771 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
771 lines
19 KiB
Markdown
# Extra2D 模块系统
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## 概述
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Extra2D 采用模块化架构设计，所有核心功能通过模块系统和服务系统管理。系统提供：
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- **统一的生命周期管理**：初始化、关闭、依赖处理
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- **优先级排序**：确保模块/服务按正确顺序初始化
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- **模块化配置**：每个模块独立管理自己的配置
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- **依赖注入**：通过服务定位器解耦模块间依赖
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- **可扩展性**：新增模块无需修改引擎核心代码
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## 架构图
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Application │
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│ (协调模块和服务，通过服务定位器获取依赖) │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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│
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┌───────────────┴───────────────┐
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▼ ▼
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┌─────────────────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────────────┐
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│ ModuleRegistry │ │ ServiceLocator │
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│ (模块注册表，管理平台级模块) │ │ (服务定位器，管理运行时服务) │
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└─────────────────────────────┘ └─────────────────────────────┘
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│ │
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┌─────┴─────┐ ┌───────┴───────┐
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▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
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┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐
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│ Config │ │ Window │ │ Scene │ │ Timer │
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│ Module │ │ Module │ │ Service │ │ Service │
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└───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘
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```
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## 模块化配置系统
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### 设计原则
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Extra2D 采用**模块化配置系统**，遵循开闭原则：
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- **AppConfig** 只包含应用级别配置（appName, appVersion, organization 等）
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- **各模块配置** 由模块自己管理，实现 `IModuleConfig` 接口
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- **新增模块** 无需修改引擎核心代码
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### 配置文件结构
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```
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Extra2D/include/extra2d/
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├── config/
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│ ├── app_config.h # 应用级别配置
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│ ├── module_config.h # 模块配置接口
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│ └── config_manager.h # 配置管理器
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├── platform/
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│ ├── window_config.h # 窗口模块配置
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│ └── input_config.h # 输入模块配置
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├── graphics/
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│ └── render_config.h # 渲染模块配置
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├── audio/
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│ └── audio_config.h # 音频模块配置
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├── debug/
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│ └── debug_config.h # 调试模块配置
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└── resource/
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└── resource_config.h # 资源模块配置
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```
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### AppConfig 结构
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```cpp
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struct AppConfig {
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std::string appName = "Extra2D App";
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std::string appVersion = "1.0.0";
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std::string organization = "";
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std::string configFile = "config.json";
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PlatformType targetPlatform = PlatformType::Auto;
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static AppConfig createDefault();
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bool validate() const;
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void reset();
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void merge(const AppConfig& other);
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};
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```
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### 模块配置示例
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```cpp
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// window_config.h
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struct WindowConfigData {
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std::string title = "Extra2D Application";
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int width = 1280;
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int height = 720;
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WindowMode mode = WindowMode::Windowed;
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bool vsync = true;
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bool resizable = true;
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// ...
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};
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// window_module.h
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class WindowModuleConfig : public IModuleConfig {
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public:
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WindowConfigData windowConfig;
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ModuleInfo getModuleInfo() const override;
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std::string getConfigSectionName() const override { return "window"; }
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bool validate() const override;
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void applyPlatformConstraints(PlatformType platform) override;
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bool loadFromJson(const void* jsonData) override;
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bool saveToJson(void* jsonData) const override;
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};
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```
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---
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## 模块 vs 服务
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| 特性 | 模块 (Module) | 服务 (Service) |
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|-----|--------------|---------------|
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| 用途 | 平台级初始化 | 运行时功能 |
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| 生命周期 | Application 管理 | ServiceLocator 管理 |
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| 配置管理 | 独立配置文件 | 无配置 |
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| 依赖方式 | 通过 ModuleRegistry | 通过 ServiceLocator |
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| 可替换性 | 编译时确定 | 运行时可替换 |
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| 示例 | Window, Render, Input | Scene, Timer, Event, Camera |
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## 模块优先级
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模块按优先级从小到大初始化，关闭时逆序执行：
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| 优先级值 | 枚举名称 | 用途 | 模块示例 |
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|---------|---------|------|---------|
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| 0 | `Core` | 核心模块，最先初始化 | Config, Platform, Window |
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| 50 | `Input` | 输入系统 | Input |
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| 100 | `Graphics` | 图形渲染 | Render |
