer_ = nullptr;
+  Renderer *renderer_ = nullptr;
 };
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
@@ -103,9 +103,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
     cfg.priority = 0;
   });
 
-  app.use<RenderModule>([](auto &cfg) {
-    cfg.priority = 10;
-  });
+  app.use<RenderModule>([](auto &cfg) { cfg.priority = 10; });
 
   if (!app.init()) {
     std::cerr << "Failed to initialize application!" << std::endl;
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   }
 
   // 获取渲染器
-  RenderBackend *renderer = app.renderer();
+  Renderer *renderer = app.renderer();
 
   // 创建并配置场景
   auto scene = makeShared<ImageDisplayScene>();
diff --git a/examples/text_rendering/main.cpp b/examples/text_rendering/main.cpp
index 2265dfd..004cdc4 100644
--- a/examples/text_rendering/main.cpp
+++ b/examples/text_rendering/main.cpp
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * @file main.cpp
  * @brief Extra2D 文字渲染示例
  *
- * 演示如何使用 RenderBackend 抽象接口渲染文字
+ * 演示如何使用 Renderer 抽象接口渲染文字
  * 此示例不依赖任何特定渲染后端（如 OpenGL）
  */
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public:
 
   void onExit() override { font_.reset(); }
 
-  void onRender(RenderBackend &renderer) override {
+  void onRender(Renderer &renderer) override {
     Scene::onRender(renderer);
 
     if (!font_) {
@@ -85,21 +85,21 @@ public:
                Color(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f));
   }
 
-  void setRenderer(RenderBackend *renderer) { renderer_ = renderer; }
+  void setRenderer(Renderer *renderer) { renderer_ = renderer; }
 
 private:
-  void renderText(RenderBackend &renderer, const std::string &text, float x,
-                  float y, const Color &color) {
+  void renderText(Renderer &renderer, const std::string &text, float x, float y,
+                  const Color &color) {
     if (!font_) {
       return;
     }
 
-    // 使用 RenderBackend 的 drawText 方法
+    // 使用 Renderer 的 drawText 方法
     renderer.drawText(*font_, text, Vec2(x, y), color);
   }
 
   Ptr<FontAtlas> font_;
-  RenderBackend *renderer_ = nullptr;
+  Renderer *renderer_ = nullptr;
 };
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
   }
 
   // 获取渲染器
-  RenderBackend *renderer = app.renderer();
+  Renderer *renderer = app.renderer();
 
   // 创建并配置场景
   auto scene = makeShared<TextRenderingScene>();