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| 200 | `Audio` | 音频系统 | Audio |
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| 500 | `Resource` | 资源管理 | Resource |
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---
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## 模块系统
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### IModuleConfig
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模块配置接口，定义模块的元数据和配置：
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```cpp
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class IModuleConfig {
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public:
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virtual ~IModuleConfig() = default;
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virtual ModuleInfo getModuleInfo() const = 0;
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virtual std::string getConfigSectionName() const = 0;
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virtual bool validate() const = 0;
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virtual void resetToDefaults() = 0;
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virtual bool loadFromJson(const void* jsonData) = 0;
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virtual bool saveToJson(void* jsonData) const = 0;
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virtual void applyPlatformConstraints(PlatformType platform) {}
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};
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```
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### IModuleInitializer
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模块初始化器接口，管理模块的生命周期：
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```cpp
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class IModuleInitializer {
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public:
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virtual ~IModuleInitializer() = default;
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virtual ModuleId getModuleId() const = 0;
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virtual ModulePriority getPriority() const = 0;
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virtual std::vector<ModuleId> getDependencies() const = 0;
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virtual bool initialize(const IModuleConfig* config) = 0;
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virtual void shutdown() = 0;
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virtual bool isInitialized() const = 0;
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};
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```
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### ModuleRegistry
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模块注册表，管理所有模块：
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```cpp
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class ModuleRegistry {
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public:
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static ModuleRegistry& instance();
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ModuleId registerModule(
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UniquePtr<IModuleConfig> config,
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ModuleInitializerFactory factory
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);
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IModuleConfig* getModuleConfig(ModuleId id);
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IModuleInitializer* getInitializer(ModuleId id);
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std::vector<ModuleId> getAllModules() const;
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std::vector<ModuleId> getInitializationOrder() const;
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};
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```
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---
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## 创建新模块
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### 步骤 1：定义配置数据结构
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```cpp
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// my_module_config.h
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#pragma once
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#include <string>
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namespace extra2d {
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struct MyModuleConfigData {
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int someSetting = 42;
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bool enabled = true;
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std::string path = "default";
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};
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}
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```
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### 步骤 2：定义配置类
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```cpp
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// my_module.h
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#pragma once
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#include <extra2d/config/module_config.h>
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#include <extra2d/config/module_initializer.h>
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#include "my_module_config.h"
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namespace extra2d {
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class MyModuleConfig : public IModuleConfig {
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public:
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MyModuleConfigData config;
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ModuleInfo getModuleInfo() const override {
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ModuleInfo info;
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info.id = 0;
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info.name = "MyModule";
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info.version = "1.0.0";
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info.priority = ModulePriority::Graphics;
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info.enabled = true;
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return info;
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}
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std::string getConfigSectionName() const override { return "my_module"; }
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bool validate() const override { return config.someSetting > 0; }
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void resetToDefaults() override {
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config = MyModuleConfigData{};
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}
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void applyPlatformConstraints(PlatformType platform) override {
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#ifdef __SWITCH__
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config.someSetting = 30; // Switch 平台优化
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#else
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(void)platform;
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#endif
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}
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bool loadFromJson(const void* jsonData) override;
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bool saveToJson(void* jsonData) const override;
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};
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}
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```
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### 步骤 3：定义初始化器
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```cpp
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// my_module.h (续)
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class MyModuleInitializer : public IModuleInitializer {
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public:
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MyModuleInitializer();
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~MyModuleInitializer() override;
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ModuleId getModuleId() const override { return moduleId_; }
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ModulePriority getPriority() const override { return ModulePriority::Graphics; }
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std::vector<ModuleId> getDependencies() const override;
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bool initialize(const IModuleConfig* config) override;
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void shutdown() override;
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bool isInitialized() const override { return initialized_; }
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void setModuleId(ModuleId id) { moduleId_ = id; }
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private:
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ModuleId moduleId_ = INVALID_MODULE_ID;
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bool initialized_ = false;
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MyModuleConfigData config_;
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};
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ModuleId get_my_module_id();
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void register_my_module();
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```
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### 步骤 4：实现模块
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```cpp
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// my_module.cpp
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#include "my_module.h"
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#include <extra2d/config/module_registry.h>
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#include <extra2d/utils/logger.h>
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#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
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using json = nlohmann::json;
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namespace extra2d {
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static ModuleId s_myModuleId = INVALID_MODULE_ID;
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ModuleId get_my_module_id() { return s_myModuleId; }
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bool MyModuleConfig::loadFromJson(const void* jsonData) {
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if (!jsonData) return false;
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try {
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const json& j = *static_cast<const json*>(jsonData);
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if (j.contains("someSetting")) config.someSetting = j["someSetting"].get<int>();
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if (j.contains("enabled")) config.enabled = j["enabled"].get<bool>();
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if (j.contains("path")) config.path = j["path"].get<std::string>();
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return true;
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} catch (...) {
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return false;
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}
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}
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bool MyModuleConfig::saveToJson(void* jsonData) const {
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if (!jsonData) return false;
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try {
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json& j = *static_cast<json*>(jsonData);
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j["someSetting"] = config.someSetting;
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j["enabled"] = config.enabled;
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j["path"] = config.path;
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return true;
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} catch (...) {
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return false;
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}
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}
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MyModuleInitializer::MyModuleInitializer() : moduleId_(INVALID_MODULE_ID), initialized_(false) {}
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MyModuleInitializer::~MyModuleInitializer() { if (initialized_) shutdown(); }
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std::vector<ModuleId> MyModuleInitializer::getDependencies() const {
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return {}; // 无依赖
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}
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bool MyModuleInitializer::initialize(const IModuleConfig* config) {
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if (initialized_) return true;
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const MyModuleConfig* cfg = dynamic_cast<const MyModuleConfig*>(config);
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if (!cfg) {
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E2D_LOG_ERROR("Invalid MyModule config");
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return false;
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}
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config_ = cfg->config;
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// 执行初始化逻辑...
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initialized_ = true;
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E2D_LOG_INFO("MyModule initialized with setting: {}", config_.someSetting);
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return true;
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}
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void MyModuleInitializer::shutdown() {
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if (!initialized_) return;
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// 执行清理逻辑...
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initialized_ = false;
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E2D_LOG_INFO("MyModule shutdown");
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}
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void register_my_module() {
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if (s_myModuleId != INVALID_MODULE_ID) return;
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s_myModuleId = ModuleRegistry::instance().registerModule(
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makeUnique<MyModuleConfig>(),
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[]() -> UniquePtr<IModuleInitializer> {
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auto initializer = makeUnique<MyModuleInitializer>();
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initializer->setModuleId(s_myModuleId);
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return initializer;
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}
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);
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}
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namespace {
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struct MyModuleAutoRegister {
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MyModuleAutoRegister() { register_my_module(); }
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};
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static MyModuleAutoRegister s_autoRegister;
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 内置模块
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### Config 模块
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**职责**：管理 ConfigManager 和应用配置
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**配置**：
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```cpp
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AppConfig config;
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config.appName = "My Application";
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config.appVersion = "1.0.0";
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```
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---
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### Platform 模块
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**职责**：平台检测和平台特定初始化
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**支持平台**：
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- Windows
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- Linux
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- macOS
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- Nintendo Switch
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**平台能力查询**：
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```cpp
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auto* platformConfig = createPlatformConfig();
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const auto& caps = platformConfig->capabilities();
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if (caps.supportsGamepad) {
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// 支持手柄
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}
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```
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---
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### Window 模块
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**职责**：窗口创建和管理
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**后端**：统一使用 SDL2，支持所有平台
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**配置**：
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```cpp
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WindowConfigData config;
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config.title = "My App";
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config.width = 1280;
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config.height = 720;
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config.mode = WindowMode::Windowed;
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config.vsync = true;
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```
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**平台约束**：
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- Switch 平台自动强制全屏模式
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---
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### Input 模块
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**职责**：输入设备管理（键盘、鼠标、手柄）
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**配置**：
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```cpp
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InputConfigData config;
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config.deadzone = 0.15f;
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config.mouseSensitivity = 1.0f;
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config.enableVibration = true;
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```
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**使用示例**：
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```cpp
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IInput* input = app.window().input();
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// 键盘
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if (input->pressed(Key::Space)) {
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// 空格键刚按下
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}
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// 鼠标
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if (input->down(Mouse::Left)) {
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Vec2 pos = input->mouse();
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}
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// 手柄
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if (input->gamepad()) {
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Vec2 stick = input->leftStick();
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if (input->pressed(Gamepad::A)) {
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input->vibrate(0.5f, 0.5f); // 振动反馈
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}
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}
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```
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---
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### Render 模块
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**职责**：渲染器初始化和管理
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**配置**：
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```cpp
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RenderConfigData config;
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config.backend = BackendType::OpenGL;
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config.vsync = true;
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config.targetFPS = 60;
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config.multisamples = 4;
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```
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---
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## 配置文件格式
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配置使用 JSON 格式，每个模块有独立的配置节：
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```json
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{
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"app": {
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"name": "My Application",
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"version": "1.0.0",
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"organization": "MyCompany"
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},
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"window": {
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"title": "My Application",
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"width": 1280,
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"height": 720,
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"mode": "windowed",
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"vsync": true
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},
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"render": {
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"targetFPS": 60,
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"multisamples": 4
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},
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"input": {
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"deadzone": 0.15,
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"mouseSensitivity": 1.0,
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"enableVibration": true
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 服务系统
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### IService
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服务接口基类，所有服务必须实现：
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```cpp
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class IService {
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public:
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virtual ~IService() = default;
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virtual ServiceInfo getServiceInfo() const = 0;
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virtual bool initialize() = 0;
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virtual void shutdown() = 0;
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virtual void update(float deltaTime);
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virtual bool isInitialized() const;
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ServiceState getState() const;
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const std::string& getName() const;
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};
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```
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### 内置服务
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| 服务 | 用途 | 优先级 |
|
||
|-----|------|-------|
|
||
| SceneService | 场景管理 | 300 |
|
||
| TimerService | 计时器 | 200 |
|
||
| EventService | 事件分发 | 100 |
|
||
| CameraService | 相机系统 | 400 |
|
||
|
||
### 使用服务
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
// 获取服务
|
||
auto sceneService = Application::get().scenes();
|
||
auto timerService = Application::get().timers();
|
||
auto eventService = Application::get().events();
|
||
|
||
// 使用场景服务
|
||
sceneService->pushScene(myScene);
|
||
|
||
// 使用计时器服务
|
||
timerService->addTimer(1.0f, []() {
|
||
E2D_LOG_INFO("Timer fired!");
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// 使用事件服务
|
||
eventService->addListener(EventType::KeyPressed, [](Event& e) {
|
||
auto& keyEvent = std::get<KeyEvent>(e.data);
|
||
E2D_LOG_INFO("Key pressed: {}", keyEvent.keyCode);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 输入事件系统
|
||
|
||
### 事件类型
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
enum class EventType {
|
||
// 键盘
|
||
KeyPressed,
|
||
KeyReleased,
|
||
KeyRepeat,
|
||
|
||
// 鼠标
|
||
MouseButtonPressed,
|
||
MouseButtonReleased,
|
||
MouseMoved,
|
||
MouseScrolled,
|
||
|
||
// 手柄
|
||
GamepadConnected,
|
||
GamepadDisconnected,
|
||
GamepadButtonPressed,
|
||
GamepadButtonReleased,
|
||
|
||
// 触摸
|
||
TouchBegan,
|
||
TouchMoved,
|
||
TouchEnded,
|
||
|
||
// 窗口
|
||
WindowResize,
|
||
WindowClose,
|
||
// ...
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 事件监听
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto eventService = Application::get().events();
|
||
|
||
// 监听键盘事件
|
||
eventService->addListener(EventType::KeyPressed, [](Event& e) {
|
||
auto& key = std::get<KeyEvent>(e.data);
|
||
E2D_LOG_INFO("Key: {}, mods: {}", key.keyCode, key.mods);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// 监听鼠标事件
|
||
eventService->addListener(EventType::MouseButtonPressed, [](Event& e) {
|
||
auto& mouse = std::get<MouseButtonEvent>(e.data);
|
||
E2D_LOG_INFO("Mouse button: {} at ({}, {})",
|
||
mouse.button, mouse.position.x, mouse.position.y);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 平台支持
|
||
|
||
### 支持的平台
|
||
|
||
| 平台 | 窗口后端 | 图形 API | 特殊处理 |
|
||
|-----|---------|---------|---------|
|
||
| Windows | SDL2 | OpenGL ES 3.2 | - |
|
||
| Linux | SDL2 | OpenGL ES 3.2 | - |
|
||
| macOS | SDL2 | OpenGL ES 3.2 | - |
|
||
| Nintendo Switch | SDL2 | OpenGL ES 3.2 | romfs, 强制全屏 |
|
||
|
||
### 平台检测
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
PlatformType platform = PlatformDetector::detect();
|
||
const char* name = getPlatformTypeName(platform);
|
||
|
||
switch (platform) {
|
||
case PlatformType::Windows: // Windows 处理
|
||
case PlatformType::Switch: // Switch 处理
|
||
// ...
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 平台能力
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto* config = createPlatformConfig();
|
||
const auto& caps = config->capabilities();
|
||
|
||
if (caps.supportsWindowed) { /* 支持窗口模式 */ }
|
||
if (caps.supportsGamepad) { /* 支持手柄 */ }
|
||
if (caps.supportsTouch) { /* 支持触摸 */ }
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 最佳实践
|
||
|
||
### 1. 模块配置独立化
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
// 好的做法：模块管理自己的配置
|
||
class WindowModuleConfig : public IModuleConfig {
|
||
WindowConfigData windowConfig; // 模块内部配置
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
// 不好的做法：所有配置放在 AppConfig
|
||
struct AppConfig {
|
||
WindowConfigData window; // 耦合度高
|
||
RenderConfigData render;
|
||
// ... 新增模块需要修改 AppConfig
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 2. 使用平台约束
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
void WindowModuleConfig::applyPlatformConstraints(PlatformType platform) {
|
||
#ifdef __SWITCH__
|
||
windowConfig.mode = WindowMode::Fullscreen;
|
||
windowConfig.resizable = false;
|
||
#else
|
||
(void)platform;
|
||
#endif
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 3. 模块自动注册
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
namespace {
|
||
struct MyModuleAutoRegister {
|
||
MyModuleAutoRegister() { register_my_module(); }
|
||
};
|
||
static MyModuleAutoRegister s_autoRegister; // 程序启动时自动注册
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 调试
|
||
|
||
### 查看模块初始化顺序
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto order = ModuleRegistry::instance().getInitializationOrder();
|
||
for (ModuleId id : order) {
|
||
auto* config = ModuleRegistry::instance().getModuleConfig(id);
|
||
if (config) {
|
||
auto info = config->getModuleInfo();
|
||
E2D_LOG_INFO("Module: {} (priority: {})",
|
||
info.name, static_cast<int>(info.priority));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 查看服务状态
|
||
|
||
```cpp
|
||
auto services = ServiceLocator::instance().getAllServices();
|
||
for (const auto& service : services) {
|
||
auto info = service->getServiceInfo();
|
||
E2D_LOG_INFO("Service: {} (state: {})",
|
||
info.name, static_cast<int>(info.state));
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 示例
|
||
|
||
完整示例请参考：
|
||
- [examples/basic/main.cpp](../../examples/basic/main.cpp) - 基础示例
|
||
- [Extra2D/src/platform/window_module.cpp](../../Extra2D/src/platform/window_module.cpp) - Window 模块实现
|
||
- [Extra2D/src/platform/input_module.cpp](../../Extra2D/src/platform/input_module.cpp) - Input 模块实现
|
||
- [Extra2D/src/graphics/render_module.cpp](../../Extra2D/src/graphics/render_module.cpp) - Render 模块实现
|